Prior Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Research Articles

Surgical patterns of care of pancreatic cancer. A French population-based study

IntroductionSurgical resection is the standard recommended treatment in localized pancreatic cancer. The benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is still debated. The aim of this population-based study was to describe the pancreatic cancer surgical management. Material and methodsAn observational real-world study from the French Network of Cancer Registries sampled 638 pancreatic adenocarcinomas diagnosed in 2019. Characteristics of patients, tumours and recommended and administered treatments were collected. Operability of the patients and resectability of the tumours were described. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the probability of having surgical resection. ResultsAmong the 263 (41 %) patients with M0 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 202 patients (77 %) were considered operable and 157 (60 %) also had a tumour considered resectable. Upfront resection was recommended for 68 % and resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 32 % of these patients. Among operable patients with resectable tumour, 36 % underwent upfront R0 resection, and 15 % achieved R0 resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eventually, among M0 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, age over 80 years (OR≥80 years vs < 65 years: 0.16 [0.06–0.39], p < 0.001) and WHO performance status over 0 (OR1-2 vs 0: 0.43 [0.24–0.79], p = 0.013) decreased the odds of having resection. R0 surgical resection was achieved in 61 % of patients selected for upfront surgical recommendation, and 29 % of those selected for a prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ConclusionIn a non-selected population, one-third of patients with localized pancreatic cancer had a complete R0 surgical resection. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not achieve a resection rate similar to that of patients selected for upfront surgical indication.

Robotic-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Single-Center Analysis of Factors Impacting Clavien ≥ II Complications.

Despite the advent of robotics and the decreasing rate of complications after radical cystectomy, several factors are renowned to impair the early outcomes of this procedure. The aim of this paper is to provide a multivariate analysis (MVA) of patient and surgical procedure-related variables likely to affect postoperative course and 30-day complication rate. Fifty-five robotic-assisted radical cystectomies (RARCs) performed at a single center from July 2021 to March 2023 were enrolled. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship with Clavien ≥ II complications arising within 30 days of surgery. A postoperative Clavien ≥ II complication was evident in 15 patients (28%), whereas Clavien ≥ III occurred only in 5 (9%). At MVA, the only independent predictor of Clavien ≥ II complications was a prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 5.6; 95% CI 1.22-25.3, p = 0.026). Recognized the small sample size, patients who received a prior NAC should deserve special care within the postoperative course.

Effects of immune-enhancing nutrition on radical cystectomy outcomes: Primary results from the randomized phase III double-blind clinical trial (S1600).

4501 Background: SWOG S1600 was a randomized, double-blind, phase III trial comparing the impact of consuming Specialized IMmunonutrition (SIM) to oral nutritional support (ONS) on postoperative complications following radical cystectomy (RC). SIM is fortified with nutrients: L-arginine; omega-3 fatty acids; and dietary nucleotides. Methods: Patients with bladder carcinoma planning to undergo RC were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to SIM vs. ONS. The primary endpoint was any (≥Grade I) postoperative complication assessed by the Clavien-Dindo (CD) scale at Day 30 after RC. Multivariable logistic regression was used, adjusted for the stratification factors: diversion type (neobladder vs. ileal conduit), prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy (any vs. none), and baseline nutrition status (well-nourished vs. moderate malnutrition). Additional outcomes included 90-day complications and high-grade (CD ≥Grade III) complications. Two-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed; differences by arm were reported using Log-rank test statistics. Protocol-specified intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses based on all randomized patients and 1-sided alpha=.05 tests were performed. Results: Among N=203 enrolled patients (99 on SIM, 104 on ONS), median age was 68.8 years, 20% were female and 5% were Black. Five patients did not meet eligibility criteria (1 on SIM, 4 on ONS) but were included under the ITT design. Seventeen patients withdrew consent prior to their Day 30 assessment, and 8 patients were not assessed; thus, n=178 (90 on SIM, 88 on ONS) were evaluable at Day 30. The proportion of patients experiencing CD Grade ≥1 complications was 62.2% for SIM and 58.0% for ONS; in multivariable regression, there was no difference in Grade ≥1 complications by arm (OR=1.18, 95% CI, 0.64-2.18, 1-sided p=.71). There were no differences by arm in high-grade complications at Day 30, in any or high-grade complications at Day 90 or overall. To date, among all 203 patients, 17 on SIM and 26 on ONS have progressed or died, with 2-year PFS estimates of 77.2% and 68.3%, respectively (1-sided p=.16). Nine patients on SIM and 17 on ONS have died, with 2-year OS estimates of 87.4% and 78.2%, respectively (1-sided p=.07). Conclusions: There was no difference in any grade CD complications by type of nutritional supplement for patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC. Fewer patients on the SIM arm have progressed or died, although differences were not statistically significant; follow-up for survival will continue through 3-years after enrollment. Future work to understand the interaction of diet on cancers sensitive to immune modulation is needed. Clinical trial information: NCT03757949 .

Evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in HER2 low vs. HER2 negative breast cancer: An NCBD analysis.

