Prior Idea Research Articles

West Germanic diachronic constant: the case of negative constructions

This paper explores the common path of the sentence negation practice in the Early West Germanic languages. The prior idea is to find out the general set of markers, which implement the negation pattern. Our assumption is that West Germanic languages, as it has been shown in many papers, contrast with East Germanic and North Germanic languages by ways of negation marking. Our aim is to define the status of the grammatical phenomenon in question within the suggested period. Having assumed that all West Germanic languages may share a similar sentence negation pattern, we laid a special emphasis on their structural characteristics. We also hypothesize that gradual changes of this period were occurring due to the general rearrangement of these language system, which incurred the elimination of the redundant elements. According to Jespersen’s cycle, all the languages under consideration faced multiple negation, i.e., the phenomenon of negative concord (NEG-concord). The latter implies the that preverbal negative particles have been removed from the negation pattern both due to their weakening and the rise of the new supportive element, which originated from the independent structural unit wiht ‘thing’. The rise of the supportive element in the Early West Germanic languages is considered to be a part of the Common Germanic NEG-concord pattern. This lexical-grammatical element turned out to be the one that allowed further eliminating the multiple negation practice in West Germanic languages.

Personal Healthcare Portal

Abstract: Personal healthcare portal is a web-based application integrated with machine learning models which would be beneficial for symptom-based disease prediction and guiding about health tips. Apart from this it also can help users to communicate with medical experts. This project aims for enabling users to maintain their health with an application by testing and predicting various diseases to make personal awareness about remedial measures. Our application also focuses on saving time, time, efforts and money of users to clear their doubts about health issues with prior idea about health before/without appointing to doctors. Also, with some more specialization it can act as intermediate between different health centers and multiple users digitally. Most efficient Machine learning model amongst various supervised learning algorithms provide more accurate disease prediction based on symptoms and web portal make it easily accessible to information and service with relevant APIs. In general, it is an innovative approach to make services digital and online it.

HOW AI-SUPPORTED SEARCHES THROUGH OTHER PERSPECTIVES AFFECT IDEATION OUTCOMES

Seeking inspiration from other perspectives is a prominent mechanism to support ideation. AI-based language models can help overcome information processing limits and efficiently structure large solution spaces spanned by prior ideas. However, it remains unclear how the search through a solution space affects the subsequent idea generation. This study explores the influence of different sets of prior idea stimuli pre-structured by an AI-supported clustering on ideation outcomes. The sets varied in quantity and semantic diversity. In a survey experiment, 181 participants generated 447 ideas evaluated according to major idea performance characteristics. Results indicate that seeing an extensive set of ideas from various clusters improves idea novelty and positively and semantic diversity. In a survey experiment, 181 participants generated 447 ideas evaluated according to major idea performance characteristics. Results indicate that seeing an extensive set of ideas from various clusters improves idea novelty and positively interacts with domain-specific knowledge. However, it negatively affects idea feasibility and specificity. These findings encourage innovators seeking particularly novel ideas to complement their current processes with AI-supported clustering tools while taking steps to avoid vagueness.

How Information Contributed After an Idea Shapes New High-Quality Ideas in Online Ideation Contests

Findings on how prior high-quality ideas affect the quality of subsequent ideas in online ideation contests have been mixed. Some studies find that high-quality ideas lead to subsequent high-quality ideas, while others find the opposite. Based on computationally intensive exploratory research, utilizing theory on blending of mental spaces, we suggest that the effects of prior ideas on the generation of subsequent ideas depend on the alignment of (1) crowd participants’ subjective quality assessments of prior ideas and (2) subsequent problemrelated contributions made by the crowd. When a prior idea is assessed as high-quality, this motivates the crowd to emulate that idea. When this motivation is aligned with subsequent contributions that expand the mental space of the prior idea, a new high-quality idea can be created. In contrast, when a prior idea is assessed as low-quality, it motivates the crowd to redirect away from that idea. When this motivation is aligned with subsequent contributions that shift the mental space of the prior idea, a new high-quality idea can be created. The mixed findings in the literature can then be explained by a failure to consider non-idea information contributions made by the crowd.

