Printed Log Periodic Dipole Research Articles

Design of a Compact Log Periodic Dipole Array Antenna for Broadband and High-Power Beam Synthesis Using Superposition

This paper investigates various array beam shapes for high-power electronic warfare applications using an actual broadband array antenna. For use in a limited mounting space, a compact printed log periodic dipole array (LPDA) operating over a wide bandwidth is designed. The LPDA is then extended to an 8 × 1 array, with active element patterns (AEPs) obtained through simulation and measurement. Beam synthesis is performed by the superposition of several array patterns, which involves adjusting the weight of each AEP. To derive a synthesized array beam shape that is similar to the guided mask, the Taylor window weighting method is applied to each array pattern. Finally, beam synthesis for the flat-top beam, cosecant-squared beam, and iso-flux beam is performed using Taylor window-weighted AEPs, and the results are compared with those of beam shapes using ideal isotropic patterns. The results demonstrate that various beam shapes can be achieved for high-power electronic warfare applications using the AEPs of an actual array antenna.

Optimized LPDA Antenna for IoT Applications

In this new era of fast-growing industry revolution, IoT has become integral part of most industries. In this paper, a high directivity printed log periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna printed on a FR4 substrate is proposed for the application of IoT communication. The simulation result of NSGA-II optimized antenna is then compared and validated with another optimization scheme, MOEA\\D algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has low sidelobe level of -13.9dB with the VSWR < 2 across the dual bandwidth of 0.3027 GHz and 5.6289 GHz from 4.2166 GHz to 4.5193 GHz and 5.8412 GHz to 11.47 GHz respectively. The proposed antenna has achieved a new low side lobe level of -13.9 dB. It is also possesses a wide bandwidth which enhanced from 2.52GHz to the dual bandwidth of 0.3027 GHz and 5.6289 GHz on 4.2166 GHz to 4.5193 GHz and 5.8412 GHz to 11.47 GHz respectively. It has a good realized gain of 8.42dBi with the increment of 1.42dBi after optimization. The multi objective genetic algorithm optimizes the realized gain, directivity, sidelobe level, bandwidth, standing wave ratio of the proposed antenna which is well suited for practical applications in physical layer IoT communication.

Design and analysis of a super wideband (0.09[formula omitted]30.14 THz) graphene based log periodic dipole array antenna for terahertz applications

A micro-scaled printed log periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna is proposed for terahertz (THz) applications. The proposed low profile graphene conductor based LPDA antenna is designed with integrated protudent dipoles to realize super wide bandwidth and high gain characteristics. The suggested THz antenna is designed on a 10 µm thick Rogers RT / Duroid 5880 ™ substrate material of dimension 450 µm × 500 µm. The proposed antenna exhibits 2:1 VSWR operating super wide bandwidth (SWB) of 30050 GHz (0.09–30.14 THz) with a peak gain of 16.02 dBi. The designed antenna shows fractional bandwidth of 199.46% along with a huge bandwidth ratio of 334.88:1. The radiation efficiency balancing from 85% to 98.2% is maintained throughout the whole operating –10 dB SWB (0.09–30.14 THz). Design formulation of the proposed structure, structural parametric analysis, surface current distribution and characteristics parameters are discussed in detail in this paper. The proposed antenna covers the entire frequency band of the terahertz region to support a number of sub-terahertz and terahertz communication applications such as high speed short distance communication, video rate imaging, biomedical imaging, surveillance, mine detection, sensing, and security scanning.

Design and Optimization of Compact Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antennas with Extended Low-Frequency Response

This paper initially presents an overview of different miniaturization techniques used for size reduction of printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antennas, and then continues by presenting a design of a conventional PLPDA design that operates from 0.7–8 GHz and achieves a realized gain of around 5.5 dBi in most of its bandwidth. This antenna design is then used as a baseline model to implement a novel technique to extend the low-frequency response. This is completed by replacing the longest straight dipole with a triangular-shaped dipole and by optimizing the four longest dipoles of the antenna using the Trust Region Framework algorithm in CST. The improved antenna with extended low-frequency response operates from 0.4 GHz to 8 GHz with a slightly reduced gain at the lower frequencies.

