Prior Plans Research Articles

Decision-making and the trajectories of young Europeans in the London region: the planners, the dreamers, and the accidental migrants

This paper focuses on the intra-EU movement of young adults from Finland, Poland, and Spain who have settled, short- or long-term, in London and its wider region. In our comparative analysis, we find that the 46 interviewees differ in the way in which they took the original decision to move to the UK. Study, work, career, life goals, and lifestyle are the main variables shaping, in various combinations, migration decisions and plans. We categorize the decision-making and subsequent trajectories into three groups based on migrants’ life-stories. The first group, the planners, had a long-term plan to move abroad with well-defined objectives of what they hoped to achieve. The second group, the dreamers, had the idea to move abroad someday, but then decided to activate the idea rather suddenly. The third group, the accidental migrants, moved abroad almost by accident, having had no prior plans, but responded to the opportunity when it arose out of a chance event, and had no specific plans as to what they would do abroad. The boundaries between these groups are somewhat blurred and the mobile individual’s attitudes and motivation towards migration may change over time. Examining the decision-making process of current migrants helps to estimate how inbound mobility to the UK from the EU might change in the new post-Brexit migration scenario.

PREMEDITATED MURDER ON SHIP WHEN SEEKING LIFE PRESERVES ACCORDING TO HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE

Sustaining life means a person is trying to save his life so that he can continue his daily life. Defense is not only in eating, drinking, exercising, maintaining a healthy body, and getting enough sleep but also in surviving in a state of urgency. Circumstances force a person to do anything in the hope of preserving their life. This study aims to find out in-depth the study of Force majeure, which has the meaning of a condition where a particular place can experience urges that cannot be prevented due to natural factors. Due to force majeure, such as goods, forced circumstances can still be forgiven due to natural factors. However, it is different from humans in terms of human rights if it is related to the Criminal Code (having a general character) and the Human Rights Law (having a unique character), following the Lex specialis derogat Legi generali principle. It is the rule of law that tends to be specific, which can contradict the general law. Premeditated murder is a crime against life regulated in Article 340 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. Premeditated murder is an act that stands alone with ordinary murder as regulated in Article 338 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. The provisions contained in the act of premeditated murder are a repetition of the act of murder in Article 338 of the Criminal Code. One more element is added, "with a prior plan." The approach used in reviewing this research is the approach through the law (statute approach) and conceptual approach. This research is legal (juridical normative) by understanding various sources. The primary is based on legislation, the secondary is based on book and journal studies, and the last is tertiary, based on dictionaries to find foreign languages that are difficult to understand.

A Stochastic Nash Equilibrium Problem for Medical Supply Competition

In this paper, we study the competition of healthcare institutions for medical supplies in emergencies caused by natural disasters. In particular, we develop a two-stage procurement planning model in a random environment. We consider a pre-event policy, in which each healthcare institution seeks to minimize the purchasing cost of medical items and the transportation time from the first stage, and a recourse decision process to optimize the expected overall costs and the penalty for the prior plan, in response to each disaster scenario. Thus, each institution deals with a two-stage stochastic programming model that takes into account the unmet demand at the first stage, and the consequent penalty. Then, the institutions simultaneously solve their own stochastic optimization problems and reach a stable state governed by the stochastic Nash equilibrium concept. Moreover, we formulate the problem as a variational inequality; both the discrete and the general probability distribution cases are described. We also present an alternative formulation using infinite-dimensional duality tools. Finally, we discuss some numerical illustrations applying the progressive hedging algorithm.

Packing placement method using hybrid genetic algorithm for segments of waste components in nuclear reactor decommissioning

As Kori unit 1 is undergoing the decommissioning process, estimating the disposal amount of waste from the decommissioned nuclear reactor has become one of the challenging issues. Since the waste disposal amount estimation depends on the packing of the waste, it is highly desirable to optimize the waste packing plan. In this study, we developed an efficient scheme for packing waste component segments. The scheme consists of 1) preparing three-dimensional models of segments, 2) orienting each segment in such a way to minimize the bounding box volume, and 3) applying hybrid genetic algorithm to pack the segments in the disposal containers. When the packing solution converges in the algorithm, it comes up with the number of containers used and the placement of segments in each container. The scheme was applied to Kori-1 reactor pressure vessel. The required number of containers calculated by the developed scheme was 24 compared to 42 that was the estimation of the prior packing plan, resulting in disposal volume savings by more than 40%. The developed method is flexible for applications to various packing problems with waste segments from different cutting options and different sizes of containers.

