Principles Of Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS AND PARADIGMATIC MECHANISMS OF PERSONAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

The purpose of this article is a complete, comprehensive, bibliometric, doctrinal and empirical study of the general theoretical foundations of economic dimensions and paradigmatic mechanisms for managing personal security. The methodological basis of the work is a pluralistic and complementary combination of modern general philosophical and legal approaches, general scientific and special scientific methods, techniques and principles of scientific knowledge, due to the uniqueness of the subject of research, necessary to ensure its objective study. By means of bibliometric analysis, the trends and key areas of personal security research in the context of financial and economic security are determined. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the general theoretical foundations of economic dimensions and paradigmatic mechanisms of personal safety management is presented using a wide range of general and special scientific methods, techniques and principles of scientific knowledge. The generalization of the paradigmatic mechanism of the empirical study of the components of personal security made it possible to distinguish the following components: motivational one – the need for security, emotional one – the sensitivity to dangers, cognitive one – the beliefs about security, and behavioural one – the forms of response to hazards. The authors proved that there is a correlation between the indicators of the personal security component "Beliefs about security". In particular, it can be assumed that the significance of a person to himself determines the degree of his self-control and, accordingly, the reaction to external factors in the context of ensuring security. Besides, the benevolence of the world directly affects the self-esteem of the individual and his ability to control the processes around him.

ДІАГНОСТИКА ЙМОВІРНОСТІ БАНКРУТСТВА ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

Formulation of the problem. In the period of today's complex challenges - the conduct of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, the consequences of the pandemic, an unfavorable investment climate, and others - the detection of the probability of bankruptcy of enterprises is of particular importance. Timely detection of the onset of crisis phenomena using various methods and models and the adoption of precautionary measures ensure the avoidance of financial instability in the future. Therefore, conducting a timely diagnosis of the probability of bankruptcy is relevant, because there is a growing need for effective financial management in order to achieve the goals set by enterprises in the long term. The purpose of the research is to build a methodology for diagnosing the probability of bankruptcy of enterprises based on various bankruptcy models, based on the conditions of their activity, and to form forecasts of their further development on this basis. The object of the research is the process of constructing a diagnosis of the probability of bankruptcy of aviation industry enterprises. The method of the research - its became modern methods and principles of scientific knowledge, methods and techniques for evaluating bankruptcy diagnostics, tools of financial and economic analysis, models for forecasting further development, which allowed to combine existing approaches for multifaceted assessment of the probability of bankruptcy and identification of factors affecting the unstable activity of enterprises. The hypothesis of the research there was an assumption about the possibility of building a methodology for diagnosing the probability of bankruptcy of enterprises using modern, widely used methods of assessing bankruptcy, financial analysis of the results of operations and forming forecasts of further stable development. The statement of basic materials. The article examines the main stages of diagnosing the probability of bankruptcy of aviation enterprises, which provides an opportunity to determine the factors that generate unstable activity, develop appropriate countermeasures to avoid problem areas, and predict the improvement of development conditions. It is emphasized that each individual enterprise can use its own methods of assessing the probability of bankruptcy, which require the development of further specific anti-crisis measures, but the proposed method allows a comprehensive and thorough approach to the prompt detection and avoidance of crisis phenomena at enterprises. The originality and practical significance of the research is confirmed by the approbation of the proposed methodology for diagnosing the probability of bankruptcy at aviation industry enterprises. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. It has been proven that the use of the proposed methodology for diagnosing the probability of bankruptcy at enterprises allows recognizing and identifying threats, predicting their consequences, making operational decisions regarding the elimination of threats and adjusting the strategic goals of the enterprise's development. Further research will be aimed at assessing the probability of bankruptcy of enterprises in priority sectors of the national economy and developing measures for their recovery activity.

