Print Production Research Articles

The Importance of Virtual Immersion in the Rapid Prototyping of Industrial Products

The prototype has played a major role in the design of industrial products since the beginning. The series production was never launched until the designers validated the new product by studying in detail a prototype made identical to the ones that would have come out on the tape. Rapid prototyping, especially through 3D Printing, for small and medium-sized products, managed to improve this design phase by the quality of the prototype obtained and by the short times of its realisation. Recently, virtual immersion tends to replace 3D Printing technology (or work together), the prototype made by this technology offering the designer many more features of the designed product. As a concept, Virtual Reality Aided Design (VRAD) significantly reduces production times, costs and especially allows the rapid modification of the prototype, which is impossible to achieve in 3D Printing. Our article presents the study of a Compressed Air Vehicle (CAV) prototype participating in the international academic competition PNEUMOBILE; it is a study carried out by the UPBAIR team of UPB through virtual immersion. We believe that the study can be extended to the prototyping of any industrial product, adding that our CAV prototype is quite simplistic and quite far from the complexity of a series car.

Novel AIE luminescent tetraphenylethene-doped poly (lactic acid) composites for fused deposition modeling and their application in fluorescent analysis of 3D printed products

Luminescent 3D printing materials have attracted many attentions due to their promising applications of luminescent inks, hydrogels and microstructures. However, no reports have shown the priority of their fluorescence for detection of the quality of 3D printing products. In this work, novel luminescent poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composite filaments with typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) building block (tetraphenylethene, TPE) for 3D printing have been successfully developed, by simple solution premixing and melt extrusion methods. It was found that TPE uniformly dispersed in the PLA matrix and significantly increased the crystallinity of PLA, which not only maintained the good thermal property but also improved the mechanical properties of TPE/PLA composites. Notably, the composite filaments emitted ultra-bright blue light under UV lamp, and the fluorescence intensity increased as the content of TPE increased. Finally, several brightly luminescent exquisite articles could be manufactured by a single-nozzle 3D printer with these new fluorescent filaments. Most interestingly, a thin layer of 0.4 mm TPE/PLA was implanted in the strip-shaped specimens by a dual-nozzle printer, which could be used as a very sensitively fluorescent visual inspection of the quality of 3D printing products, including the degree of bending damage and their small defects. Therefore, the development of novel luminescent TPE/PLA composites combined with 3D printing technology in this work provides a unique opportunity for the design and application of luminescent 3D printing materials.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PADA CV. SINAR CREATION BERBASIS WEB

CV. Sinar Creation is a place to produce printing products in the advertising sector that focuses on service and quality of goods produced well. In this final project, design a web-based sales information system for CV. SINAR CREATION in marketing all information about its products through the media website, so that finally this website is expected to increase sales efficiency in the business world. To support system development, researchers use the PHP and MySQL programming languages as their databases and on this website it is hoped that the sales of this product will be better for the company itself, because this website is equipped with proof of payment which is more efficient and accurate for this company.

\u201cMagic through many minor measures\u201d: How introducing a flowline production mode in six steps enables journalist team autonomy in local news organizations

While facing cuts, downsizing and revenue losses, media organizations experience paradoxical demands in being organized for print or linear production with daily deadlines and simultaneously striving to be ‘digital first’ and produce and publish stories online on a continuous basis throughout the day. In this paper, we describe efforts applied when introducing the metaphor flowline in a medium-sized newspaper organization in Norway with the aim of aligning their production and publishing processes to readers’ consumption of online news. Both the production volume of journalistic content, reader consumption and the newsroom workers’ experience of mastering their everyday work life increased dramatically in a very short time. The involvement of a temporary autonomous team in the planning and designing of a test pilot aiming to make flowline “as practice”, was integral to the digital transformation success, allowing for participative action across newsroom boundaries. Based on the empirical findings from the local newspaper organization and drawing on theories on liminality (Turner 1982, 1986) and metaphorical work (Schön 1993), this article presents a set of six interrelated steps incorporating a structure for autonomous teams and their role in enabling lasting change in organizations facing digital transformation.