Miniaturised band notched printed LPDA design with meander fractal dipole for UWB communication

ABSTRACT In this paper, a miniaturised band-notched Printed Log Periodic Dipole Array (PLPDA) is designed with fractal dipole for UWB Communication. The miniaturisation is achieved using Meander fractal geometry applied to each dipole element of the PLPDA. The sub-sectional tapered concept is integrated to achieve notches in the WLAN band (5.15 GHz-5.825 GHz) and the WiMAX band (3.4 GHz-3.6 GHz). A broad bandwidth of 7.78 GHz is achieved here by using this fractal geometry-based band-notch concept. The structure of UWB-PLPDA is fabricated on a RO3003 substrate material. Initially, a surface area reduction of 79% in the case of PLPDA with sub-sectional tapered dipole and later, a surface area reduction of 82% with improved performances in case of PLPDA with meander line fractal, are achieved compared to the simple PLPDA design. The simulated design models are physically fabricated, and the measured results found in good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed miniaturised PLPDA is a suitable candidate for high-speed-short-range wireless communications.

Compact and wideband printed log-periodic dipole array antenna using multi-sigma and multi-Tau techniques

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a wideband printed log periodic dipole array antenna (PLPDA) is designed to cover WiMAX (3.3, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz), WLAN (3.657–3.690 GHz, 802.11y), 4.942–4.948 GHz (802.11/a-j), and 5.180–5.825 GHz (802.11/a-n). Three effective techniques including MS (Multi-Sigma), MT (Multi-Tau), and Meander-line techniques for size reduction and bandwidth improvement are employed. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the fabricated antenna is 86% (3–7.8 GHz) and the average peak gain and radiation efficiency are 3.7 dB and 90%, respectively. The overall size of the presented antenna is 37 × 52 mm2, (0.37), where is the wavelength at the lowest frequency of the operating band.

Design and optimization of a non-cross feed printed log periodic dipole array antenna using particle swarm optimization

This paper presents an optimized design of non-cross feed Printed Log Periodic Dipole Array (PLPDA) antenna using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. An improved feed structure of non-cross fed dipoles is chosen as reference antenna, which avoids the complexity of conventional feeding with long coaxial line and CPW feed. A simple fitness function based on S11 parameter is used in PSO to achieve the goal of size reduction and bandwidth enhancement. Simulation results on CST software are verified by a manufactured prototype of proposed PSO optimized non-cross feed PLPDA antenna using FR 4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The measured bandwidth of proposed antenna is 4.2–11.6 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 93.6%, whereas the reference antenna covers the frequency range from 4.2 to 9.2 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 74.6%. The effective area of the proposed design is 30% lesser than reference antenna. Proposed antenna is offering peak gain of 7.6 dBi with an average gain of 5.5 dBi in desired band. The electrical size of optimized structure is 0.53λ at center frequency. Thus, proposed antenna is offering higher bandwidth and significantly smaller size with less complexity and lower cost, while maintaining the log periodic nature and gain.

Low‐cost high gain printed log‐periodic dipole array antenna with dielectric lenses for V‐band applications

Three different V-band high gain printed log periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna prototypes are proposed. The antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested. A good agreement between the experimental and simulated results is obtained. Results show that those antenna prototypes can operate from 42 to 82 GHz with a fractional impedance bandwidth of 64.5% covering the whole V-band (50–75 GHz). At 60 GHz, the three antenna prototypes have peak gain of 12.64, 23.31 and 26.79 dBi with a gain variation of 3.5 dBi across the whole V-band with stable radiation patterns over the operating band. The proposed PLPDA antenna prototypes achieve good side-lobe suppression, excellent front-to-back ratio in both E- and H-planes and low cross-polarisation levels over the entire frequency range.