ЛОГІСТИКА В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ: ЛОГІСТИЧНИЙ ЛАНЦЮГ ТА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ ОБЛАСТІ

Formulation of the problem. Today, logistics is not a new process. The development of the economy, sustainable development, and the introduction of digitalization into social life require new tools and technologies for logistics. Today, many logistics processes are being improved through the introduction of digital technologies. The conventional logistics chain has been modernized by belonging to digital platforms. However, the main issue is the identification of problem areas in the logistics chain due to the implementation of digitalization, namely: compliance with confidentiality, lack of trust from consumers in digital platforms, lack of digital competences among personnel who provide logistics processes. The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of logistics in the conditions of digitalization using the 7R model, the functional area of logistics and the system of forming a logistics chain. The object of research is the process of forming the ability to implement digitalization in the logistics chain. The methods used in the research are modern methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general theoretical and specific research methods, which allowed to reveal the process of formation of the logistics chain in The main hypothesis of the study was an assumption about the possibility of introducing digitalization into the logistics chain using the 7R model, the functional area of logistics and the logistics chain formation system. Presentation of the main research material. The work pays attention to the digitalization process in the logistics chain. By revealing the logistics chain formation system, the authors of the study made an attempt to visually present the logistics chain scheme taking into account digitalization. The peculiarities of the application of the 7R model are disclosed, the advantages of its application are indicated. The functional areas of logistics were revealed, which enabled the authors to take them into account in the scheme of digitalization of the logistics chain. The proposed scheme of digitalization of the logistics chain combines functional areas, macro- and micro-levels, digitalization aspect. The scheme makes it possible to modernize and improve existing processes in logistics, promotes sustainable development and globalization. The implementation of the proposed scheme in logistics activities will enable the business to be more competitive, profitable and ensure the efficiency and expediency of the distribution of labor resources by replacing outdated processes with digital ones. The originality and practical significance of the research is confirmed by the possibility of use at enterprises related to the logistics process. Conclusions and prospects for further research. It has been proven that digitalization of the logistics chain is the process of converting analog processes of the supply chain into digital ones by creating special master data that aggregates information from the entire supply chain, as well as information from some external sources. Digitalization of the supply chain is achieved through software – off-the-shelf, custom, or a combination of both-with an emphasis on automation and business intelligence.

Management of scientific projects financed from the state budget

Relevance. For the state-of-art technologies and achievements to become a reality, it is necessary to carry out fundamental scientific research, which is funded using state funds, since expanding the knowledge base that forms the basis of revolutionary progress requires significant investments. Purpose. In view of the foregoing, the purpose of the article is to study promising areas and methods for improving the efficiency of the management system for scientific projects implemented at the expense of state funds. Applied research issues are considered on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methodology. The methodological base is a set of methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special techniques, as well as special methods for studying phenomena and processes in the project management system. Results. The research result is the improvement of scientific statements concerning the development of coordination and methodological support for project-oriented management of state-funded scientific research, as well as the development of an algorithm, approaches and recommendations for their implementation in a real situation. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of creating an effective and flexible information loop, which allows tracking data within each stage of a scientific project, control the progress of work, as well as ensures the organization of interaction between participants using web technology. The article also formalizes the task of knowledge management in projects, taking into account the training and competence of the participants. Conclusions. Thus, the study offered an algorithm and a number of recommendations for more effectively managing state-funded scientific projects. The practical significance of the findings lies in the possibility of their use by the state bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan to improve the quality of management of scientific programs and projects and increase their impact in a wide range of expected effects. Keywords: project management; vector paradigm; target-oriented approach; research; innovation; economy

Management of scientific projects financed from the state budget

Relevance. For the state-of-art technologies and achievements to become a reality, it is necessary to carry out fundamental scientific research, which is funded using state funds, since expanding the knowledge base that forms the basis of revolutionary progress requires significant investments. Purpose. In view of the foregoing, the purpose of the article is to study promising areas and methods for improving the efficiency of the management system for scientific projects implemented at the expense of state funds. Applied research issues are considered on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methodology. The methodological base is a set of methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special techniques, as well as special methods for studying phenomena and processes in the project management system. Results. The research result is the improvement of scientific statements concerning the development of coordination and methodological support for project-oriented management of state-funded scientific research, as well as the development of an algorithm, approaches and recommendations for their implementation in a real situation. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of creating an effective and flexible information loop, which allows tracking data within each stage of a scientific project, control the progress of work, as well as ensures the organization of interaction between participants using web technology. The article also formalizes the task of knowledge management in projects, taking into account the training and competence of the participants. Conclusions. Thus, the study offered an algorithm and a number of recommendations for more effectively managing state-funded scientific projects. The practical significance of the findings lies in the possibility of their use by the state bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan to improve the quality of management of scientific programs and projects and increase their impact in a wide range of expected effects. Keywords: project management; vector paradigm; target-oriented approach; research; innovation; economy