Логистические транспортные системы России в условиях новых санкций

Objective: To present an analytical review of the state and transformation of Russia logistic transport systems in the conditions of new sanctions of West countries as of March 2022, including analysis of modern conditions of their functioning. Methods: Method of analytic review of world market state, transport logistics and on its background — specificities of Russian logistic transport system development. Results: Analysis of impacting risks, factors and trends of logistic transport systems has allowed to establish development key vectors of domestic logistic transport systems in the conditions of West sanctions as well as to formulate functional specificities of Russia transport logistic system and Russia positions in the world in the near future. Practical importance: Market analytical review for transport-logistic service in the conditions of geopolitical situation change has been made. It’s been established that deglobalization has become a new reality for transport-logistic systems. Measures for a prior action plan to provide for Russian economy development in the conditions of external sanction pressure ‘re characterized. Typology of variants for reaction of market key players on “logistic storm” factors is given. Upon research total, potential oblique of logistic transport system as of March 2022 is formulated.

The form and function of joint attention within joint action

ABSTRACT Joint attention is an everyday phenomenon in which two or more individuals attend to an object, event process or property in the presence of each other, such that their attention to that object is to some degree intertwined with the other’s attention to it. This paper argues that joint attention has the normative role of enabling subjects to coordinate their actions in a way that would contribute to the rational execution of a joint action in accordance with a prior shared plan or shared intention. This understanding of the normative function of joint attention underpins a particular understanding of the nature of joint attention: what I shall call Rich Relationalism. Rich Relationalism argues for the view that joint attention acts as an epistemically significant interface between the world, other people, and their background plans and concepts. It understands joint attention as an object-dependent, conceptually structured, token experiential state that is shared by two (or more) people. It can be contrasted with non-relational (i.e., Representational or Enactivist) accounts of joint attention on the one hand, and Lean Relationalist accounts on the other (such as John Campbell’s influential account).

Personal resilience of first-year, alternatively certified agriscience teachers

A wide range of challenges continues to exist in delivering school-based agricultural education (SBAE) programs. Among the most pressing challenges are the recruitment and retention of high-quality agriculture teachers (Guffey & Young, 2020). Teacher educators and researchers in SBAE are tasked with meeting the nationwide demand for teachers, while also better understanding the status of alternatively certified agriculture teachers (Foster et al., 2020). This study explored the challenges, coping strategies, and personal resilience of first-year agriscience teachers in Florida who held a temporary teaching certificate. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, seven alternatively certified Florida agriculture teachers were interviewed. The personal resilience framework developed by Hoopes (2017) guided this study, as researchers examined alternatively certified teachers’ experiences and responses to challenges in their teaching. Emergent themes included prior plans to teach, overwhelming expectations, supportive networks, aspects of resilience, and feelings of motivation and inspiration. This study highlights the need for proactive professional development and support systems for first-year, alternatively certified agriculture teachers.

Multi-center planning study of radiosurgery for intracranial metastases through Automation (MC-PRIMA) by crowdsourcing prior web-based plan challenge study

BackgroundPlanning radiosurgery to multiple intracranial metastases is complex and shows large variability in dosimetric quality among planners and treatment planning systems (TPS). This project aimed to determine whether autoplanning using the Muliple Brain Mets (AutoMBM) software can improve plan quality and reduce inter-planner variability by crowdsourcing results from prior international planning study. MethodsTwenty-four institutions autoplanned with AutoMBM on a five metastases case from a prior international planning competition from which population statistics (means and variances) of 23 dosimetric metrics and resulting composite plan score (maximum score = 150) of other TPS (Eclipse, Monaco, RayStation, iPlan, GammaPlan, MultiPlan) were crowdsourced. Plan results of AutoMBM and each of the other TPS were compared using two sample t-tests for means and Levene’s tests for variances. Plan quality of AutoMBM was correlated with the planner’ experience and compared between academic and non-academic centers. ResultsAutoMBM produced plans with comparable composite plan score to GammaPlan, MultiPlan, Eclipse and iPlan (127.6 vs. 131.7 vs. 127.3 vs. 127.3 and 126.7; all p > 0.05) and superior to Monaco and RayStation (118.3 and 108.6; both p < 0.05). Inter-planner variability of overall plan quality was lowest for AutoMBM among all TPS (all p < 0.05). AutoMBM’s plan quality did not differ between academic and non-academic centers and uncorrelated with planning experience (all p > 0.05). ConclusionsBy plan crowdsourcing prior international plan challenge, AutoMBM produces high and consistent plan quality independent of the planning experience and the institution that is crucial to addressing the technical bottleneck of SRS to intracranial metastases.