599 Background: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) is an important treatment option for hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). Innovative ADCs targeting HER2 low tumors has sparked debate regarding the distinct nature of HER2 low tumors and whether it merits a unique treatment approach. With favorable outcomes in metastatic disease, there is interest in adopting similar strategies for early-stage treatment approaches. Methods: We examined the National Cancer Database for stage I-III ER-positive BC in women who underwent neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) from 2010 to 2017, for at least 90 days to a maximum of 270 days. Patients with prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy, other malignancies, HER2-positive disease by either IHC or FISH, metastatic disease, or unknown stage were excluded. HER2 status was grouped as negative or low per 2023 ASCO-CAP guidelines. Patients’ response to therapy included pathologic complete response (CR), partial pathologic response (PR), stable pathologic response, or progression in primary tumor at time of resection. We employed multivariable binomial logistic regression to examine how clinicopathologic factors influence the probability of any response (combining CR and PR) to neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Results: 3,808 patients met the inclusion criteria. 1,055 (27.8%) patients had HER2 negative disease, and 2,753 (72.2%) patients were HER2-low. 48 (1.2%) patients had primary tumor CR, and 1,484 (39%) had PR. Among HER2-low patients, 37 (1.3%) had pathologic CR, and 1,134 (41.1%) had PR. Among HER2-negative patients, 11 (1.0%) had pathologic CR, and 350 (33.1%) had PR. Multivariable logistic models revealed that age, duration of NET, and HER2 status were significant predictors of any response to NET. HER2-low tumors were more likely to have any response compared to HER2-negative (aOR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.34, p=0.04). Patients who received &gt;150 days of hormonal therapy were more likely to respond (aOR=1.33, 95% CI 1.16 - 1.52, p=&lt;0.001); patients &gt;50 years old were more likely to have any response (aOR=1.41, 95% CI 1.07 - 1.90, p=0.02). Clinical node positivity and tumor grade did not have significant effect on response to NET at time of resection. Conclusions: Our study offers a real-world estimate of outcomes associated with NET in localized BC. HER2 low tumors had greater significant clinical responses to NET when compared to HER2 negative, suggesting that HER2 low tumors may benefit from tailored treatment in the neoadjuvant setting. [Table: see text]

Prediction of pathological response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy using texture parameters of initial 18-FDG PET/CT in estrogen receptor positive/Her2 negative (ER+/HER2-) early breast cancer (eBC).

e12567 Background: ER+/HER2- phenotype represents 70% of eBC and is itself a heterogenic entity in which neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can be indicated. Early change in 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT, using standardized uptake value (SUV) parameter, has been shown as a predictive biomarker of response to NAC. However, this parameter can be defaulted in ER+/HER2- BC. The objective of this work was to evaluate the correlation of textural parameters of initial 18-FDG PET/CT with histologic response in ER+/HER2- eBC. Methods: All patients receiving NAC for ER+/HER2- eBC, with 18F-FDG PET/CT prior NAC at the Integrated Center for Oncology Pays de Loire were included between 2012 and 2023. Twenty-nine metabolic and volumetric parameters and 42 textural features (DOSISOFT software, Planet Onco v2.0) were collected. Pathological response was assessed for each breast tumoral lesion in case of multifocal disease. Results: A total of 161 patients with 179 lesions were included. Medium age was 51 years old. 89% and 10% of patients presented a cT1 or cT2 tumoral lesion, 78% with lymph node involvement, 44% with a grade 3 and 46% with a HER2 low status. 21% of patients achieved a pathological complete response in breast (ypT0) and 11% a complete histologic response (ypT0N0). Examinations were performed using three types of PET/CT systems (GE Healthcare and Philips Healthcare). In order to harmonize radiomics data Combat method was used. Thirteen semi-quantitative (MTV and SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVmean(EVPc), SUVpeak, TLG for weight-normalized and lean-body-mass-normalized, respectively) and 6 textural parameters (entropy, homogeneity, SRE, LRE, LGZE, and HGZE) were retained. For all radiomics features used in this study, no statistical difference was found between ypT0 and non-ypT0 patients (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: Selected textural parameters were not associated with histologic response in our cohort of ER+/HER2- eBC. However, many other textural features, not retained in this study because influenced by acquisition parameters and segmentation methods, could be taken into account. An ongoing preliminary work (as resampling, normalization) is needed to improve their robustness before evaluating their interest in predicting histologic response to NAC.

Abstract PO1-09-12: Cancer health disparities among patients with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer treated in public or private practices in Brazil