Development of a mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises

The successful implementation of innovation strategies of regional enterprises is determined by the parameters of sustainability of the enterprise as a mini-system and the parameters of sustainability of macro-, meso- and microeconomic systems of which it is an element. The study of economic development trends that determine the possibilities of transition to an innovative model and the peculiarities of the regional innovation system has shown that in order to intensify innovation processes and increase the sustainability of innovation systems, it is necessary to create a mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises. In an unstable environment, it should be based on the principles of self-organization of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to the changes taking place. First of all, the principle of dynamic equilibrium, a prerequisite for compliance with which is the performance of the main functions in the innovation system by different subjects of innovation activity, which change at the stages of the innovation process. The range of research on strategic management of regional development is quite extensive, but given the current economic situation, the consequences of the pandemic and martial law, this issue needs to be given even more attention, because most regions of Ukraine are unstable and economically unprofitable, so it is necessary to consider special levers, directions that will help to strategically effectively manage regional enterprises and ensure their economic security. The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special methods and techniques used in the study. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific works of foreign and domestic scholars on sustainable development, economic security, and innovation. The information base is based on official statistics, reporting and accounting information of enterprises, resources and publications of the Internet, and the results of the author's own research. A mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises has been formed, which includes a system of resources, methods and tools for influencing innovation processes and is based on the principles of selforganization of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to changes in an unstable environment and ensuring economic security, which will allow to coordinate the goals and directions of management of investment, operational and financial activities of enterprises in the region to ensure its sustainable development.

APPLICATION OF A SYSTEM-SYNERGISTIC APPROACH TO MANAGING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ENTERPRISES WHILE ENSURING THEIR ECONOMIC SECURITY

The formation of an effective economic system on an innovative basis is one of the most important tasks of the current stage of socio-economic development, since the systemic interaction of all elements of the economic system, forming a single economic space, allows for the most effective realisation of the benefits of the division of labour and specialisation in innovative forms. At the same time, the ability of production and economic entities to maintain the ability to expand the reproduction of innovations (while maintaining the scale and pace of innovation reproduction) in the event of disturbing internal and external actions – innovation sustainability – is becoming increasingly important. This is particularly important in the formation of integrated associations and integral economic complexes as sustainable systems to increase the dynamics and balance of the proportions of the innovation reproduction process. In the context of continuity and heterogeneity of innovations, it is extremely important to consider their innovation sustainability from the perspective of a systemic approach to the management of an economic system. Purpose of the article. The scope of research on strategic management of regional development is quite wide, but given the current economic situation, the consequences of the pandemic and martial law, this issue needs even more attention, as most regions of Ukraine are unstable and economically unprofitable, so it is necessary to consider special levers and directions that will help strategically effective management of regional enterprises and ensure their economic security. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special methods and techniques used in the study. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific work of domestic and foreign scientists on sustainable development, economic security and innovation. The information base is based on official statistics, reports and accounting information of enterprises, resources and publications of the Internet, and the results of the author's own research. Practical implications. The results obtained and the recommendations developed form the basis for improving the strategic management of the sustainable development of regional enterprises while ensuring their economic security. Value/originality. A mechanism of strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises was created using a system-synergistic approach, which includes a system of resources, methods and tools for influencing innovation processes and is based on the principles of self-organisation of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to changes in an unstable environment and ensuring economic security, which will allow to coordinate the goals and directions of management of investment, operational and financial activities of regional enterprises to ensure their sustainable development.

CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURES ON INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