Treatment patterns, persistence with therapy, and outcomes of ustekinumab in Crohn's disease: Real-world data analysis.

Background and AimIn 2017, ustekinumab (UST) was included in Israel's National Basket of Health Services for treatment of biologic‐experienced Crohn's disease (CD) patients with moderately to severely active disease. This study aims to provide real‐world evidence on persistence and clinical outcomes among early users of UST.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS; 2.5‐million‐member state‐mandated health provider, Israel). Adult patients with a CD diagnosis code who had ≥1 dispensed UST prescription in 2017–2018 and at least 12 months of prior continuous health plan enrollment were included. Outcomes, including treatment discontinuation, dose‐escalation (based on shortened intervals between purchases), CD‐related surgery, CD‐related hospitalization, corticosteroid (CS) discontinuation, and use of opioids were evaluated from the date of first dispensed UST through the end of 2019 using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 162 eligible patients (81 [49.4%] female; median age 34.4 years [IQR 23.2–46.3]; median years since CD diagnosis 8.6 [IQR 4·8–16.0]) were enrolled in the study. Discontinuation rate after 365 and 540 days of follow‐up was 27.8% and 35.6%. Dose escalation was estimated at 15.4% and 28.6%, respectively. The first‐year cumulative rate of CD‐related surgery and CD‐related hospitalization were estimated at 4.7% and 9.8%, respectively.ConclusionIn this real‐world CD cohort of UST users, results suggest persistence is relatively high as compared to other biologics for CD. Comparative effectiveness of different biologic treatments for CD in this population should be further explored.

An algorithm for thoracic re-irradiation using biologically effective dose: a common language on how to treat in a \u201cno-treat zone\u201d

BackgroundRe-irradiation (re-RT) is a technically challenging task for which few standardized approaches exist. This is in part due to the lack of a common platform to assess dose tolerance in relation to toxicity in the re-RT setting. To better address this knowledge gap and provide new tools for studying and developing thresholds for re-RT, we developed a novel algorithm that allows for anatomically accurate three-dimensional mapping of composite biological effective dose (BED) distributions from nominal doses (Gy).MethodsThe algorithm was designed to automatically convert nominal dose from prior treatment plans to corresponding BED value maps (voxel size 2.5 mm3 and α/β of 3 for normal tissue, BED3). Following the conversion of each plan to a BED3 dose distribution, deformable registration was used to create a summed composite re-irradiation BED3 plan for each patient who received two treatments. A proof-of-principle analysis was performed on 38 re-irradiation cases of initial stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) followed by either re-SABR or chemoradiation for isolated locoregional recurrence of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.ResultsEvaluation of the algorithm-generated maps revealed appropriate conversion of physical dose to BED at each voxel. Of 14 patients receiving repeat SABR, there was one case each of grade 3 chest wall pain (7%), pneumonitis (7%), and dyspnea (7%). Of 24 patients undergoing repeat fractionated radiotherapy, grade 3 events were limited to two cases each of pneumonitis and dyspnea (8%). Composite BED3 dosimetry for each patient who experienced grade 2–3 events is provided and may help guide development of precise cumulative dose thresholds for organs at risk in the re-RT setting.ConclusionsThis novel algorithm successfully created a voxel-by-voxel composite treatment plan using BED values. This approach may be used to more precisely examine dosimetric predictors of toxicities and to establish more accurate normal tissue constraints for re-irradiation.