Abstract Background Cancer registries in Brazil are deficient and data about patients’ profiles and cancer treatment patterns are scarce in the country. Moreover, while 30% of population has access to private insurance, almost 70% of population uses publicly health services. The objective of this work was to describe the sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics of women with early-stage ER+ breast cancer on adjuvant ET in different regions of Brazil, and to describe treatment patterns for this disease according public and private institutions. Methodology: We performed a real-world data analysis in different institution regions of Brazil. Women with a history of early-stage ER+ invasive carcinoma of the breast on adjuvant endocrine therapy for at least 6 months were invited to participate of this study in 12 centers in four different regions in Brazil. Demographic and clinicopathologic information was retrieved from medical records. In order to compare healthcare insurance type, we considered patients who were treated under the Brazilian public health system as publicly insured, and women who had private insurance or paid for their treatment as privately insured. High education level was defined by completed high school. Data collection was done with RedCap software. Qualitative variables were compared between groups using the Chi-square or exact Chi-square test and for quantitative variables the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used. P &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Analyzes were performed in SAS 9.4; Results: From June 2021 to May 2023, a total of 461 women with ER+, early BC, were included in this analysis. A total of 233 (50.6%) came from private institutions, the mean age was 56.02 years (range 22-93), 47.69% were non-white, 61.3% were post-menopause, 61.7% lived with a partner, and 76.2% were highly educated and 66.81% had comorbidities. Tumor staging at diagnosis was classified as III, II and I respectively in 21.26%, 43.17% and 35.57% of all cases. Regarding treatment received, 62.4% of patients underwent lumpectomy, 32.2% had axillary dissection, 67.6% received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, 45.2% were on aromatase inhibitors and 14.19% were on ovarian function suppression plus ET . Median duration of ET use was 2.78 years (range 6 months- 9.61 years). Publicly health insurance was associated significantly associated with younger age at diagnosis (&amp;lt; 60 yo), premenopausal status, to live alone, lower educational level, more advanced tumors, prior mastectomy, prior axillary dissection, prior neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, prior radiotherapy, lower use of aromatase inhibitors, ovarian function suppression plus ET, and CDK4/6 inhibitors, while higher use of concomitant medications. Conclusion: The study shows significant health disparities among women with early-stage ER+ breast cancer treated in private versus public institutions in Brazil. Importantly, despite having more advanced tumors, women in public institution had less access to ovarian suppression, CDK4/6 inhibitors and were treated with more aggressive surgical procedures. A deep discussion involving government, lawmakers, health care providers and patients should be conducted to try to decrease the described disparities. Patient’s characteristic and patterns of treatment among patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer on adjuvant therapy according to health insurance in Brazil ALND: axillary lymph node dissection; CDK4/6i: CDK4/6 inhibitors; ET: endocrine therapy; OS: ovary suppression. Citation Format: Romualdo Barroso-Sousa, Daniele Assad-Suzuki, Danielle Santos, Fernanda Moura, Sulene Oliveira, Anna Luiza Galvão, Bruno Souza, Amanda Castro, Monalisa Andrade, Andrea Shimada, Yuri Beckedorff, Maria Cristina Magalhães, Cristiano Souza, Carlos Paiva, Heloísa Resende, Daniela Pereira, Angelica Rodrigues, Daniela Rosa. Cancer health disparities among patients with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer treated in public or private practices in Brazil [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-09-12.

PlasmaBlade versus Electrocautery for Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Harvesting in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Comparative Clinical Outcome Study.

(1) Background: DIEP-based breast reconstruction necessitates wide undermining at the abdominal donor site, creating large wound areas. Flap harvesting is usually conducted using electrosurgical dissection devices. This study sought to compare the clinical outcomes in patients after using the PEAK PlasmaBlade (PPB) versus monopolar electrocautery (MPE). (2) Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 128 patients with DIEP-based breast reconstruction. Patient characteristics and information on the postoperative course were collected and a comparative evaluation was conducted. (3) Results: The MPE group exhibited significantly (p* = 0.0324) higher abdominal drainage volume (351.11 ± 185.96 mL) compared to the PPB group (279.38 ± 183.38 mL). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that PPB significantly reduced postoperative wound fluid in patients with BMI > 30 kg/m2 (p* = 0.0284), without prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p** = 0.0041), and among non-smokers (p = 0.0046). Furthermore, postoperative pain was significantly (p**** < 0.0001) lower in the PPB cohort. (4) Conclusions: This study confirms the non-inferiority of the PEAK PlasmaBlade to conventional electrocautery for abdominal flap harvesting. The PPB demonstrated advantages, notably reduced drainage volume and lower postoperative pain levels. Recognizing patient subsets that benefit more from the PPB highlights the importance of personalized device selection based on patient characteristics.

Abstract 4630: Clinical and epidemiological profile of neuroendocrine differentiation- A hospital-based retrospective study

Abstract Background: Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in carcinomas is poorly studied globally, despite its distinct clinical features, disease progression, pathology, treatment outcomes, and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further analysis utilizing extensive clinical samples to unveil the clinical and epidemiological profile of NED. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the histopathological samples of patients diagnosed with malignant tumor using immunohistochemical techniques for NED markers, such as ChrA, Syno and CD56. The morbidity and prognosis of NED patient would be analyzed subsequently. Eligible patients must have pathologically confirmed gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer and prostate cancer with no prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy received before surgery. Patients aged 18-75 years with normal organ functions were enrolled. Results: Between January 2017 and June 2018, over 450 cases were enrolled. Preliminary analysis focused on 36 esophageal cancer (EC) and 44 prostatic cancer (PC) samples. NED markers were expressed in 4 (11.1%) of 36 EC patients, including 4 cases positive for Syno, 1 case positive for ChrA, and 2 cases positive for CD56. Meanwhile, NED markers were expressed in 15 (34.1%) of 44 PC patients, including 10 cases positive for Syno, 15 cases positive for ChrA, and 2 cases positive for CD56. Conclusion: Neuroendocrine differentiation is obviously observed in EC and PC. The encouraging prevalence rate of NED may have clinical implications for individualized treatment. Further research is needed to explore this area in more detail. Citation Format: Yaru Wen, Susheng Shi. Clinical and epidemiological profile of neuroendocrine differentiation- A hospital-based retrospective study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4630.