A review of decision-making for pre floods resilience in housing

Most people inhabiting or owning houses in flood-prone areas do not have a prior idea of the situation of the site. The type of flood determines the causes and effects of flooding. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the causes and consequences of flooding in our sites. Both the developer and homeowners after having an in-depth idea of the situation and especially the impact of a particular flood will from the onset decide on whether to go on with the intended idea of development or seek an alternative area. The decision of choices would be taken based on the flood's known effects, causes and professional evaluation. The purpose of this study was to look into the five types of floods alongside their features, and decisions to be taken after evaluation. The scope of the study was to assess the condition of sites regarding floods and a subsequent decision arrived before starting any construction. Data was gathered using the review approach: Books and articles. The knowledge acquired would be relevant in the decision of the end-users or developer to either start construction or abandon the site. In situations where the choice is to start development, further education would be needed on resilience to the specific flood type found in the location. The impact of the study reveals that an estimated cost, time, emotional worries, and resilience techniques would be disclosed before the start of any construction for early decision. However, if the disadvantage of starting the project outweighs the advantages, the best decision is to avoid the site and not start the work

Three Months of CAPOX Emerges as an Adjuvant Standard for Stage III Colon Cancer

The prior IDEA collaboration — a prospective, pooled analysis of six international trials — provided support for the use of shorter-duration (3 vs. 6

Newborn in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Concerns

Background:Having a newborn baby admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a stressful experience for the parents.Objectives:This study was planned to know the following: 1. The concerns of parents whose babies were admitted in NICU 2. Parental satisfaction level about the services provided 3. Assessment of parents for their understanding and knowledge at dischargeStudy Design:Semiqualitative interview.Participants:Parents of 100 (56 M, 44 F) neonates.Intervention:We subjected them to a semiqualitative interview on the day of discharge of their newborn infant. Questionnaire consisted of parent’s understanding regarding NICU and health care providers, their perspective about the possible cause of illness in their baby along with competence and communication skills of health care providers. Parental satisfaction about the services was assessed by the short assessment of patient satisfaction (SAPS). They were assessed for their anxiety and depression levels by hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). They were assessed for their knowledge about care of baby at home after discharge by patient knowledge questionnaire (PKQ).Results:Parents of 44% babies had no prior idea about NICU and why babies need to be admitted. In total, 48% mothers and 36% fathers had clinically significant anxiety levels as assessed by HADS. Many parents complained about lack of communication about their babies illness, its cause, duration of treatment, and prognosis. Both parents scored the caregivers on borderline scores on the SAPS. At discharge only 13% knew the correct dose and duration of medicines prescribed. PKQ scores varied from 5 to 20. Almost all parents emphasized the need for more space, resting place for mothers, and better communication by doctors.Conclusions:This study reveals a significant communication gap between health care providers and parents. Concerns of parents have to be addressed to have their full participation in newborn care.

Using Prescriptive Analytics for the Determination of Optimal Crop Yield

The application of data mining has been utilized in different fields ranging from agriculture, finance, education, security, medicine, research etc. Data mining derives useful information from careful examination of data. In Nigeria, Agriculture plays a critical role in the economy as it provides high level of employment for many people. It is typical of farmers in Nigeria to plant crops without paying considerate attention to the soil and crop requirements as most farmers inherit the lands used for farming from their fathers and just continue in the pattern of farming they had always known. This is not favorable in the level of productivity they can actually attain as the effect can be seen in same level of crop yield year after year if not even worse. Modern farming techniques make use of data mining from previous data considering soil types, and other factors like weather and climatic conditions. This study built a model that enables possible prediction of crop yield from the historic data collected and offers suggestions to farmers on the right soil nutrients requirements that would enhance crop yield. This will enable early prediction of crop yield and prior idea to improve on the soil to increase productivity. The research used XGBoost algorithm for the crop yield prediction and the Support Vector Machine algorithm for the recommendation of appropriate improvement of soil nutrient requirements. The accuracy obtained for the prediction with XGBoost was 95.28%, while that obtained for the recommendation of fertilizer using SVM was 97.86%.