The impact of time management on job performance – An applied study on the employees of the big brother company and electricity –: أثر إدارة الوقت على الأداء الوظيفي – دراسة تطبيقية على منسوبي شركة الشقيق للمياه والكهرباء –

The study aimed to identify the effect of time management on job performance in Al-Shuqaiq Water and Electricity Company, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach, and the study sample consisted of (82) employees, and the questionnaire was designed as a tool for the study to obtain data. A set of results, the most prominent of which were: the existence of an effect of time management on the performance of the employees of the Shuqaiq Water and Electricity Company, where the arithmetic average was (3.72) and the standard deviation (0.60), and the presence of a positive effect of time utilization among the employees of the Shuqaiq Water and Electricity Company, where the arithmetic average was (4.08). And the standard deviation (0.66), and the presence of a statistically significant effect at a level less than 0.05 between time management and job performance in the brother water and electricity company, and it also showed that the employees of the company realize the importance of completing work on time, and the presence of a statistically significant effect at a level less than 0.05 Between the effect of time use and job performance, the results showed that there are statistically significant differences about the effect of time management on job performance due to the age variable, and there are no statistically significant differences about the effect of time management on The job performance refers to the two variables, academic qualification and years of experience. The study recommended a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which are: the need for the volume of work to be commensurate with the official working hours, as well as the necessity of providing the means and techniques that help workers accomplish the tasks assigned to them efficiently, and the need to educate workers and urge them to set up prior plans for the work that they will undertake.

JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL ACTORS PREMEDITATED MURDER (CASE STUDY DECISION NUMBER 51/PID.B/2019/PN.TBH)

Currently in social life, it is undeniable that crime can occur anytime, anywhere, and is experienced by anyone. Many factors can influence the occurrence of crime. Every crime focuses on the perpetrators of crimes or criminals, while the victims of crimes seem to be forgotten. In the Criminal Code, murder is included in the category of crimes against life which is specifically regulated in Chapter XIX of the Criminal Code which consists of 13 articles, namely Article 338 of the Criminal Code up to Article 350 of the Criminal Code. Premeditated murder is a form of crime against life as regulated in Article 340 of the Criminal Code. Premeditated murder is an act that is done intentionally with a prior plan to kill another person. The problem in this research is what elements influence the occurrence of the crime of premeditated murder and how is the judge's consideration of Decision Number 51/Pid.B/2019/PN.Tbh regarding the crime of premeditated murder. This research uses normative law research which consists of research on legal principles, legal systematics, legal history and comparative law research. The approach method used in this research is the legal approach, the case approach, and the conceptual approach. The results of this study are how the judge's consideration in deciding a case and whether the decision is correct or not.

Evaluation of alternative parameter settings for dose restoration and full plan adaptation in IMPT for prostate cancer.

Intensity-modulated proton therapy is highly sensitive to anatomical variations. A dose restoration method and a full plan adaptation method have been developed earlier, both requiring several parameter settings. This study evaluates the validity of the previously selected settings by systematically comparing them to alternatives. The dose restoration method takes a prior plan and uses an energy-adaptation followed by a spot-intensity re-optimization to restore the plan to its initial state. The full adaptation method uses an energy-adaptation followed by the addition of new spots and a spot-intensity optimization to fit the new anatomy. We varied: 1) The margins and robustness settings of the prior plan, 2) the spot-addition sample size, i.e. the number of added spots, 3) the spot-addition stopping criterion, and 4) the spot-intensity optimization approach. The last three were evaluated only for the full plan adaptation. Evaluations were done on 88 CT scans of 11 prostate cancer patients. Dose was prescribed as 55Gy(RBE) to the lymph nodes and seminal vesicles with a boost to 74Gy(RBE) to the prostate. For the dose restoration method, changing the applied CTV-to-PTV margins and plan robustness in the prior plans yielded insufficient target coverage or increased OAR doses. For the full plan adaptation, more spot-addition iterations and using a different optimization approach resulted in lower OAR doses compared to the default settings while maintaining target coverage. However, the calculation times increased by up to 20 times, making these variations infeasible for online-adaptation. We recommend maintaining the default setting for the dose restoration approach. For the full plan adaptation we recommend to focus on fine-tuning the optimization-parameters, and apart from this using the default settings.

Artificial intelligence applications in intensity modulated radiation treatment planning: an overview.