Survival outcomes seen with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of locally advanced inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) versus matched controls

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) poses an ongoing challenge as rates of disease recurrence and mortality remain high compared to stage-matched controls. However, frontline therapy has evolved through the years, including the widespread use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) given the prognostic importance of pathologic complete response (pCR). Due to these sweeping changes, we need new data to assess current recurrence and survival outcomes for locally advanced IBC in the context of matched non-inflammatory controls. We conducted a retrospective analysis of institutional IBC data from 2010 to 2016 with the primary objective of comparing overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and distant relapse-free survival (DRFS). We matched IBC patients to non-inflammatory controls based on age, receptor status, tumor grade, clinical stage, and receipt of prior NAC. Secondary objectives included assessing pCR rates and identifying prognostic factors. Among NAC recipients, we observed similar pCR rates (47.6 % vs. 49.4 %, p = 0.88) between IBC (n = 84) and matched non-IBC (n = 81) cohorts. However, we noted a significant worsening of OS (p = 0.0001), RFS (p = 0.0001), and DRFS (p = 0.001) in the IBC group. Specifically, 5-year OS in the IBC cohort was 58.9 % vs. 86.7 % for matched controls (p = 0.0003). Older age was a weak negative predictor for OS (HR 1.03, p = 0.001) and RFS (HR 1.02, p = 0.01). For DRFS, older age was also a weak negative predictor (HR 1.02, p = 0.02), whereas the use of NAC was a positive predictor (HR 0.47, p = 0.02). Despite no clear difference in pCR, survival outcomes remain poor for IBC compared to matched non-inflammatory controls.

Feasibility of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients with Axillary Conversion after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-A Single-Tertiary Centre Experience and Review of the Literature.

(1) Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is widely used in breast cancer patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), replacing axillary lymph node dissection. While commonly accepted for cN0 patients, its role in cN1/2 patients remains controversial. Our study aims to investigate the role of SLNB in BC patients who underwent prior NAC and compare our results to those of other studies presented in the literature. (2) Materials and methods: Our retrospective study included 102 breast cancer patients who received NAC before 99mTc-albumin Nanocolloid SLN mapping and SLNB was performed, completed or not with axillary dissection. A review based on the PRISMA statement was also carried out, encompassing 20 studies. (3) Results: The lymphoscintigraphy performed after the administration of NAC presented an identification rate (IR) of 93.13%. IR for SLNB was 94.11%, with a false-negative rate (FNR) of 7.4%. After a median follow-up of 31.3 months, we obtained a distant disease-free survival rate of 98%. The results obtained by other groups were similar to those of our study, presenting IR in the range 80.8-96.8%, with FNR varying from 0 to 22%. (4) Conclusions: on conclusion, SLNB can accurately determine the lymph node status, with an acceptable FNR and maintain its expected prognostic role with low recurrence rates, and our results are comparable to those obtained by other studies.

Tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in molecular breast cancer subtypes in Medellin, Colombia. Retrospective cohort study

To describe the frequency of clinical and pathological response in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, in patients receiving prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Descriptive retrospective cohort. The study population consisted of women 18 years of age and older with a histological diagnosis of invasive breast cancer stages IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IIIC, with a classification by molecular subtypes, who had received prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy, seen at a high complexity clinic in Medellin (Colombia), between July 1, 2017, and July 30, 2019. We measured age clinical stage, histological characteristics, molecular classification, and complete clinical and pathological responses by molecular subtype. A descriptive analysis was conducted. Overall, 255 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 55.2 years; the clinical stages with the highest prevalence were IIIB (28.6 %) and IIB (26.3 %), and the most frequent by histologic grading were grades 3 (48.2 %) and 2 (37.3 %). Frequency by molecular types was as follows: luminal A (10.2 %), HER2-negative luminal B (39.6 %), triple-negative (23.1%), HER2-positive luminal B (13.7 %), and pure HER2 (13.3 %). Complete clinical response following chemotherapy, by molecular type, was as follows: luminal A (26.9 %), HER2-negative luminal B (37.6 %), HER2-positive luminal B (48.6 %), pure HER2 (41.2 %), triple-negative (45.8 %). Complete pathological response by molecular subtype was achieved in the luminal A (19.2 %), HER2-negative luminal B (32.7 %), HER2-positive luminal B (54.3 %), pure HER2 (50 %) and triple-negative (42.4 %) subtypes. In clinical practice, breast cancer classification by molecular subtypes is a means to approach the assess the to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prospective studies are needed in the region in order to determine the ability to predict overall and disease-free survival based on the complete pathologic response.

Influence of hormone therapy timing intake on disease free survival (DFS) for patients with high-risk early breast cancer: Results of the UCBG-UNIRAD phase III randomized trial.