Performance investigation of V-band PLPDA antenna loaded with a hemispherical dielectric lens for millimeter-wave applications

In this letter, a V-band millimeter-wave high gain printed log periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna loaded with a hemispherical dielectric lens is proposed. Performance investigation of loading the PLPDA antenna with a hemispherical dielectric lens is presented and discussed here. Parametric studies to address the effect of hemispherical dielectric lens geometrical parameters are performed and explained. The proposed antenna prototype is simulated, fabricated, and tested. Measured and simulated results show that this antenna can cover the whole V-band. At 60 GHz, the antenna has peak gain of 23.31 dBi with good side-lobe suppression, excellent front-to-back ratio in both E- and H-planes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:630–634, 2015

Study the Effect of Using Low-Cost Dielectric Lenses with Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Design of V-band high-gain printed log periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna loaded with a low-cost spherical dielectric lens is introduced. The proposed antenna consists of microstrip-line-fed log-periodic dipole antenna designed to operate in the V-band with a peak gain of 12.64 dBi at 60 GHz. To enhance the antenna gain, a dielectric lens is installed. The antenna prototype is fabricated and then tested experimentally using Agilent E8364B PNA Network Analyzer. Experimental results agree well with the simulated ones. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna can work from 42 GHz up to 82 GHz with a fractional impedance bandwidth of 64.5% covering the whole V-band (50–75 GHz). At 60 GHz, the proposed antenna has peak gain of 26.79 dBi with a gain variation of 3.5 dBi across the whole V-band with stable radiation patterns over the operating band. The proposed PLPDA antenna achieves good side-lobe suppression, excellent front-to-back ratio in bothE- andH-planes, and low cross-polarization levels over the entire frequency range. These unique features will make this antenna suitable for different interesting applications such as millimeter-wave radar and imaging applications.

Low-Return-Loss Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna

In this letter, a low-return-loss printed log-periodic dipole antenna (PLPDA) fed by a coaxial cable is presented. The widths of dipole elements are optimized to increase the bandwidth. A study of coaxial cable position is included in order to improve the antenna behavior. The measured return loss is lower than -15 dB from 2.1 to 4.3 GHz. The measured gain varies between 6 and 7 dBi. The measurements, including input impedance, gain and radiation patterns, and simulations are in agreement.

A new design methodology for Printed Log-Periodic Monopole Antenna

In theory, Log-Periodic Antenna (LPA) is a linearly polarized antenna with frequency independent properties on the input impedance and gain patterns. Owing to these characteristics, LPA has gained research interests and been employed for many wideband applications. A Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna (PLPDA) with multiple notched bands is proposed for Ultra-WideBand (UWB) applications. An antenna with the notched frequencies of 1.03 GHz, 1.28 GHz, 1.72 GHz, 2.24 GHz and 2.51 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. An antenna model was established on the substrate of FR4 and feed by a stripline. The simulation results show that the antenna can achieve an impendence wide bandwidth from 0.89 to 2.58 GHz with return loss less than −10 dB and exhibit stable antenna gain. Furthermore, the measurement result is better consistent with simulation result.

Ultrawideband Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna With Multiple Notched Bands

A printed log-periodic dipole antenna (PLPDA) with multiple notched bands is proposed for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. The impedance bandwidth of 3.1 GHz–10.6 GHz with VSWR less than 2 is achieved based on the wideband property of the PLPDA as well as the half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) Balun. Different from omnidirectional UWB antennas, the end-fire radiation pattern of the PLPDA is more stable within the UWB band. Multiple notched bands are generated by integrating U-shaped slots into the PLPDA for blocking the interference from other narrow band wireless communication systems. Several antennas with the notched frequencies of 3.5 GHz, 5.5 GHz, 6.8 GHz, and 8.5 GHz are designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in agreement with the predicted results.

Wideband frequency reconfiguration of a printed log periodic dipole array

AbstractA reconfigurable printed log periodic dipole array (LPDA) is presented.It is shown that several frequency bands across a wide frequency range can be selected by switching the printed dipoles of the LPDA. In comparison with the reconfigurable printed dipole antenna introduced by the present authors before, the significant advantage of the reconfigurable LPDA lies in its flexibility in selecting the frequency bands with different bandwidths. The measurement results show that the reconfigurable LPDA operates over a frequency range of 3:1. The characteristics of the wideband reconfigurable LPDA is suitable for frequency switching in FCC ultra wideband allocation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:861–864, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25040