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to methods that improve and automate challenging human tasks by systematically capturing and applying relevant knowledge in these tasks. Over the past decades, a number of approaches have been developed to address different types and needs of system intelligence ranging from search strategies to knowledge representation and inference to robotic planning. In the context of radiation treatment planning, multiple AI approaches may be adopted to improve the planning quality and efficiency. For example, knowledge representation and inference methods may improve dose prescription by integrating and reasoning about the domain knowledge described in many clinical guidelines and clinical trials reports. In this review, we will focus on the most studied AI approach in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)/volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-machine learning (ML) and describe our recent efforts in applying ML to improve the quality, consistency, and efficiency of IMRT/VMAT planning. With the available high-quality data, we can build models to accurately predict critical variables for each step of the planning process and thus automate and improve its outcomes. Specific to the IMRT/VMAT planning process, we can build models for each of the four critical components in the process: dose-volume histogram (DVH), Dose, Fluence, and Human Planner. These models can be divided into two general groups. The first group focuses on encoding prior experience and knowledge through ML and more recently deep learning (DL) from prior clinical plans and using these models to predict the optimal DVH (DVH prediction model), or 3D dose distribution (dose prediction model), or fluence map (fluence map model). The goal of these models is to reduce or remove the trial-and-error process and guarantee consistently high-quality plans. The second group of models focuses on mimicking human planners' decision-making process (planning strategy model) during the iterative adjustments/guidance of the optimization engine. Each critical step of the IMRT/VMAT treatment planning process can be improved and automated by AI methods. As more training data becomes available and more sophisticated models are developed, we can expect that the AI methods in treatment planning will continue to improve accuracy, efficiency, and robustness.

Salt Lake City International Airport undergoes master planning on the heels of expansion

While Salt Lake City International Airport (SLC) was undergoing a US$4bn airport redevelopment programme — its largest terminal and landside infrastructure improvement since opening — the Salt Lake City Department of Airports (SLCDA) chose to update the Airport’s Master Plan at the same time. The strategy enabled the Airport to have a new development plan in place as implementation of its prior implementation plan was completed, ensuring Airport facilities are ready for growing passenger, cargo and general aviation demand. Even with the addition of the new 78-gate terminal facility, SLC has land to add another concourse with more gates and could build additional runways to serve more airplane operations. However, the Airport is located in a valley surrounded by mountainous terrain that limits the capacity of the airspace. SLCDA worked with RS&amp;H on the Master Plan to carefully evaluate the relationship between the airfield and airspace to identify a plan to maximise the Airport’s ability to meet future demand within the constraints of the Airport’s location. The SLC Master Plan analyses future demand to ensure facilities can efficiently meet the needs of the travelling public and airline operations. It prepares the airport to strategically build new facilities to meet demand in an affordable and sustainable manner so that SLC passengers face minimal delays in their air travel. In this paper, you will learn about how SLC officials and the RS&amp;H team worked together to ask the right questions, research the intricacies of SLC’s airspace and developed a new master plan for the airport that carries on more than 20 years’ worth of planning.

The Association Between Use of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer and Treatment Completion

While hypofractionated (HF) radiation therapy (RT) is recognized as a suitable treatment for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer, it is not yet the standard of care. As HF RT requires the patient to attend fewer appointments, it is potentially easier for patients to complete than conventional fractionation (CF) RT. Since noncompletion of RT has been shown to lead to inferior outcomes, use of HF RT may be a way to increase treatment adherence. This study examines whether there is a difference in treatment completion rates for HF RT versus CF RT in the context of prostate cancer.Radiation therapy order data from a prior authorization program and health plan claims data were extracted. The data related to patients belonging to commercial and Medicare Advantage health plans from a national organization. The patients included had early-stage prostate cancer, had not had prostatectomy, were not receiving palliative care, had no prior prostate cancer RT orders, and received their order for RT between July 1st, 2016 and September 30th, 2019. Orders were categorized as HF if they were authorized for 5 to 28 fractions of RT, and CF if they were authorized for 29 to 48 fractions. Each RT order was assigned a target date for completion, and completion was assessed on the basis of whether the patient had received the number of fractions authorized by that date. Patients with orders for 5 fractions were considered to have completed treatment if they received 3+ fractions, as these were stereotactic body RT regimens that are adjusted based upon treatment response. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between the authorized regimen and completion. A multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the same, after controlling for age, urbanicity, the median income of the patient's home ZIP code, if the order was placed at a hospital, and if the ordering facility's name suggested an academic affiliation. Finally, a multivariate logistic regression was used to assess whether any of the control variables were associated with the authorization of a HF regimen.Of the 936 orders included, 309 (33.0%) were for HF and 627 (67.0%) were for CF. The completion rate significantly (P < 0.01) differed between the groups; 64.7% (200/309) for HF orders and 55.8% (350/627) for CF orders. Multivariate analysis found HF orders were significantly associated with treatment completion, relative to CF orders; 1.49 (95% CI: 1.12-1.99) adjusted odds. None of the other covariates were significantly associated with completion. Patients had significantly higher odds of having an order for HF if they came from a < $40,000 median income ZIP code (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.01-1.93), or if the site of service at which the order was placed was a hospital (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.26-2.42).Patients with orders for HF regimens completed their RT more frequently than patients with orders for CF regimens. The potential for greater treatment adherence should be considered as a possible benefit of HF.

