Prior History Of Substance Abuse Research Articles

Developmental Outcomes among Children within the Context of Maternal Incarceration: Findings from a Study of Family Inequality

This research addresses behavior difficulties and maladaptive coping among African American children and adolescents, and the manner in which these outcomes differ among those with incarcerated mothers. The study also provides an in-depth analysis of the experiences of mothers during and after their incarceration. Earlier investigations suggested that mothers’ victimization and offending, including drug use, are related to children’s emotional and behavioral outcomes. Hence, this research extends an ongoing project by investigating the nature of this relationship using aggregate data on adolescent health outcomes. Generally, most research addresses parental incarceration, typically followed by negative responses of male youth. Less research has evaluated the outcomes of parents’ incarceration on African American children and adolescents specifically. This is particularly true among those with incarcerated mothers. Additionally, examinations have highlighted the role of fathers’ incarceration on negative family functioning, yet we know less about the impact of mothers’ imprisonment and re-entry on children’s behavior. Many of these mothers are single and live in poverty, and their economic situations lead to higher risks of recidivism, deleteriously affecting their children. Moreover, several of them are raising children while experiencing traumatic mental health concerns amid drug usage with minimal support or treatment. For the current project, special attention is also placed on the mothers’ experiences with contact with children, prior history of substance abuse, mental illness, treatment for drug and alcohol problems, and coping with separation from children in an attempt to reveal the subsequent, harmful impact on children’s behavioral adjustment.

Opioid use disorder in two samples of the Lebanese population: scale validation and correlation with sleep and mood disorders.

The revised Opioid Risk Tool (ORT-OUD) is a brief, self-report scale designed to provide clinicians with a simple, validated method to screen for the risk of developing an Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in patients without a prior history of substance abuse. This study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of ORT-OUD in the Lebanese population and assess its clinical validity in a sample of patients with OUD. This cross-sectional study in the Lebanese population used several validated scales to assess the risk of OUD, including the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Other tools evaluated chronotype and sleep and mood disturbances. Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation was applied to assess ORT-OUD construct validity. Convergent validity with the Arabic version of ASSIST was evaluated. The ORT-OUD criterion validity was then assessed in a clinical sample of patients with OUD. This study included 581 participants. The prevalence of the OUD risk in the Lebanese population using the ORT-OUD scale and the ASSIST-opioids scale was estimated at 14.5% and 6.54%, respectively. No items of the ORT-OUD were removed; all items converged over a solution of four factors with an eigenvalue > 1, explaining a total of 68.2% of the variance (Cronbach's alpha = 0.648). The correlation coefficients between the ORT-OUD total score and ASSIST subscales were as follows: ASSIST-opioids (r = 0.174; p = < 0.001), ASSIST-sedatives (r = 0.249; p < 0.001), and ASSIST-alcohol (r = 0.161; p = < 0.001). ORT-OUD clinical validation showed a correlation with ASSIST-opioids (r = 0.251; p = 0.093) and ASSIST-sedatives (r = 0.598; p < 0.001). Higher ORT-OUD scores were associated with a family and personal history of alcohol and substance consumption and higher insomnia and anxiety scores. This study is the first to validate the Arabic version of ORT-OUD in the Lebanese population, an essential step towards improving the detection and management of OUD in this population.

Tianeptine Abuse and Dependence in Psychiatric Patients: A Review of 18 Case Reports in the Literature

ABSTRACTTianeptine is an atypical antidepressant approved in 25 countries for the treatment of depressive syndromes. Tianeptine abuse among psychiatric patients in the community and at inpatient wards has been increasingly reported in recent years. The purpose of this article is to alert clinicians to tianeptine abuse potential and identify any patterns in the literature. We searched the Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Scopus, and the Social Sciences Citation Index for articles published between 1960–2017 in any language containing the keywords: “tianeptine abuse,” “tianeptine misuse,” “tianeptine dependence.” The search retrieved 18 cases. Higher frequency of tianeptine abuse/dependence was observed in women and 30- to 45-year-olds. Most cases (n = 13) reported a previous history of substance abuse. The therapeutic dose of tianeptine was exceeded 110-fold (i.e., up to 4125 mg/day) with a mean of about 1469 mg/day. The most prominent phenomena associated with tianeptine abuse and dependence were marked euphoria and withdrawal symptoms perpetuating further drug misuse. Tianeptine is a drug with potential for abuse and addiction. Caution should be taken when considering the prescription of tianeptine to patients with prior history of substance abuse, and close monitoring for drug misuse is needed during the treatment period.