546 Background: Circadian rhythms regulate the cellular and molecular processes that determine treatment effects. Scarce data suggest that daily timing could influence endocrine therapy (ET) pharmacology. We prospectively tested this hypothesis within the UNIRAD adjuvant phase III trial (NCT01805271) in patients (pts) with hormone receptors positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC). Methods: Between June 2013 and March 2020, 1,278 pts with high-risk HR+/HER2- primary BC were randomly assigned to adjuvant ET combined with EVE or placebo. Pts were stratified according to lymph node involvement, progesterone receptor status, ET (tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (AI)), prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, and duration of ET before randomization. Throughout their participation in the trial, patients were asked to declare prospectively in a daily diary the timing of ET intake within four 6-h slots (06:00 to11:59 (morning), 12:00 to 17:59 (afternoon), 18:00 to 23:59 (evening), or 24:00 to 05:59 (night). The prognostic impact of the timing of ET and EVE/placebo on DFS was a prespecified secondary endpoint. Results: A total of 855 patients (67%) recorded ET intake daily timings (n = 401 in the EVE arm, n = 454 in the placebo arm). Morning intake was preferred by 465 pts (54%), whilst 344 pts (40%) chose evening intake, and minor proportions took ET in the afternoon (49 patients, 5%) or at night (5 patients, 1%). Pts choosing morning or afternoon intake were significantly older than those preferring evening or night intakes (mean age: morning: 56.4 y.o.; afternoon: 58.4 y.o; evening: 53.1 y.o ; night : 50.8 y.o.; p &lt; 0.001). Only 10 patients (1.1%) reported changing ET timing during the study. With a median follow-up of 72.5 months, 118 patients relapsed (locally n = 30, metastases n = 84), and 41 patients died. In the whole population, ET intake timing was not associated with DFS (HR 0.77 [95%CI, 0.53-1.12], p = 0.17). ET intake timing effects according to the stratification factors revealed a significant interaction between its prognostic impact and ET agent (tamoxifen versus AI, p for interaction = 0.01). DFS was prolonged in those pts taking tamoxifen in the evening/night rather than in the morning/afternoon (HR = 0.43 [0.22 - 0.85], p = 0.015), while no such effect was found for those on AI (HR = 1.07 [0.68 - 1.7], p = 0.761). Such interaction remained statistically significant at multivariate analysis (HR 0.38, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Tamoxifen intake in the evening was associated with an improved DFS in high-risk HR+/HER2- breast cancer pts and could be recommended at no cost in the adjuvant setting. Clinical trial information: NCT01805271 .

Real-world outcomes with adjuvant nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAIs) vs tamoxifen (TAM) in patients with hormone receptor−positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2−negative (HR+/HER2−) early breast cancer (EBC): A US database analysis.

542 Background: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) meta-analysis data have shown a significantly greater disease-free survival (DFS) benefit with aromatase inhibitors than TAM in patients with HR+/HER2− EBC. Here we compare real-world outcomes in patients with HR+/HER2− EBC who received adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) with NSAIs or TAM. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of ConcertAI’s deidentified electronic medical records data set of patients treated at US academic and community oncology clinics from January 1, 1995 to April 30, 2021. The cohort included patients with stage II-III (if IIIB or IIIC, confirmation was required on residual tumor status) HR+/HER2− EBC who underwent surgery and initiated adjuvant ET (excluding those who switched classes of ET); ovarian function suppression (OFS) was permitted. Menopausal status was determined using age (≥ 50 years) as a proxy for undocumented status. Invasive DFS (IDFS; risk of disease recurrence, death, or second primary tumor), distant DFS (DDFS; risk of distant recurrence, death, or second primary tumor), and overall survival (OS; risk of death) were assessed and defined as the time interval between start of ET and first event. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, stage, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the ET cohort. Results: Of the total 3133 patients analyzed, 2507 were included in this analysis (NSAI ± OFS, n = 1854; TAM ± OFS, n = 653). Among these patients, the median (range) age was 59.5 (22.8-86.6) years, 25.4% were premenopausal, and 56.2% had tumor node involvement. The mean (SD) time to ET discontinuation was 46.2 (35.9) months overall and was similar between the NSAI and TAM cohorts. Reasons for ET discontinuation were undocumented or missing from the database for 76.8% of patients. Multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested a significant risk reduction with NSAIs vs TAM, with a 17% reduction in risk of an IDFS event (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.69-0.98]) and an 18% reduction in risk of a DDFS event (HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69-0.98]). Although there were few events, OS analysis suggested a numerical trend favoring NSAIs over TAM, with a 12% reduction in risk of death (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.69-1.13]). Conclusions: This real-world data analysis revealed a reduction in risk of IDFS and DDFS events with adjuvant NSAIs vs TAM in patients with HR+/HER2− EBC. Collectively, RCT and real-world data demonstrate greater benefit with adjuvant NSAIs vs TAM with respect to risk of recurrence in this patient population.