Knowledge-based radiation treatment planning: A data-driven method survey.

This paper surveys the data‐driven dose prediction methods investigated for knowledge‐based planning (KBP) in the last decade. These methods were classified into two major categories—traditional KBP methods and deep‐learning (DL) methods—according to their techniques of utilizing previous knowledge. Traditional KBP methods include studies that require geometric or anatomical features to either find the best‐matched case(s) from a repository of prior treatment plans or to build dose prediction models. DL methods include studies that train neural networks to make dose predictions. A comprehensive review of each category is presented, highlighting key features, methods, and their advancements over the years. We separated the cited works according to the framework and cancer site in each category. Finally, we briefly discuss the performance of both traditional KBP methods and DL methods, then discuss future trends of both data‐driven KBP methods to dose prediction.

Prior pars plana vitrectomy and its association with adverse intraoperative events during cataract surgery.

To evaluate the risk of intraoperative complications during cataract surgery in eyes with a prior vitrectomy. A retrospective review of data from our cataract surgery registry of all patients undergoing cataract surgery between 2014 and 2018 at the University of Colorado Hospital. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted, accounting for intra-patient correlation in subjects who underwent two cataract surgeries. The three main outcomes of interest, zonulopathy, posterior capsule (PC) tears and dropped lens fragments, were analysed for their association with prior pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and clinical characteristics of patients such as history of prior intravitreal injection and surgeon level of experience. 10 540 eyes of 6447 patients were included in the analysis. 371 (3.5%) eyes had a prior PPV. Eyes with a prior PPV experienced more zonulopathy during cataract surgery (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-3.7, p = 0.002). Combined phacoemulsification/PPV were significantly more likely to experience all 3 complications, and this effect was even greater for eyes with a prior PPV. All complications were rare; however, there was a significant association with prior PPV and intraoperative zonulopathy. Cataract surgeons must be aware of a patient's prior vitrectomy and plan accordingly for the increased risk of intraoperative complications.

Crisis management practices in the hospitality and gambling industry during COVID-19

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine crisis management practices among gambling-related hospitality business stakeholders (GBSs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was administered to a sample of GBSs resulting in 64 completed surveys. The survey explored the COVID-19 crisis using a three-phase framework: preparedness (prior experience and response plans), response (level of importance and use of crisis practices) and future (confidence in recovery, beliefs about consumer behavior and new strategies). Independent-samples t-tests were conducted to investigate the influence of preparedness variables on crisis management capabilities. Importance-Performance Analysis was used to evaluate GBSs' crisis management capabilities and identify where performance might be improved. Factor analyses were employed to explore groupings of response practices as well as future strategies.FindingsPrior experience had a significant impact on GBSs' crisis management. IPA indicated gaps between the importance GBSs assign to response practices and their corresponding level of use, specifically for those related to marketing and government. Factor analysis revealed response practices did not group according to the questionnaire's four themes, instead, three themes of marketing, efficiency and expenses were revealed. Prevention and hygiene emerged as dominant themes with respect to future strategies.Originality/valueThis is a timely study that investigates crisis management among GBSs during the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides important methodological contributions as well as valuable practical considerations for gambling-related hospitality businesses.

A Web-based Dose-volume Histogram Dashboard for Library-based Individualized Dose-constraints and Clinical Plan Evaluation.

Traditional methods of treatment planning and plan evaluation involve the use of generic dose-constraints. We aimed to build a web-based application to generate individualized dose-constraints and plan evaluation against a library of prior approved plan dose-volume histograms (DVH).A prototype was built for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for prostate cancer. Using exported DVH files from the Varian and Accuray treatment planning systems, a library of plan DVHs was built by data extraction. Given structure volumes of a patient to be planned, a web based application was built to derive individual dose-constraints of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OAR) based on achieved doses in a library of prior approved plans with similar anatomical volumes, selected using an interactive dashboard. A second web application was built to compare the achieved DVHs of the newly created plan against a library of plans of similar patients.These web application prototypes are a proof of principle that simple freely available tools can be built for library based planning and review.