Optimization of 3D printing parameters for high‐performance biodegradable materials

AbstractDeveloping 3D printing high‐performance biodegradable materials is important to protect the environment and deal with emergencies such as COVID‐19. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the 3D printing methods, has many advantages, such as low cost and wide range of materials. However, the weak interlayer adhesion is an important factor restricting the development of FDM. In addition to the influence of material properties, the optimization of 3D printing parameters is also an important means to give full play to the inherent properties of materials. The optimal 3D printing parameters are conducive to the diffusion and entanglement of molecular chains between adjacent layers. PLA/PBAT/PLA‐g‐GMA (70/30/10 wt%, PLA‐g‐GMA was a compatibilizer synthesized in our lab) was used as the research object. This work aims to analyze the mechanical properties response of biodegradable polymers products manufactured through FDM. Herein, the effect of 3D printing parameters including layer thickness, nozzle temperature, printing speed and platform temperature have been systematically investigated by orthogonal experimental design. The result showed that the excellent performance of 3D printing specimen was obtained when the layer thickness was 0.15 mm, the printing speed was 50 mm·s−1, the nozzle temperature was 200°C and the platform temperature was 50°C. The SEM images showed that the optimal 3D printing products had the best interlayer adhesion and the lowest porosity. Undergoing optimization of 3D printing processing, the yield strength and elongation at break of specimen increased by 115% and 229%, respectively. In this paper, the interlayer adhesion and mechanical properties of 3D printing products can be significantly improved by simply optimizing the 3D printing parameters without complex material modification. This work provided a new method for improving the interlayer adhesion of FDM and the mechanical properties of FDM products.

Visual state symbols of Japan during the Meiji era

This article is dedicated to the visual state symbols of Japan of the late XIX century (national flag, personal seal of the emperor, order and medal of honor, and military insignia). The aforementioned symbols are viewed as the attributes of the status. First institutionalized graphic symbols in the history of the country have emerged under the influence of European culture and actualized elements of the ”old” Japanese culture, primarily  from the emblems “mon” used to decorate and identify an individual or a family. This article explores the mechanisms of their emergence, as well as the mechanisms of evolution and introduction into the cultural environment based on the material of print mass-market production (postcards and Ukiyo-e woodblock prints). The author’s main contribution consists in comprehensive analysis of the state symbols of Japan of the late XIX century as the attributes of the status, which has been conducted for the first time. The flag, order and emblem of the emperor were used to demonstrate their direct affiliation to the department, as an attribute of a festive event, or indicate their authority. The research also employed postcards as a rarely used source for studying political symbols, or used in the context of ideology alone. The visual images of print production illustrate the reality of using state symbols, as well as within the framework of artistic techniques expand their use as the symbols.

Zine Production with Queer Youth and Pre-Service Teachers in New Brunswick, Canada: Exploring Connections, Divergences, and Visual Practices

Queer, trans, and non-binary youth navigate school spaces punctuated by erasures, silences, and oppression, and resist these experiences through solidarity-building, activism, and art practice. In this article, we seek to centre experiences of school and society as important spheres of inquiry through participatory visual research with queer, trans, and non-binary young people (ages 12 to 17) and pre-service teachers and community educators (ages 22 to 40) in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Using an intersectional lens, we consider how intersecting power structures—gender, race, class, and disability—produce unequal impacts in relation to school and social experiences in New Brunswick. Centring youth agency, we position youth as knowledge producers through participatory visual methods of inquiry, including the making of zines (DIY print productions). With youth and pre-service teachers, through inquiry into existing and desired school and social experiences, we seek to make visual the practice of intergenerational solidarity building through zine production.
 Keywords: participatory visual research, queer, trans and non-binary youth, pre-service teachers, zines

Книжный репертуар типографий Саратовской губернии в 1918–1921 годах

The processes of nationalization, concentration and centralization of printing production in the Saratov province, which took place against the background of the events of the civil war, led to a reduction in the number of printing establishments. In 1918–1921, the province changed the publishing paradigm, and a group of the most productive and technically equipped printing houses was formed under the auspices of the Saratov Council. The article traces the dynamics of transformation of the book repertoire of printing houses in the region in the context of changing socio-economic and political reality.

