Printed Monopole Antenna Research Articles

Dual Band Notched CPW Fed Printed Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

Dual Band Notched CPW Fed Printed Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

High-Isolation Two-Port UWB Antenna Based on Shared Structure

In this communication, a novel planar structure-shared diverse two-port ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with high isolation and common ground is proposed based on a new slot-loaded method. A tapered slot with an end-fire radiation pattern is etched in the top middle section of a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed printed monopole antenna to reduce its effects on the monopole mode. The two-port UWB antenna features diverse patterns which can fully cover the upper space. A nonuniformly symmetric-coupled coplanar waveguide (NSC-CPW) is introduced to enable the two sets of the feeding structures sharing a ground plane with minimum interaction. Due to the modal orthogonality, high isolation between the two ports is obtained without additional decoupling structures. The experimental results of the proposed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna indicate that the isolation is higher than 31.4 dB and the diversity gain is approximately 10 dB within a wide frequency range from 2.98 to 10 GHz. Meanwhile, high realized peak gain (>2.5 dB) and good efficiency (>80%) are also obtained for both the ports.

Design of miniaturized super wideband printed monopole antenna operating from 0.7 to 18.5 GHz

A design of compact Super-Wide Band (SWB) antenna with enhanced- bandwidth for wireless application is presented in this article. The proposed structure has fusion geometry of circular, square and trapezoidal slots on the rectangular radiator with a defected ground plane being used to enhance the VSWR bandwidth. Rectangular and trapezoidal-shaped slots are added in the ground plane to enhance the impedance bandwidth towards the lower cut off frequency. The proposed antenna has VSWR ≤ 2, average gain of 4.68 dBi, radiation efficiency of ≥ 83, fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 185.41%, and good pattern characteristics are achieved throughout the band. Moreover, the proposed SWB antenna is implemented in two ports multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)/diversity antenna. The diversified performances of MIMO antenna are calculated and it is observed that the proposed system has an isotropic radiation pattern. Four different configurations of MIMO antennas are designed and good isolation is achieved from port-to-port. The fabricated antenna has good agreement between simulated and measured results. The proposed antenna finds its applications in a wide range of UWB, K and Ku band portable devices.

A novel etched-substrate mechanism for characteristics improvement of X-band broadband printed monopole antenna

A unique tiny wideband antenna with improvements in fundamental features is offered. The antenna consists of a crown-shaped patch and an incomplete ground plane. The proposed patch shape is constructed by introducing multiple truncated circular-shaped arcs, which help to enhance the performance of the designed antenna. A unique strategy of etching the substrate structure, is integrated which aims to provide a useful solution for the excitation of the surface waves within the microstrip antenna. The essential attributes including impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the recommended antenna are strengthened after the removal of these portions. The recommended antenna can be used for X-band applications with a compact size of 30 × 30 mm2. The usable impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ 10 dB) covered by the proposed antenna is 6.2 GHz and ranges from 5.8 to 12 GHz. The antenna is experimentally tested to confirm the outcomes of the simulation thus, a satisfactory agreement is reached between simulated and measured results that prove the antenna’s validity for wideband operations.

Investigations on a low-profile, filter backed, printed monopole antenna for UWB communication

A compact, printed dual band-notched, filter backed antenna or filtenna, with suppressed radiation characteristics outside the ultra-wide frequency band (UWB) has been scripted in this manuscript. The filtenna has been designed to work in the UWB frequency domain (03.1 - 10.6 GHz), as prescribed by federal communications commission (FCC). Band-notching structures have been incorporated in the radiating element for realization of dual band- notches for WLAN and WiMAX. The novelty lies in the fact that, a microstrip band pass filter has been introduced in the antenna feeding section for improvement of the cut-off frequency and frequency selectivity. An impedance bandwidth (S 11 ≤ -10.0 dB) of 03.1 - 10.6 GHz has been obtained excepting two frequency-notches having centre frequencies of 03.5 GHz and 05.5 GHz, respectively. Promise able simulation results followed by measurement, justify the applicability of the novel filtenna for UWB communications.