Benzodiazepines: Experts Urge Balance

Benzodiazepines: Experts Urge Balance

Tramadol Dependence in a Tunisian Patient with No Previous Substance Misuse History

Introduction Tramadol is an atypical, centrally acting, synthetic, analgesic. Its anti-nociceptive effects are mediated by a combination of μ-opioid agonist effects, and norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibition. Initially, tramadol was said to have a low-abuse potential. However, its abuse liability and diversion were soon recognized, with several reports on physical dependence. Methods A case report and review of literature by a research on medline database. Key words: 'Tramadol”, 'opiate dependence”, 'tramadol withdrawal”, 'tramadol addiction” Case Report Mr. L.M. is a 24 year-old man without past history of substance abuse. In 2012, he underwent leg surgery after gunshot wounds. He was started on Tramadol treatment for his pain. He progressively increased Tramadol dosage and was taking 250mg to 750mg intravenous injections per day. He tried several times to stop taking Tramadol but each time his developed nausea, muscle aching, dysphoric mood and insomnia. His withdrawal symptoms had bad impact on his daily life and resulted in family life breakdown. Discussion Tramadol has long been considered to have a very low abuse potential. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, the rate of addiction was 1 in 100,000 during the last 18 months period of surveillance. Most of the cases had been in patients with a prior history of substance abuse. This case shows that Tramadol addiction may also occur in patients with no psychiatric or substance abuse history.

Gatekeeper training outcomes: enhancing the capacity of staff in substance abuse treatment programs to prevent suicide in a high risk population

There is a heightened risk for suicide among individuals currently in addiction treatments or who have a prior history of substance abuse. However, few professional and paraprofessional staff working in substance abuse treatment programs have been previously trained on how to intervene or to manage individuals who may also be experiencing a suicidal crisis. The aim of this pilot study is to examine the impact of an educational intervention for suicide prevention on the training outcomes of perceived self-efficacy and declarative knowledge of substance abuse professionals and staff. Fifty employees of a multi-site substance abuse treatment facility who attended suicide prevention training were surveyed upon completion of the training. Measures attained information for an educational needs assessment and on post-training outcomes. Eighty-eight percent of the staff had previous exposure to an individual at high risk for suicide. Significant training-related gains in perceived self-efficacy were demonstrated ...

A Prior History of Substance Abuse in Veterans Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Background. The rates of obesity and substance abuse are high among US veterans. Objective. To examine weight loss and substance abuse rates following bariatric surgery in veterans with a history of substance abuse (SA). Methods. A prospective database of consecutive bariatric operations was reviewed. Data for SA patients were compared to patients without a substance abuse history (NA). Behavioral medicine staff followed patients throughout the pre- and postoperative courses. Results. Of 205 bariatric surgery patients, there were 74 (36.1%) SA patients. The mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 46.2 ± 8.1 kg/m2, and percent excess weight loss at 12 months was 71.8%, 58.0%, and 33.5% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic gastric banding, respectively, not significantly different than the NA group (P = 0.15, 0.75, 0.96). Postoperative substance abuse in SA and NA patients was 8.1% and 1.5%, respectively (P = 0.234). Conclusion. A prior history of substance abuse is common in veterans undergoing bariatric surgery; weight loss results are comparable to the general veteran bariatric cohort. Rates of substance abuse are low postoperatively, but higher in patients without a prior history of substance abuse. Close multidisciplinary followup throughout the postoperative course is likely to be integral to the patient's success.

The Investigation of Tramadol Dependence with No History of Substance Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Spontaneously Reported Cases in Guangzhou City, China

The study was to survey and assess the drug dependence and abuse potential of tramadol with no history of substance abuse. Subjects of tramadol dependence with no prior history of substance abuse were surveyed by interview. Physical dependence of tramadol was assessed using 10 items opiate withdrawal scale (OWS), and psychological dependence was assessed by Addiction Research Center Inventory—Chinese Version (ARCI-CV). Twenty-three male subjects (the median age was 23.4 ± 4.1 years) referred to the addiction unit in Medical Hospital of Guangzhou with tramadol abuse problems were included in this cross-sectional study. The control group included 87 heroin addicts, 60 methamphetamine (MA) abusers, and 50 healthy men. The scores of OWS of tramadol were 0.83–2.30; the mean scores of identifying euphoric effects–MBG, sedative effects–PCAG, and psychotomimetic effects–LSD of ARCI were 8.96 ± 3.08, 6.52 ± 3.25, and 6.65 ± 2.50, respectively, F = 4.927, P < 0.001. Scores of MBG scale in tramadol did not differ from those in heroin and MA groups (P > 0.05) but were higher than those in healthy men (P < 0.05). Tramadol with no history of substance abuse has a clear risk of producing high abuse potential under the long-term infrequent abuse and the high doses.