Study on performances of graphite‐filled polypropylene/polyamide 6 composites manufactured by fused deposition modeling

AbstractThe application and development of 3D printing technology are greatly restricted due to the poor performance and single‐function of the manufactured products. Therefore, it is still an important topic to develop 3D printing products with excellent performance and multi‐functions. In this study, a novel graphite‐filled polypropylene/polyamide 6 composite was successfully prepared using fused deposition modeling (FDM, one of the most popular 3D printing technologies). The effects of graphite on printing quality, melt‐crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the composites were studied. In addition, the influence of different printing arrangements on the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the composite were also studied, and the existing performance regulation mechanisms were deeply explored through the microscopic morphology characterization (graphite sheet orientation and void distribution) and force analysis. This work demonstrates that components with specific performance requirements can be tuned and manufactured using FDM, which further expands the application and development of 3D printing technology in the field of functional composite materials.

IPTEK BAGI MASYARAKAT PEMANFAATAN TURBOJET DRIVE PRODUK 3D PRINTING UNTUK PERAHU NELAYAN SUNGAI DESA SEMPAN-BANGKA

Province of Bangka Belitung Islands has a large number of natural resources, including mining products, marine products, agricultural products, plantation products, and river products. One of the river products is fish and giant prawns which have high economic value which can be found in Bangka district, one of the places or rivers in Sempan village, Pemali sub-district. The river fishermen in the Pemali village fish and shrimp traditionally. The problem that occurs in these partners is that the boat still uses oars, this of course greatly slows down the movement in the river so that the catch of fish and giant prawns is small. Survey results on river fishermen partners on Sempan village, Pemali Bangka sub-district obtained data on the demand for a boat propulsion engine with low fuel consumption or a small engine displacement. The purpose of science and technology for river fishing communities is to increase the productivity of the catch of giant fish and prawns and as a means to save themselves from predators (crocodiles) when fishing for fish and shrimp in the river. The specific target of this IbM activity is expected to establish a cooperative and mutually beneficial relationship between partners and proposers from educational institutions. Partners get the right technology in the form of Turbojet Drive, 3D Printing product with a fuel-efficient engine. Agreed to propose to replace the boat propulsion system which originally used wooden oars to be replaced with a special “Turbojet Drive 3D Printing Product” propulsion with a fuel-efficient 58 cc engine. By replacing the offered boat propulsion, it is hoped that the targets and objectives of this IbM can be achieved and the catch of fish and giant prawns will increase. Thus, it is hoped that the standard of living of river fishermen will increase by using the appropriate technology offered by the proposing team.

Doing Digital but Prioritising Print: Functional Differentiation in Women’s Magazines in Singapore

ABSTRACT Digitalisation has prompted a myriad of changes in the journalism industry. This has affected different aspects of news work, particularly in newsroom production processes. Though such changes have received much scholarly attention, most studies have focused on hard news and less so on magazines and lifestyle journalism. However, magazines and lifestyle journalism are part of the broader journalism field and similarly deserve their own investigations. Boczkowski (2005. Digitizing the News. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) identified three production factors that are especially relevant with respect to the adoption of digital technologies in newsrooms: organisational structures, work practices, and representations of users. Through in-depth interviews with 24 journalists from Singaporean women’s magazines, we looked at how technological advances have affected the three production factors in these magazines. The findings suggest that there is a functional differentiation (Hanusch, F. 2017. “Web Analytics and the Functional Differentiation of Journalism Cultures: Individual, Organizational and Platform-specific Influences on Newswork.” Information, Communication & Society 20 (10): 1571–1586) in magazine newsrooms, where magazine journalists adopt different values, norms, and practices when engaging in print and digital productions. This has led to the development of distinct journalistic sub-cultures in a single newsroom, and a progressively divergent rather than convergent media environment.

Recent advances in dye removal from wastewater by membrane technology: a review

Dye contamination of wastewater has become one of the most critical environmental problems these days. The most critical sources of dyes in wastewater are from industries such as textile factories, food, paper and printing products and vehicles productions. There are various techniques for the removal of dyes from wastewater such as adsorption, oxidation process, photocatalyst, biological decolorization and membrane separation technology. In this paper, the recent advances in the removal of dyes from wastewater by membrane technology as one of the most promising and effective water treatment methods have been reviewed. This review paper covers published articles mostly from 2000 to 2020. It is evident from literature survey articles that nanofiltration (NF) is the most studied type of membrane for the elimination of dyes from wastewater.