A compact broadband circularly polarized printed monopole antenna using twin parasitic conducting strips and rectangular metasurface for RF energy harvesting application

In this paper, a low-profile, compact and efficient broadband circularly polarized (CP) printed Y-shaped monopole antenna using twin parasitic conducting strips and rectangular metasurface is investigated for RF energy harvesting. The proposed antenna comprises of simple Y-shaped linearly polarized (LP) monopole antenna with the partial ground plane [antenna-1]. To achieve CP from LP, one of the parasitic conducting strip (PCSL) is shorted with partial ground plane [antenna 2]. Using rectangular metasurface of 1.06λo × 0.3λo × 0.02λo, i.e. parasitic patch below the upper edge of FR-4 substrate [antenna-3], is used to improve impedance bandwidth and axial bandwidth. Antenna-3 is fabricated on FR-4 substrate, with overall dimension of 1.21λo × 0.9λo × 0.02λo at λo = 4.5 GHz. It offers measured impedance bandwidth of 2.62 GHz (3.27–5.89 GHz, 57.21%), with axial bandwidth of 1.21 GHz (4.21–5.42 GHz, 25.25%) and average gain of 4.92 dBi with antenna efficiency ≥ 72%. Time domain characteristics is analysed and obtained group delay is within 2 ns in the desired band. It is observed from the results that the proposed antenna can be used for RF energy harvesting application. The proposed antenna embedded with multi-stage rectifier of RF energy system is analyzed, calculated RF-to-DC efficiency using ADS and reported.

ANALYSIS OF UWB BASED ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Ultra-wideband wireless communications techniques have many merits, including an extremely simple radio that inherently leads to low-cost design, large processing gain for robust operations in the presence of narrowband interference, covert operations, and fine time resolution for accurate position sensing. However, there are a number of challenges in UWB receiver design, such as capturing multipath energy, inter symbol interference especially in a non-line-of-sight environment, and the need for high-sampling-rate analog-to-digital converters. Microstrip Patch antenna (MPA) provides low profile and low volume, so it is use in a now a days communication devices. In this paper study of past few year shows that most of labour on MPA is targeted on planning compact sized microstrip antenna. A novel ultra-wideband printed monopole antenna can be used in wireless communication devices.

CSRR‐loaded UWB monopole antenna with electronically tunable triple band‐notch characteristics for cognitive radio applications

AbstractThis article introduces a compact configuration of printed monopole antenna with electronically tunable band‐notched function for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications. A partially grounded rectangular shaped monopole is designed initially to achieve UWB behavior. The notch characteristics are then introduced by employing three complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) on the radiating surface. The proposed antenna exhibits an ultra‐wide operating band ranging from 1.98 to 10.54 GHz with the notched frequencies at 2.37, 3.03, and 4.18 GHz, respectively. In order to accomplish versatility in the antenna operation, the notched frequencies are controlled electronically by implementing three varactor diodes in between the split‐ring slots. By applying an appropriate reverse bias voltage, the triple notched bands are tuned over the frequency bands: 1.58‐2.12 GHz, 2.24‐2.68 GHz, and 3.08‐3.78 GHz, respectively. A prototype with an overall dimension of 34.9 × 31.3 × 1.6 mm3 has been fabricated to experimentally determine the tuning capability of the antenna structure. The experimental result establishes close correspondence with the simulated antenna properties. The suggested antenna can be implemented practically to reject interferences from complete 1.5‐2.1 GHz LTE systems, and 2.5/3.5 GHz‐WiMAX bands, simultaneously. The capability of tuning three notched‐bands together is distinctive and has not been reported in the published literature to the best of authors' knowledge.

Butterfly Shaped Printed Monopole Antenna for Ultra Wide Band Applications

In this paper, a microstrip line fed butterfly shaped monopole UWB antenna is proposed for wireless applications. The wings of butterfly shaped monopole antenna is formed by adding two rotated ellipse of same radius symmetrically placed about the centre of feeding line. The proposed antenna exhibits impedance bandwidth of 3.1-11.9 GHz which covers the whole ultra-wideband frequency range from 3.1-10.6 GHz. The performance is characterised in terms of VSWR, radiation patterns, impedance bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna can be used for various UWB applications like high performance in noisy environment, low transmission power, cost effectiveness and large channel capacity.

Low profile Compact Printed Monopole Antenna for Satellite based AIS Application

In this paper, a simple, low profile compact printed monopole antenna has been proposed for satellite based automatic identification system (SB-AIS). The design consists of a printed monopole, which has been meandered to achieve optimum size reduction. The detailed investigation in terms of bending of the arms of monopole, width of the patch and dimensions of the ground plane on the resonance frequency and input impedance is presented. The antenna is matched to a typical 50 Ω coaxial line without any requirement of external matching structures. The prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested at an operating frequency of 161 MHz for SB-AIS, with compact size of 44.5 . 17 cm2. The measured results show that the antenna has a bandwidth of 15 MHz (9.3 per cent), gain of 1.87 dBi and beam-width of 82° in the elevation and omnidirectional in azimuthal plane. The size reduction is 53.8 per cent as compared to a linear printed monopole antenna.