Response to Spencer et al. Letter

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Communications and UpdatesFull AccessResponse to Spencer et al. LetterPaolo Fusar-Poli, Ph.D.Paolo Fusar-PoliPavia, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, Ph.D.Published Online:1 Jun 2012https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020232rAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail To the Editor: We read with interest the letter by Spencer et al., who argue against the medication status definitions in our study (1). This is a good point, as meta-analyses are usually biased by the surrounding basic literature retrieved. In this sense, the authors are right that there is some uncertainty in the definition of the clinical status of ADHD patients and previous exposure to treatments. We accept this and explicitly acknowledge such a limitation in our work. However, Spencer et al. raise a number of critical points that are not supported by evidence. For example, they argue that the Volkow et al. study did not enroll drug-naive subjects. This is explicitly contradicted in the method section of the Volkow et al. article: “We studied 53 never-medicated ADHD patients” (2). We feel the Volkow et al. study provides the best description of inclusion and exclusion criteria for ADHD subjects, as it fully characterizes the clinical status of the sample:To minimize confounding from prior drug exposures or comorbidity, participants were excluded if they had a prior history of substance abuse (other than nicotine) or with positive urine drug screen results, prior or current treatment with psychotropic medications (including stimulants), psychiatric comorbidities (axis I or II diagnosis other than ADHD), neurological disease, medical conditions that may alter cerebral function (ie, cardiovascular, endocrinological, oncological, or autoimmune diseases), or head trauma with loss of consciousness (>30 minutes). These rigorous exclusion criteria contributed to the length of the study (from 2001 to 2009).Contrary to what Spencer et al. argue, we believe this high-quality study should be taken as model for future studies in such a population. Another good description of medication status is given by Jucaite et al. (3): “Nine of the 12 boys were drug naive (in other words, they had not previously been treated with any psychostimulants).” With respect to this study, Spencer et al. are incorrect when interpreting an elevated mean dopamine transporter binding in ADHD as compared with control subjects: both Table 1 and Figure 3 indicate no statistically significant between-group differences. Conversely, the sample selection of la Fougère et al. (4) is poorly described, and in fact there is no mention at all that the subjects were “drug-naive” or “never treated,” as Spencer et al. speculate. The criticisms the authors raise are thus not corroborated by the literature. However, we take this opportunity to fully highlight the true methodological limitations of our study: it had a small sample size; the causality of the regression findings could not be tested in cross-sectional designs; the study had limited statistical power for meta-regression analysis; and it used an artificial comparison across several radiotracers, each with differential dopamine transporter sensitivity. We acknowledge that because of these limitations the results of our study should be considered preliminary and subject to verification in well-designed large-scale longitudinal investigations of drug naive ADHD subjects.Pavia, ItalyThe author's disclosures accompany the original article.Accepted for publication in March 2012.1. Fusar-Poli P , Rubia K , Rossi G , Sartori G , Balottin U: Striatal dopamine transporter alterations in ADHD: pathophysiology or adaptation to psychostimulants? a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169:264–272Link, Google Scholar2. Volkow ND , Wang GJ , Kollins SH , Wigal TL , Newcorn JH , Telang F , Fowler JS , Zhu W , Logan J , Ma Y , Pradhan K , Wong C , Swanson JM: Evaluating dopamine reward pathway in ADHD: clinical implications. JAMA 2009; 302:1084–1091Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar3. Jucaite A , Fernell E , Halldin C , Forssberg H , Farde L: Reduced midbrain dopamine transporter binding in male adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: association between striatal dopamine markers and motor hyperactivity. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57:229–238Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar4. la Fougère C , Krause J , Krause KH , Jose Gildehaus F , Hacker M , Koch W , Hahn K , Tatsch K , Dresel S: Value of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT to predict clinical response to methylphenidate treatment in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Nucl Med Commun 2006; 27:733–737Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byA local view of the laser induced magnetic domain dynamics in CoPd stripe domains at the picosecond time scale21 August 2020 | Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 32, No. 46 Volume 169Issue 6 June 2012Pages 666-666 Metrics PDF download History Accepted 1 March 2012 Published online 1 June 2012 Published in print 1 June 2012

Prescription medication borrowing among adult patients at an urban medical center.