Synthesis and Application of Reactive Dyes Based on Azo-Anthraquinone Skeleton to Realize Clean Printing of Cotton Fabrics

Traditional reactive dyes generate a large amount of colored wastewater during printing owing to low reactivity, causing severe environmental problems. In this investigation, four novel reactive dyes were synthesized via incorporating azo structure into anthraquinone chromophore. They were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectra. Their printing properties on cotton fabric were comprehensively studied. Attributed to multifunctional groups, the fixation of the novel reactive dyes can reach 98 % even at the dye concentration of 10 %. It increases by 30 % compared with traditional anthraquinone dyes. Moreover, the reactive dyes containing both mono-chlortriazine and bis(sulfatoethylsufone) groups can achieve urea-free printing. This research has a potential and significant application in the cleaner production of printing for cotton fabrics.

Applied properties and life cycle assessment of flexible packaging lamination processes: a comparative study

Environmental pollution is a growing problem in developing countries, including China. The packaging-printing industry is considered as one of the main contributors to air pollution in China. Film lamination represents a critical proportion of flexible packaging products. At present, traditional lamination technologies, e.g., dry lamination, consume considerable resources and generate massive pollution. Correspondingly, novel solventless lamination could effectively replace conventional lamination processes and reduce air pollution, particularly the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To promote cleaner packaging and printing production in China, we applied life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare solventless and dry film lamination processes in retort pouch packaging production and further validate the environmental advantages of the solventless approach. Our research model considered the entire LCA process with an emphasis on film composite processing. E-footprint software and databases were used to assess environmental impacts based on the ISO 14040 standards. In addition, the laminated films were further assessed for peel strength based on the GB standards. Six environmental indicators, including global warming potential (GWP), photochemical oxidant formation potential (POFP), primary energy demand (PED), water use (WU), acidification potential (AP), and respiratory inorganics (RI) were selected, with a particular focus on the first two indices. The LCA results showed that the environment impact of solventless lamination was markedly smaller than that of traditional dry lamination, with critical differences reflected in power consumption and adhesive type. Compared with dry lamination, solventless lamination reduced electrical energy consumption and CO2 emissions by 74.1% and 86.37%, respectively, and the unique adhesive reducing VOC emissions by more than 94.5%. Further estimation results confirmed the above findings, indicating that solventless production can reduce VOC and pollutant emissions from sources and thus promote cleaner production. In short, solventless lamination is an effective method, both in terms of performance and environmental friendliness.

3D imaging technologies in minimally invasive kidney and prostate cancer surgery: which is the urologists' perception?

Many specific 3D imaging technologies are currently available for the practising urologists. The aim of the study was to assess their perception about different 3D imaging tools in the field of prostate and kidney cancer surgery. All the attendees of the 8th Techno-Urology-Meeting were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding the role of 3D virtual reconstruction PDFs, 3D printing models, augmented-reality (AR) and mixed reality technology in the setting of surgical planning, patient counselling, intraoperative guidance and training for kidney and prostate cancer surgery; Moreover the different materials used for 3D printing were compared to assess the most suitable in reproducing the organ and tumor features, as well as their estimated cost and production time. The population consisted of 180 attendees. Overall, AR was the preferred option for intraoperative guidance and training, in both prostate (55% and 38.3%) and kidney cancer surgery (58.3% and 40%). HoloLens (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) was perceived as the best imaging technology for the surgical planning (50% for prostate and 60% for kidney), whereas printed models for patients counselling (66.7% for prostate and 61.7% for kidney). Fused deposition models were deemed as the best printing technology in representing kidney anatomy and renal tumor location (40%), while silicon (46.7%) and Polyjet (36.7%) models for prostate anatomy and cancer location. Finally, attendees demonstrated poor knowledge of 3D printing costs and production times. Our study shows the perceptions of a heterogeneous surrogate of practicing urologists about the role and potential applications of 3D imaging technologies in daily surgical practice.

Error Analysis and Process Parameter Optimization of Impeller Model Manufactured by FDM Process

Through the process of making impeller model by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), the error of 3D printing forming process was analyzed, including principle error, forming error and post-processing error. The error caused by measurement is analyzed, and the causes of the error and the solving methods are expounded in detail. By analyzing the errors in the size of impeller models, the possible causes of errors can be analyzed. Combining the forming conditions and the actual situation, the optimization method of process parameters is analyzed, which can provide a certain reference for 3D printing production and testing the best process parameters.