Analysis of the Structure of Scientific News Headlines in Online Newspapers

Newspaper headlines are described as compressed and ambiguous pieces of discourse that represent the bodies of the articles. Their main function is to provide the readers with an informative message they would have no prior idea about. Ifantidou (2009) claims that the function of a headline is to get the readers’ attention rather than providing information because it does not have to represent the whole of the article it refers to. This paper aims at examining this hypothesis in relation to scientific news headlines reported by a number of news agencies. The paper follows Halliday (1967) information structure theory by applying it on ten selected headlines; each two headlines represent one scientific discovery reported by different news agencies. One of them is presented by the most popular news agency on science; National Geographic then it is compared to one of the well-known news agencies like BBC, Reuters or Yahoo. The results showed that scientific news headlines are more informative than being just catchy headlines. It is also found that National Geographic news agency is more informative than any other agency because it is specialized in science. It is concluded that the more new information units a headline includes the less ambiguous it is for the readers.

Analysis of the Structure of Scientific News Headlines in Online Newspapers

Newspaper headlines are described as compressed and ambiguous pieces of discourse that represent the bodies of the articles. Their main function is to provide the readers with an informative message they would have no prior idea about. Ifantidou (2009) claims that the function of a headline is to get the readers’ attention rather than providing information because it does not have to represent the whole of the article it refers to. This paper aims at examining this hypothesis in relation to scientific news headlines reported by a number of news agencies. The paper follows Halliday (1967) information structure theory by applying it on ten selected headlines; each two headlines represent one scientific discovery reported by different news agencies. One of them is presented by the most popular news agency on science; National Geographic then it is compared to one of the well-known news agencies like BBC, Reuters or Yahoo. The results showed that scientific news headlines are more informative than being just catchy headlines. It is also found that National Geographic news agency is more informative than any other agency because it is specialized in science. It is concluded that the more new information units a headline includes the less ambiguous it is for the readers.

Identifying kindergarten children’s idea about heat and temperature concept

This study aim is to identifying the childrens’ idea of the heat and temperature in their daily activity. Heat and temperature is the physic concept that easily found in children daily life. Knowing children idea is important to fix misconception because they bring the concept by themselves experience. A descriptive-qualitative design with observation has been implemented to gather data from 44 (5-6 years) children in three kindergartens in Tasikmalaya. The result showed that the children in early years understanding temperature as qualitative notion that they can sense rather than qualitative notion. Some case children use the same terms to describe the different temperature. This result can give description about children’s prior idea related heat and temperature to avoid or fix the misconception in the next level education.

Should Problem based Learning be Included in Teaching Physiology along with Traditional Method of Learning? A Student's Perception

Aim To evaluate students’ perceptions about the role of Problem Based Learning(PBL) in Hybrid curriculum. Background Problem Based Learning is an approach which has more leaning towards student centered pedagogy. The general consensus is that PBL inculcate self directed learning which help them in learning core concept, improves communication skill, formulation of their own learning objectives and team work. Particularly in basic sciences the triggers which are used in PBl gives the students prior idea of the clinical relevance of the topic and this act as a great impetus for the student towards self directed learning. Material and Method This questionnaire-based study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, IGIMS, Patna. 98 Medical students from first professional MBBS were inducted in the study. Questionnaire consisted of 15 items and used three point Likert scale as “disagree, ” “neutral, ” or “agree, ” to measure students’ perception of Problem Based Learning effectiveness. Questionnaire judged the perception in the field of quality of learning, ability to inculcate team work, confidence, interpersonal communication skill with colleague as well as seniors and role of facilitators. Result Statement enquiring about the role of PBL in clarifications of doubt, learning from the peers, in overcoming the nervousness and anxiety while speaking in front of class, ability to communicate more effectively, better understanding of the applied aspect and in ability to develop acute clinical acumen, we got a positive(agree) response which was well above ninety percent. For the rest of the statement the answer had a stronger leaning towards agree and the mean percentage for them was hovering around eighty five percent. Conclusion The student's perception is strongly in favor of PBL. According to them PBL will help them to excel in all the aspect of Blooms taxonomy.