Prescription medication borrowing can result in adverse health outcomes. We aimed to study the patterns of borrowing prescription medications in an adult urban population seeking healthcare in the outpatient, emergency, and inpatient units of an urban medical center. Participants indicated whether they (1) had a primary care doctor, medical insurance, a prior history of substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, or chronic pain; and (2) had borrowed a prescription medication. If so, they noted the medication obtained, source, frequency of use, and reasons why they had not obtained a prescription from a licensed medical provider. Of the 641 participants, most were African American (75%), urban residents (75%), high school educated or less (71%), and lacked full-time employment (68%). Many had health insurance (90%) and had recently seen their primary medical provider (75%). Eighteen percent reported ever borrowing a prescription medication. On multivariate analysis, history of chronic pain was marginally associated with increased medication borrowing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58) while having Medicare insurance (OR = 0.436) or a primary care medical provider routinely ask about medication usage (OR = 0.589) were significantly associated with decreased medication borrowing. The most commonly obtained medications were for pain (74%), usually in the form of opioids, and were obtained from a family member (49%) or friend (38%). Thirty-five percent of those who borrowed medications did so more than once a year, with lack of convenient access to medical care the most frequently cited reason for use (67%). Only a third of those who borrowed medications had informed their primary medical providers of the behavior. In conclusion, borrowing prescription medications is a common behavior in the population studied. Further research is warranted into interventions to reduce such use, especially the impact of methods to improve the convenience of contacting licensed medical providers.

A comparative latent class analysis of endorsement profiles of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for problem gambling among adolescents from a community and a treatment sample

The DSM-IV approach to gambling taxonomy is predicated upon the number of diagnostic criteria with little regard for the nature of the specific items. This study examined the variation in gambling pathology that might exist due to the specific pattern of DSM-IV criteria endorsement, these differences between genders, and in the presence of prior addictions. The likelihood of item endorsement for the DSM-IV criteria for males and females in a community and a treatment sample of adolescents with known prior history of substance abuse was examined. A significant gender effect was found for several DSM-IV items in the community sample but not in the treatment sample. Latent class analyses identified different subtypes or classes of endorsement patterns of DSM-IV gambling criteria in adolescents which differed according to whether we looked at males or females in a community sample of adolescents or at a group of treatment adolescents. The results suggest that there may be a divergence in the pathways that male and female adolescent gamblers negotiate depending on the nature of their gambling behaviours. There seems to be a pathway with physiological components and a separate pathway involving antisocial behaviours. Furthermore, male and female adolescent gamblers with prior addictions have a pattern of gambling behaviours in which the vulnerability to gambling problems is more likely to involve behaviours with physiological or neuroadaptive components than antisocial behaviours and this vulnerability is particularly acute for female substance-dependent gamblers where the development of tolerance plays an especially important role.

Quetiapine: Treatment for substance abuse and drug of abuse

The use of quetiapine as a drug to treat various substance use disorders as well as a drug of abuse is examined. Quetiapine's effectiveness in treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is well-known; however, growing evidence has indicated that it may be useful in the treatment of various substance use disorders. Small-scale studies have been conducted to investigate the potential benefit of quetiapine in patients dependent on alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamines. The results of these two studies provide some evidence that quetiapine may benefit patients diagnosed with a mental illness who are also dependent on cocaine, amphetamines, or both, though more rigorous studies are needed. An unforeseen use of antipsychotics, specifically quetiapine, as drugs of abuse has emerged. Since antipsychotics are not classified as controlled substances, the majority of clinicians may not consider the diversion of antipsychotics for recreational purposes, but evidence of this is increasing, particularly in incarcerated individuals. Intravenous quetiapine abuse was first reported in the literature in 2005. Although most cases of quetiapine abuse have been reported in the correctional setting, inappropriate quetiapine use within the community has been documented. Thus far, all of the documented cases have involved patients with a prior history of substance abuse. Clinicians must be cognizant of the potential for quetiapine as a treatment for substance use disorders and as a drug of abuse. Quetiapine is a promising treatment for substance use disorders alone or combined with other psychiatric diagnoses, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Quetiapine abuse has also been documented, particularly in the correctional setting.

Characteristics of women who deliver with no prenatal care

Objective: To compare the characteristics, morbidities and pregnancy outcomes of women with no prenatal care and women receiving some care.Methods: Medical records were abstracted for demographic variables as well as information concerning substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases and perinatal outcome. Bivariate associations of descriptive data were tested using odds ratios or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analysis determined adjusted odds ratios. Significance was set at α = 0.05.Results: Women who received no prenatal care were more likely to be multiparous, living with at least one child, less educated, uninsured, smoke, use cocaine and have a prior history of substance abuse. Preterm labor, preterm delivery, low birth weight and stillbirth were more common. Syphilis and HIV were found in nearly 5% of women without care.Conclusion: Intensive interventions are needed for women who fail to receive prenatal care so as to link these high-risk women to needed services.