Abstract P4-02-18: Impact of clonal hematopoiesis on disease progression following CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy

Abstract Background Clonal Hematopoiesis (CH) is a well-established risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and progression to hematologic malignancies. The presence of CH has been shown to adversely impact overall survival in non-hematologic cancers, however whether CH modulates response to specific therapies in breast cancer is not known. Here we investigate the impact of CH mutations on disease progression in patients with metastatic estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer undergoing treatment with first line CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy (CDK4/6i+ET). Methods We analyzed data from a well annotated cohort of patients with ER+ breast cancer who received endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors. All patients underwent prospective tumor and matched WBC sequencing utilizing the MSK-IMPACT assay. CH variants were detected in blood samples utilizing the well-validated variant detection and filtration pipeline of MSK-IMPACT. CH mutations were defined as putative drivers (CH-PD) or non-putative drivers (CH) as previously described. To ensure the presence of CH at the time of therapy initiation, only patients who had CH sampling performed from 6 months before through 4 months after initiation of CDK4/6i+ET were included. We compared progression free survival (PFS) in patients with and without CH, as well as by CH-PD status and DNMT3A CH mutations. We investigated clinical covariates including type of endocrine therapy, receipt of prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, and age at start of CDK4/6i+ET. Results The final cohort was comprised of 378 patients, of whom 135 (35.7%) had CH. The median time between sample collection and CDK4/6i+ET initiation was 0 (IQR -0.79 to 0.47 months). Patients with CH were older at time of therapy initiation (median 63.0 versus 54.7 years, p &amp;lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of endocrine therapy (aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant), prior chemotherapy, and time from CH sample collection to CDK4/6i+ET start. Univariate Cox-proportional hazard analysis did not reveal a difference between progression free survival and overall CH (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.75 – 1.23, p = 0.76), CH-PD (HR 1.05, 0.77 – 1.43, p = 0.77), or DNMT3A mutations (HR 1.12, 0.80 – 1.60, p = 0.52) compared to patients without CH. Interestingly, age less than 60 years was found to be associated with PFS outcome (univariate HR 1.57, 1.22 – 2.01, p = 0.0004). Multivariate analysis adjusted for endocrine therapy partner and age at CDK4/6i+ET therapy did not reveal an association between outcome and overall CH (HR 1.07, 0.83 – 1.39, p = 0.59). In patients younger than age 60, presence of overall CH did not confer a significant PFS difference (HR 0.90, 0.63 – 1.29, p = 0.57). In the subset of patients older than 60 (n = 168) presence of CH conferred numerically, but not statistically, significant shorter PFS (HR 1.41 [0.96 – 2.09], p = 0.08). In this population, CH-PD conferred a shorter PFS (HR 1.75, 1.12 – 2.72, p = 0.02). Conclusion We found that CH, CH-PD and DNMT3A CH mutations did not affect PFS among metastatic ER+ breast cancer patients treated with first line CDK4/6 inhibitors. Younger age was associated with increased risk of progression, warranting further investigation. In the subset of patients with age older than 60, CH-PD conferred a shorter PFS. Further data, incorporating records of dose reductions, will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jacqueline Tao, Pablo Sanchez Vela, Anton Safonov, Emanuela Ferraro, Sebastia Franch Exposito, Kamal Menghrajani, Ryan Ptashkin, Elizabeth Comen, Lior Z. Braunstein, Mark E. Robson, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Jorge Reis-Filho, Michael Berger, Ahmet Zehir, Larry Norton, Ross Levine, Pedram Razavi. Impact of clonal hematopoiesis on disease progression following CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-18.

Concurrent Olaparib with Radiotherapy in Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Final Results of the RADIOPARP Phase 1 Trial

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Preclinical studies have demonstrated that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors when used as radiosensitizers. Combining PARP-inhibitors with radiotherapy in TNBC patients may consequently enhance the biological effectiveness of the irradiation ultimately leading to improved locoregional control. We aimed to establish the appropriate dosing and safety profile of Olaparib used as a radiosensitizer in combination with radiotherapy in TNBC patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> RADIOPARP (NCT03109080) was a prospective phase I dose-escalation trial establishing the tolerance profile of Olaparib combined with breast radiotherapy in high-risk early TNBC patients. Inclusion criteria were resected TNBC with non-complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or unresectable TNBC despite prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Olaparib was started seven days before irradiation and continued during radiotherapy. A time-to-event continual reassessment method was used to increase Olaparib through four increasing dose levels (50mg, 100mg, 150mg or 200mg twice a day) with a 25% maximum probability rate of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). Radiotherapy delivered 50 Gy to the breast or the chest wall, with or without lymph node irradiation. Toxicities were graded according to CTCAE (version 4.03). Homologous recombination (HR) proficiency status was genetically determined based on shallow whole genome sequencing. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-four TNBC patients were enrolled between 09/2017 and 11/2019. Olaparib was escalated to 200 mg twice a day without DLT and the MTD was not reached. With a median follow-up of 34 months, no late treatment-related grade ≥ 3 toxicity was observed, and the maximum observed treatment-related toxicities were limited to grade 2 breast pain (n=2), fibrosis (n=2), deformity (n=1) and telangiectasia (n=1). Three-year OS and EFS were 83% [95% CI: 70%-100%] and 68% [51%-91%], respectively. HR proficiency status was not associated with OS and EFS. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Olaparib used as a radiosensitizer in combination with breast radiotherapy in TNBC patients was well-tolerated. The MTD was not reached, and no significant late toxicity was reported. For future trials evaluating the anti-tumor efficacy of this combination, an Olaparib dose of 200 mg twice a day should be considered.