Crop Recommender System for the Farmers using Mamdani Fuzzy Inference Model

Recommender systems provide suggestions to the users for choosing particular items from a large pool of items. The purpose of this study is to design a collaborative recommender system for the farmers for recommending giving prior idea regarding a crop which is suitable according to the location of the farmer based on weather condition of the previous months. The proposed system also recommends other seeds, pesticides and instruments according to the preferences in farming and location of the farmers while purchasing the seeds through online. It uses cosine similarity measure to find the similar user according the location of the farmer and fuzzy logic for predicting the yield of rice crop for Kharif season in state Odisha, India. The proposed system is implemented in Mamdani Fuzzy Inference model. The results reveal that it provides prior idea regarding a crop before sowing of seeds.

A Critical View of Low Cost Sensor System Networks for Air Quality

Low-cost sensor systems (LCSS) represent a disruptive change in air monitoring, and pose numerous challenges. The Citi-Sense project (http://co.citi-sense.eu) that operated between 2012 and 2016 in nine European cities, provides a vivid illustration. Three use cases were deployed, on ambient air quality, on indoor environment at schools, and on the quality of urban spaces, with at times, over 300 LCSSs in use simultaneously.We aimed at providing air quality information to stakeholders, but without a clear prior idea of the purpose and DQOs: we felt that information generated by LCSSs can support several objectives. Our knowledge as to what are capabilities of the technology was low and expectations were high.Any large-scale use of LCSS requires to deploy two enabling technologies, sensing technology and information and communication technologies for data transmission, storage and use, and has a number of steps. We have deployed LCSS’s from 9 different producers, in a variety of climatic conditions, from Oslo (Norway) to Haifa (Israel), and Edinburg (United Kingdom) to Beograd (Serbia). We thus demonstrate intercomaprison issues as well as the dependency of monitoring results on local conditions. Despite extensive field calibration and co-location, we were not able to quantify uncertainty sufficiently to provide comparable data across locations. However, we successfully developed an accurate real-time map, unavailable using other current methods, addressing the interest in real time information.Using LCSSs as personal monitors has similar challenges as traditional methods, and some new ones. User feedback showed that at this stage (2015), only a special interest group can successfully use the devices.We believe there is a great potential to the LCSSs, but also serious obstacles. Quality assurance and quality control of data needs further development. Correct communication of the results and expectation management are a second main barrier to successful use of LCSS.

Spending Surges: Considerations Toward a Proposed Model for Explaining Budgetary Slack in Expiring Budgets

A review of an expiring budget and its impact on the budgeting process is very important. Two issues can quickly arise from the practice of budgeting based on budgetary slack. First, a department might feel incentivized to initially reduce (or hold back) spending during the early stages of the budgeting cycle. Second, as an extension to the prior idea, the department might experience an increase in spending as the end of the budget cycle draws near. The present research serves two purposes: The first purpose of this paper is to explore spending surges towards the end of a budgeting cycle. The secondary purpose of the paper is to explore the honesty of a department by using slack levels as an indicator. Based on the review of the literature, two general research questions will guide the development of a theoretical model to explain spending surges toward the end of a budgetary cycle.

Review on Upcoming Innovative Technology in Big Data

This paper is a survey of the big data idea, its measurements, its design correlation between the prior idea and the most recent, the capacity conceivable i.e. the databases and starting point of enormous information. The social database, having unbending pattern, has been winning since quite a while yet it is hard to store the unstructured information in social database. The unstructured information has principally message nature or is as logs. Here comes the idea of No SQL databases. Enormous Data is little information with huge information estimate.

Endogenous Product Design and Quality with Rationally Inattentive Consumers

In some markets, consumers do not know the attributes of all the products that are available in the market, or the prices at which they are offered. To overcome this uncertainty, consumers may gather and process information about those attributes and prices. In this paper, we examine the consequences of consumer costs of doing so on firms' product attribute and pricing decisions. To do so, we follow the rational inattention literature in assuming that, before entering the choice situation, consumers are in contact with all products, but may have an incomplete or imprecise prior idea about their attributes and prices. Further, we also assume that consumers can, at a cost, gather and process information in a non-random fashion about any (sub)set of products, with any precision about their attributes and prices. Furthermore, we assume that products are characterized by both horizontal and vertically differentiated attributes, which we address as design and quality, respectively. We find a number of interesting results. First, if the unit costs of gathering and processing information are homogeneous among consumers, firms should differentiate their products as those costs fall, so to relax the otherwise increasing price competition. This implies that equilibrium prices may increase as these costs decrease, because product differentiation countervails the otherwise negative impact on prices. Second, if the unit costs of gathering and processing information are heterogeneous among consumers, with a sizeable proportion of informed consumers, firms should always seek to differentiate their products as maximum as possible, independently of the level of information costs of the uninformed consumers. This implies that equilibrium price levels do not increase (and, in fact, tend to decrease) as the unit costs of those consumers decrease and that informed consumers serve as a market competition guardian. Finally, in all the above cases, firms do not need to differentiate themselves along all attribute dimensions. Differentiation along one attribute dimension is more than enough to relax price competition.