A Dual-Band Zero-Index Metamaterial Superstrate for Concurrent Antenna Gain Enhancement at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz

ABSTRACT The classical printed monopole antenna exhibits wideband operation with low gain and an omnidirectional radiation pattern. In order to boost the gain of the antenna at two frequency bands, a novel dual-band zero-index metamaterial (ZIM) based on both electric and magnetic resonance is developed. The printed monopole is also backed by a metallic ground plane for unidirectional radiation pattern towards boreside. The presented unit cell is comprised of two Schurig split-ring resonators nested together in such an arrangement that it leads to a zero refractive index at two distinct frequencies. Using the proposed design methodology, a ZIM is designed operating at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz. To substantiate the improvement in gain, the proposed design is fabricated and used with a cavity-backed printed monopole antenna. The metamaterial superstrate increases the measured realized gain of the printed monopole antenna by 3.2 dB at 3.5 GHz and by 2.5 dB at 2.4 GHz, in agreement with simulations.

Broadband µ-negative antenna using ELC unit cell

A broadband printed monopole antenna is designed by using ELC (Electric Inductive–Capacitive) based metamaterial element for WLAN applications. The proposed antenna comprises single ring hexagon loaded with ELC metamaterial for broadband radiation. ELC is designed with a square loop nested inside the ring hexagon structure which is coupled by the small metal stub. By introducing ELC, it significantly improves the impedance bandwidth of the antenna due to unique EM wave property. The band characteristics of the ELC and its metamaterial property (negative permeability) are explained through waveguide setup method. The designed antenna involves with dimensions 30 × 30 × 0.8 mm3 and fabricated on a low-cost Flame Retardant-4 substrate having εr = 4.4 and tanδ = 0.02. It yields an impedance bandwidth of 2600 MHz (2.61–5.21 GHz) with a dual resonance of 3.21 GHz and 4.89 GHz, which is usable for WiMAX, C-band and WLAN applications. The measured far-filed pattern exhibits a stable pattern. The proposed antenna has many benefits, such as comprising compact size, simple structure, lower S11 (dB) and capable of broadband characteristics.

Compact microstrip monopole antenna with Enhanced Gain using Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC)

This paper presents the performance of a microstrip monopole antenna with and without an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC). The antenna and AMC structures are designed at 2.45 GHz using Rogers RO3003 and RT5880 respectively. The thickness of the substrate of the antenna is 1.52 mm and the permittivity are 3. For the AMC, the thickness and the permittivity of the substrate are 3.18 mm and 2.2. The designed antenna has a hexagonal shape, and it is grounded by 3x3 AMC array. From the simulated results, it is found that integrating the AMC structure to the printed monopole antenna was significantly improved the gain and directivity of the antenna. With the AMC, the achieved gain is 6.54 dB, which exhibited 3.68 dB of increment. This antenna has high gain, as it has both high radiation efficiency and directivity. Its directivity increased from 3.01 dBi to 7.14 dBi. The measured results are in align with the simulated results. The antenna still operate at the desired frequency. The recorded measured gain is 5.33 dB, with 20.3 dB return loss at 2.4 GHz. Thus, the design of the monopole antenna with the AMC is suitable as a RFID tag, because it can improve the RFID reading distance.

A compact broadband coplanar waveguide fed circularly polarized printed monopole antenna with asymmetric modified ground plane

In this communication, a broadband circularly polarized (CP) monopole antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding is proposed. It consists of a modified rectangular monopole, an asymmetric ground plane, a two-linked inverted L-shaped strips on the left CPW ground, and two rectangular horizontal slots in asymmetric CPW ground plane. The overall dimension is only 0.47λ o × 0.47λ o. The antenna prototype has been fabricated. The measured results indicate that a broad −10 dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 107.5% (4.3 GHz, 1.85-6.15 GHz) and a broad 3 dB axial ratio ARBW of 104.3% (4 GHz, 1.855-5.9 GHz) can be achieved; the average realized gain is 2.3 dBi for the entire CP band. The proposed antenna is an attractive candidate for several wireless communication systems.

A high gain wideband circularly polarized microstrip antenna

AbstractIn this paper, a high gain wideband circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is presented for broadband operation. The proposed structure comprised of a partially grounded printed monopole antenna loaded with a split ring resonator and a metallic reflector. By using the metallic reflector surface underneath the patch radiator results in the reflected waves in the same phase with main lobe radiation, thereby improving the gain and it also acts like a secondary radiator to generate wideband CP behavior in the proposed design. A gain enhancement of 4.3 dBi is achieved in the operating frequency band as compared with the design without a metallic reflector. The maximum gain achieved in the presented method is 8.6 dBic over the entire operating range. The proposed design shows a wideband behavior ranging from 4.30 to 9.10 GHz with the 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 71.64%. In addition, the proposed design yielded a broadside right hand CP radiation with a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 33.88% from 4.98 to 7.01 GHz. The proposed antenna is fabricated and experimental results on reflection coefficient, gain, axial ratio, and radiation patterns concede well with simulation results.

Frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna with harmonic suppression for IoT applications

This work proposes a new reconfigurable printed monopole antenna for IoT devices working with the promising wireless technology Wi-Fi 6. Based on effective resonant length value, the antenna has the ability to reconfigure its operating band between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM bands. Therefore, the designed antenna works as an RF band-pass filter which reduces receiver complexity and supports network scalability. One PIN diode with complete biasing circuit is integrated to the antenna radiator to obtain re-configurability. Furthermore, two stubs are added to the antenna structure in order to suppress harmonic component which appears near to the higher band (5 GHz) when antenna forced to work at the lower band (2.4 GHz). The design built over commercially available FR-4 substrate with a compact size of (33.5x16x1.6) mm 3 . CST software is used to simulate antenna performance in terms of flection coefficient, radiation pattern, efficiency, and gain.

A novel modified U-shaped microstrip antenna for super wide band (SWB) applications

In this work, a novel wideband microstrip modified slotted U-shaped printed monopole antenna operating from 3 to 20 GHz for super-wideband applications is proposed. To have an effect on the enhancement of bandwidth and to get better impedance matching over the frequency band, three modifications are introduced, the first one is to print two symmetric triangular shaped slots in the radiating element and the second one is to modify the partial rectangular ground plane to be defected ground plane by slotting three triangular structures. The third modification is to embed a circular slot in the center of the patch for integrating the entire FCC band (3.1–10.6 GHz) in the super wide band antenna. Both CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS 3-D EM solver were used for the simulation analysis of antennas while measurements after fabrication are performed by applying ZVB 20—vector network analyzer 20 MHz–20 GHz. The average maximum gain of the antenna is 5.72 dB with good radiation patterns. The antennas have only been measured up to 20 GHz (the upper frequency limit of the laboratory vector network analyzer device), simulations results both in CST and HFSS shows satisfactory design’s performance up to 40 GHz. So as this antenna is a candidate to fulfils the future UWB spectrum requirements in a very wide band. A good agreement between the measured and simulated results is achieved in term of return loss in the measured band (up to 20 GHz).

Truncated Ground Plane Multiband Monopole Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications

This paper presents a low profile multiband printed monopole antenna with a rectangular patch and truncated ground. The patch is embedded with two crossed C-shaped slots and the ground with two E-shaped slots. The antenna is very compact and applicable for Wireless LAN and WiMAX applications with a quite good gain and efficiency for all three bands. Parameters like return loss, radiation pattern, gain, radiation efficiency and current distribution are analyzed by the radiation pattern curve. Parametric analysis is done to understand the effects of various parameters. Simulation and measured data have been compared and found in agreement.

Compact broadband printed quasi‐Yagi antenna with series‐fed double monopole

AbstractIn this study, a new configuration of a low profile, broadband printed quasi‐Yagi antenna with two directly fed monopoles has been proposed. The property of a printed monopole antenna with a simple microstrip feed‐line has been used to simplify feeding structure of the printed quasi‐Yagi antenna. A broad bandwidth is achieved by cascading another monopole element of different lengths in a series to obtain two nearby resonances. The proposed antenna consists of two driven monopoles on one side of the dielectric substrate, whereas, on the other side, a reflector and a director are realized as parasitic monopole elements, directly on the ground plane. The measured impedance bandwidth of 70.2% (1.46‐3.05 GHz) with stable gain ranging from 4.7 to 5.3 dBi in the entire bandwidth has been achieved. The antenna has the front‐to‐back ratio better than 10 dB and cross‐polarization level below −20 dB in the direction of maximum radiation over the entire bandwidth. The simulated performance of the antenna has been experimentally verified with good agreement.

A Novel Printed Monopole Antenna With Stepped Impedance Hairpin Resonator Loading

In this paper, a novel printed monopole antenna loaded by a stepped impedance hairpin resonator (SIHR) with radial stubs is presented. By loading a SIHR at the bottom of the printed monopole antenna, a printed monopole antenna can be achieved. The resonant frequency of the proposed printed monopole antenna is reduced by the strong coupling between the SIHR and the printed monopole. By utilizing electromagnetic simulation software CST, the antenna is simulated and optimized. After the principle is stated, a sample antenna has been fabricated and measured to verify the predicted performance of our proposed antenna.