522. CAN PREHABILITATION IMPROVE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS DURING NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ESOPHAGOGASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA?

Abstract Prehabilitation is designed to improve patients’ functional capacity prior to operation in order to better withstand stress of surgery and therefore improve patients’ postoperative outcomes. It is not known whether prehabilitation of patients with esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EGA) can also improve patients’ centred outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether prehabilitation can lead to better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment for EGA. Patients enrolled into a prospective home-based prehabilitation study (ChemoFit) during NAC for EGA had their HRQoL measured using validated EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OG25 questionnaires prior NAC and prior to surgery (post-NAC). ChemoFit patients were compared with historical cohort (NO-PREHAB) which did not undergo prehabilitation and which had their HRQoL assessed in the same way during identical time points. Prehabilitation consisted of daily aerobic sessions with step-count target and daily strengthening exercises, under weekly telephone supervision. Mann U Whitney test was used for statistical comparison. There were 31 patients in ChemoFit group and 24 patients in NO-PREHAB cohort. Statistically significant intergroup differences were observed for scores of global quality of life (mean score difference ChemoFit +12.9 vs NO-PREHAB -2.4, p=0.003), physical functioning (+5.8 vs -4.9, p=0.002), role functioning (1.6 vs -13.5, p=0.022) and for symptoms of fatigue (-6.6 vs 9.7, p=0.008) and nausea/vomiting (-10.2 vs 0.7, p=0.030). Patients prehabilitated within ChemoFit study achieved better scores in several HRQoL scales including global quality of life in comparison to historical cohort which did not undergo prehabilitation. These results suggest that prehabilitation of patients with EGA might lead to improvement of their HRQoL prior to operation. It is unknown whether this difference would persist after operation. It is desirable to confirm these findings within randomised controlled trial setting.

Pooled analyses of randomized controlled trials on pyrotinib plus capecitabine and a rethink of the first-line options for HER2-positive relapsed or metastatic breast cancer.

This pooled analysis explored the possibility and potential of pyrotinib plus capecitabine as a first-line regimen in relapsed or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab and discussed the potential treatment options for these patients, especially for the patients relapsed during or within 6 months after adjuvant trastuzumab.

Safety and tolerability of olaparib combined with breast radiotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: Final results of the RADIOPARP phase 1 trial.

534 Background: Preclinical studies have demonstrated that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells were sensitive to PARP inhibitors when used as radiosensitizers. Combining PARP-inhibitors with radiotherapy may consequently enhance the biological effectiveness of the irradiation, leading to improved locoregional control in TNBC patients. We aimed to establish the appropriate dosing and the safety profile of Olaparib used as a radiosensitizer in combination with radiotherapy in TNBC patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: RADIOPARP (NCT03109080) was a prospective phase I dose-escalation trial establishing the tolerance profile of Olaparib combined with breast radiotherapy in high-risk early TNBC patients. Inclusion criteria were resected TNBC with non-complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or unresectable TNBC despite prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Olaparib was started seven days before irradiation and continued during radiotherapy. A time-to-event continual reassessment method was used to increase Olaparib through four increasing dose levels (50mg, 100mg, 150mg or 200mg twice a day) with a 25% maximum probability rate of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). Radiotherapy delivered 50 Gy to the breast or to the chest wall, with or without lymph node irradiation. Toxicities were graded according to CTCAE (version 4.03). Homologous recombination (HR) proficiency status was genetically determined based on shallow whole genome sequencing. Results: Twenty-four TNBC patients were enrolled between 09/2017 and 11/2019. Olaparib was escalated to 200 mg twice a day without DLT and the MTD was not reached. With a median follow-up of 34 months, no late treatment-related grade ≥ 3 toxicity was observed, and the maximum observed toxicities were limited to grade 2 breast pain (n=2), fibrosis (n=2), deformity (n=1) and telangiectasia (n=1). Three-year OS and EFS were 83% [95% CI: 70%-100%] and 65% [51%-91%], respectively. HR proficiency status was not associated with OS and EFS. Conclusions: Olaparib used as a radiosensitizer in combination with radiotherapy in TNBC patients was well-tolerated. The MTD was not reached, and no significant late toxicity was reported. For future trials evaluating the anti-tumor efficacy of this combination, an Olaparib dose of 200 mg twice a day should be considered. Clinical trial information: NCT03109080.