Optimization of single plate-serial dilution spotting (SP-SDS) with sample anchoring as an assured method for bacterial and yeast cfu enumeration and single colony isolation from diverse samples

We propose a simple technique for bacterial and yeast cfu estimations from diverse samples with no prior idea of viable counts, designated as single plate-serial dilution spotting (SP-SDS) with the prime recommendation of sample anchoring (100 stocks). For pure cultures, serial dilutions were prepared from 0.1OD (100) stock and 20μl aliquots of six dilutions (101–106) were applied as 10–15 micro-drops in six sectors over agar-gelled medium in 9-cm plates. For liquid samples 100–105 dilutions, and for colloidal suspensions and solid samples (10% w/v), 101–106 dilutions were used. Following incubation, at least one dilution level yielded 6–60cfu per sector comparable to the standard method involving 100μl samples. Tested on diverse bacteria, composite samples and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SP-SDS offered wider applicability over alternative methods like drop-plating and track-dilution for cfu estimation, single colony isolation and culture purity testing, particularly suiting low resource settings.

Study of prior preparedness and awareness regarding the MBBS course amongst first year students admitted at rural medical college, of PIMS-DU, Loni

Background: Adolescents in India choose career in medicine under the influence and pressure from parents, family members, peers and external sources. There are no measures taken to study whether these medical students understand the demands and priorities of a career in medicine once they decide to choose it. Hence the study was undertaken at PIMS-DU with Ist year MBBS students as participants. Aims: 1) Assess the factors influencing the choice of MBBS. 2) Analyze the prior knowledge and awareness of medical students regarding the course. 3) Their career trend in future. Material and Methods: All newly admitted students present at the orientation programme in September 2014 at PIMS –DU were included as participants. Their written responses to a 14 point questionnaire were entered into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and descriptive analysis was done. Results: A majority of students had their parents and family members in medical profession indicating prior idea amongst the students regarding the course, even when the choice was made at an early stage of academics or without appearing for aptitude tests due to unawareness. Appearance for entrance exams to kept their options wide open but caused unnecessary stress, anxiety and economic burden to parents. However, these participants had limited knowledge about medical curriculum but had decisive ideas regarding future trend in career. Conclusions: Family being strong motivator for career choice for medical students; should encourage students to undertake aptitude tests, career guidance courses and investigate about future prospects to create a strong foundation as MBBS students.

A randomized sorting algorithm on the BSP model

An oversampling-based randomized algorithm is introduced for sorting n keys of any abstract data type on the p processors of a latency-tolerant parallel system such as a bulk-synchronous parallel computer. The algorithm is asymptotically, for large n, optimal in computation and communication compared to the best available sequential sorting algorithm, even when constant factors are taken into consideration. Its parallel time is within a (1 + o(1))/p multiplicative factor of the corresponding sequential method for sorting, improving upon other approaches for a wider range of values of p relative to n. It also improves upon other randomized sorting algorithms that have been developed for latency-tolerant models of computation on the amount of parallel slack (ratio n over p) required to achieve optimal speedup and also, on the associated failure probability. For values of p closer to n than other latency-tolerant randomized approaches, it can be turned into a PRAM-like algorithm but for such cases a speedup of O(p) rather than p/(1 + o(1)) is then achievable. Although the general framework of the proposed algorithm relies on the well-established prior idea of sample-based sorting, there are some novel features in its design such as the choice of splitter size, the way keys are split, and the handling of the base case of the recursive sorting algorithm that contribute to its performance.