Colour space conversion model from CMYK to CIELab based on CS‐WNN

AbstractIn the process of colour space conversion from CMYK to CIELab, colour difference will be caused, which has a negative impact on the quality of digital printing products. In this article, an improved wavelet neural network (WNN) model optimised by cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is proposed to reduce the colour difference. Initially, the colour space conversion model based on WNN is established. The CS algorithm is used to optimise the initial weights and parameters of dilation and translation in the WNN model. Then, 1296 samples are made to train the CS‐WNN model. Finally, 100 test samples are input into the trained network to obtain the corresponding L, a and b values of CIELab. The experimental results show that the average conversion colour difference () of the proposed model is 3.469. The conversion accuracy and stability of the proposed model are better than the traditional neural network.

Advanced Treatment of Printing and Packaging Production Wastewater

Aiming to ensure the quality of final effluent, combined with the existing research reports and similar engineering experience, the process of “Coagulation Sedimentation Contact Oxidation MBR” is selected as the main body to treat the wastewater in this paper. After the wastewater treatment system operates normally for one year, the results show that the removal rates of COD, BOD5, SS and chroma can reach 97.8%, 97.7%, 97.4% and 96.0% respectively, and the corresponding effluent concentrations are 96 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 18 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively, which meets and is better than the secondary discharge standard of the Integrated Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants in Haihe River Basin of Shandong Province (DB37/675-2007). The process has certain engineering advantages as the quality of wastewater treatment is high and the total cost of electricity and medicament for the wastewater treatment is low.

Life cycle assessment of integrated additive–subtractive concrete 3D printing

A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on an innovative concrete 3D printing system, offering the following main advantages: (1) additive and subtractive capabilities, allowing for the automated post-processing of printed parts, including operations such as surface polishing, grooving and drilling and (2) the use of a cable robot, which is less expensive, lighter, more transportable, more energy-efficient and more easily reconfigurable than alternatives such as gantry-type systems. The production of a 4-m height structural pillar was assessed, comparing it to production with traditional methods, namely, using a mould. The study included the entire supply chain of the 3D printing equipment, operation and end-of-life, based on real data from the design and operation of a demonstration plant installed in Spain. Data for traditional construction was based on literature and expert judgement. The 3D production process included printing the pillar perimeter in four pieces with 3D printing concrete, transporting to the construction site and reinforcing and casting with conventional concrete. Traditional production involved reinforcing and casting with the mould on-site. The results show that when only one pillar needs to be produced, 3D printing has a lower environmental impact in all the environmental indicators assessed when compared to using a mould that is discarded after a single use. As an example, GHG emissions are lower by 38%. It was also found that the contribution of 3D printing to the environmental impact of producing a pillar is almost negligible, representing less than 1% of the pillar’s total GHG emissions. However, when the same pillar needs to be produced in higher numbers, the results show that 3D printing and conventional production have a similar environmental impact, given that the mould used in conventional production can be reused, becoming a comparatively efficient option.

Dyeing recipe prediction of cotton fabric based on hyperspectral colour measurement and an improved recurrent neural network

AbstractPrecise dyeing recipe prediction is important in the final colour reproduction of textile dyeing and printing products. Currently, the widely used dyeing recipe prediction methods based on colour tri‐stimulus cannot effectively avoid the metamerism phenomenon. An intelligent dyeing recipe prediction model for cotton fabric dyeing is proposed in this paper based on hyperspectral colour measurement and a deep learning algorithm. The hyperspectral colour measurement can obtain three‐dimensional spectral information (X, Y and λ) of fabric samples, and can acquire accurate colour values even with uneven samples if the regional correlation algorithm is used. A deep learning algorithm based on an improved recurrent neural network was then employed to establish the model between spectral reflectance and the dyeing recipe. In total, 343 evenly dyed and 20 unevenly dyed fabric samples were dyed using the dyestuffs of Reactive Red CI 238, Reactive Blue CI 204 and Reactive Yellow CI 206, upon which the recipe prediction model was based, established and evaluated. The experimental results show that the proposed model based on hyperspectral colour measurement and our algorithm can provide higher prediction accuracy for Reactive Red CI 238, Reactive Blue CI 204 and Reactive Yellow CI 206. The relative prediction errors are 3.40%, 2.70% and 3.10%, respectively, for these three types of dyeing recipe, while the relative prediction errors are 19.60%, 22.60% and 11.83%, respectively, using the Datacolor 650 recipe prediction model.