P60. PATIENT FACTORS THAT AFFECT PRE-OPERATIVE PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES IN WOMEN UNDERGOING BREAST CANCER SURGERY

PURPOSE: Understanding the impact of patient, disease, and treatment factors on pre-operative patient reported outcomes (PROs) is important to guide surgical decision-making with breast cancer. METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluates PROs in women undergoing breast cancer treatment at a metropolitan health care system. New cases undergo tumor board discussion and same-day consultations with various specialties. Women choose to complete pre- and post-operative Breast-Q© Breast Conserving Surgery(BCS), Mastectomy(M), or Reconstruction(R) modules and demographic surveys. Individual associations to pre-operative Breast-Q survey scores were assessed using linear regression models (one for each Breast-Q survey type). Variables significant for at least one survey were included in multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: 375 women completed the pre-operative surveys (BCS=244, M=39, BR=92). Procedure choice, laterality, race, marital status, employment, prior breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or history of radiation or chemotherapy did not impact PROs. Breast satisfaction decreased with higher BMI (est=-0.367, p=0.045) and stage 2 disease (est=-11.011 (vs. stage 0), p=0.008). Lower psychosocial score was associated with younger age (est=0.271, p=0.002), higher BMI (est=-0.367, p=0.014), and income <35k (est=0.172 (vs. 35k+), p=0.016). Similarly, lower physical well-being of the chest was associated with younger age (est=0.207, p=0.011), higher BMI (est=-0.285, p=0.039), and income <35k (est=0.218 (vs. 35k+, p=0.039). Sexual well-being decreased with higher BMI (est=-0.545, p=0.004) and income <35k (est=0.135 (vs. 35k+), p=0.016). CONCLUSION: While factors such as age, BMI, and stage of disease are difficult to change prior to surgery, patients with lower income may need special interventions to assist them through the treatment process.

Abstract P1-14-03: Adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early-stage androgen-receptor positive, triple negative breast cancer: A feasibility study

Abstract Background: Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for early-stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet targetable drivers of interest are under investigation. A subset of TNBCs express the androgen receptor (AR) and exhibit androgen-dependent growth. The AR-antagonist enzalutamide (ENZA) has shown activity in patients with metastatic AR+ TNBC. In this study, the feasibility of adjuvant ENZA in early-stage, AR+ TNBC was assessed (NCT02750358). As reported previously, this study met its primary endpoint of feasibility (Traina et al., ASCO 2019). Here we report secondary survival endpoints. Methods: In this single-arm, open-label, multi-center trial, patients with stage I-III, AR≥1% TNBC (ER/PR &amp;lt;1%, HER2 negative) who had completed standard of care therapy were treated with ENZA 160 mg/day orally for 1 year. Patients who completed 1 year had an option to remain on adjuvant ENZA for another year. Toxicity was graded using National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTCAE) v4. The primary endpoint of this study was to evaluate feasibility of adjuvant ENZA, defined as the discontinuation rate due to toxicity, withdrawal of consent, other events related to tolerability or patient preference. The study was designed to discriminate between feasibility rates of 50% and 70% and was considered feasible if ≥29 out of 46 patients received ENZA for one year without discontinuation. Secondary endpoints included DFS, OS, safety, patient reported outcomes and correlative science. Patients who had disease progression (PD) during year 1 of ENZA without treatment discontinuation due to the above reasons were not included in the primary feasibility analysis but were included in secondary endpoint analyses for survival. Results: 50 patients enrolled on study from 05/2016 - 06/2018. The median age was 58 years (range 34-81 years); 8% had a germline BRCA1/2 (n=3) or PALB2 (n=1) mutation. 38% had stage I disease at diagnosis, 48% stage II and 14% stage III. 74% had grade 3 tumors. 94% of all patients received prior systemic chemotherapy, 81% of whom received prior anthracycline-taxane. 38% (n=19) were treated with prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 32% of those patients (n=6) achieved a pCR. Of those who did not achieve a pCR, 69% received adjuvant capecitabine. 47 patients were evaluable for the study endpoint and 35 patients completed 1 year of ENZA thereby meeting the prespecified trial endpoint for feasibility. 32 patients elected to continue into a second year of treatment. After a median follow-up of 140 weeks (range 4 - 236 weeks), 8 patients had a DFS event: 7 TNBC recurrences and 1 new primary breast cancer. The 1-year DFS was 94% (95% CI: 87 - 100%), 2-year DFS was 92% (95% CI: 84 - 99.8%) and the 3-year DFS was 80% (95% CI: 67 - 94%). The median DFS and OS have not yet been reached. Two patients died of TNBC recurrence after 55 and 59 weeks. There were no new or unexpected toxicities observed at study completion. Conclusion: This single-arm trial previously met its primary endpoint of feasibility in patients with early-stage AR+ TNBC. In this relatively high-risk, albeit highly selected patient population, the 3-year DFS measured 80% (95% CI: 67 - 94%) with an adjuvant endocrine therapy approach. Efforts to determine the optimal biomarker for AR+ TNBC are ongoing, so that patients most likely to respond to AR-antagonists in both the early and metastatic setting may be identified. Biomarker data from this study including PD-L1 status and tumor sequencing will be reported at the time of presentation.Funding and drug support for this study was provided by Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc./Pfizer Inc. Citation Format: Elaine M Walsh, Ayca Gucalp, Sujata Patil, Marcia Edelweiss, Dara S Ross, Pedram Razavi, Shanu Modi, Neil M Iyengar, Rachel Sanford, Tiffany Troso-Sandoval, Mila Gorsky, Jackie Bromberg, Pamela Drullinsky, Diana Lake, Serena Wong, Patricia DeFusco, Nicholas Lamparella, Ranja Gupta, Tasmila Tabassum, Leigh Ann Boyle, Artavazd Arumov, Tiffany A Traina. Adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early-stage androgen-receptor positive, triple negative breast cancer: A feasibility study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-14-03.