Modern trends in economic development, such as globalisation of markets, intensification of competition, changes in consumer demand, shortening of life cycles of goods and technologies, increasing requirements for their quality, and rising costs of used resources, require leaders and managers to find effective methods of managing the company's activities. Ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises in such conditions is impossible without the introduction of the latest management concepts, which requires changes and development of functional management, one of which is the management of costs based on the definition of new criteria for their classification. Classification of costs for management purposes should meet the main requirement – it should be based on characteristics that allow differentiation of costs for their management in various aspects. It creates conditions for determining the level of costs according to the scope of their management, organisation of planning, accounting, control and analysis. The purpose of the article is to consider the accounting, analytical and management tasks of cost classification in industrial enterprises and its improvement. Methodology. The methodological basis of the thesis is a set of methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special methods and techniques used in research. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific work of domestic and foreign scientists on issues of cost management, organisation of information systems, management accounting of costs, methods of cost management. The legal basis of the study consisted of the current legislative and regulatory documents regulating the formation of costs of enterprises in Ukraine. The information base included official statistical data, reporting and accounting information of enterprises, Internet resources and publications, as well as the results of own research. In order to achieve the set goal, the methods of system approach (to study and characterise the theoretical basis of cost classification) and structural-logical analysis (to determine the criteria for classification of costs of an industrial enterprise) were used when writing the article. Practical implications. The obtained results and the developed recommendations constitute a methodological basis for the improvement of the management of costs for the innovative activity of industrial enterprises based on the definition of new criteria for their classification. The most practical results are: the study of the similarities and differences in the approaches to cost classification of industrial enterprises, the definition of the objectives of cost classification, the consideration of cost classification by cost items, the need to distinguish additional features of cost classification. Value/originality. The classification of costs for the innovative activity of an industrial enterprise has been improved and extended with additional criterion features (possibility of management, accounting and reporting, the principle of accepted obligations, the place of formation, according to the stability factor), due to the need to determine the relationship between the size of the enterprise 's costs and the possibilities of exercising managerial influence on them by managers of different levels, which makes it possible to optimise the composition and structure of costs, which are reflected in various methods of cost management and are the basis for their choice of coordination.

Historiography of the doctrine of the state administration: general principles

The article outlines the general principles of historiographical analysis of the doctrine of state administration. It was determined that state administration, as an activity aimed at implementing the functions of the state in order to ensure sustainable development, effective interaction with civil society, protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms, is an integral component of a democratic, legal state. It has been established that for the purposes of this article, the specificity of the subject of historiographical analysis, its multidisciplinarity and connection with the methodological doctrine of a democratic, legal state are decisive. This causes a complex system of sources. Their doctrinal boundaries are a scientific component, and chronological and geographical ones can be «put aside» at this stage. It was determined that in order to carry out a historiographical analysis of the doctrine of state administration, it is necessary to combine subjective and specifically defined approaches to the study of scientific material and comprehensively use the advantages of each of them. An important role in the methodology of this historiographic research is given to the «classical» principles of scientific knowledge, including: the principle of comprehensiveness of research, the main content of which is to provide an analysis of state administration in relationships and interaction with other legal categories; the principle of historicism, which consists in the study of provisions on state administration in the process of their development and historical interrelation; the principle of complexity, which consists in ensuring the implementation of research taking into account the practice of state formation. Using the developed methodology, the structure of the doctrine of state administration is schematically outlined: theoretical and legal provisions of the doctrine of power in general and state power in particular, the theory of a democratic, legal state, etc.; principles of administrative law; the position of political science – trends in the history of political teachings and the theory of administration of socio-political processes; ascending concepts of sociological science – sociology of the state; development of the domestic scientific specialty «state administration»; principles of administration in economic and business spheres.

Changing patterns of business behavior: The Ukrainian experience of adaptation of global accounting and financial mechanisms

In the context of growing turbulence in economic development, it becomes necessary to determine the main patterns of interaction between business and its counterparties. The purpose of this study is to determine behavior patterns - patterns and eliminate existing obstacles to leveling negative phenomena in the economy and finding conditions for meeting business needs, incentives for further development, improving the quality and standard of living, attracting more financial resources, investments to ensure production. The methodological basis of the study was modern regulatory and legislative sources of formation of accounting and financial mechanisms and patterns in business activity. In the conducted researches, methods of dialectics, methods and principles of scientific knowledge. As a result of the study, the possibility of substantiating the patterns of business behavior that form the system of financial, transactional management and strategic accounting of intellectual property and its structural components based on a complex of conceptual approaches is determined: the theory of intellectual capital, intellectual property valuations, accounting and management, the methodology of net intellectual capital accounting. Conclusions are presented by the optimal variant of pattern changes that corresponds to the selected conditions of adaptation of the accounting and financial mechanism to the conditions of business development can be obtained only on the basis of intuitive selection, appropriate traditional methods, algorithms, strategies, which will be the basis of the set goals and tasks related to the nature of doing business.

Правовая мысль Востока в контексте российского общетеоретического правоведения

The article raises the problem of Orientalism, which manifests itself in the difference between the axiological and epistemological approaches to Western and Eastern intellectual heritage in Russian jurisprudence. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of legitimacy of the Orientalist approach and to outline the methodological basis that will make it possible to realize the need of the domestic theory of law in a dialogue with the legal thought of the East. The goal is achieved by answering questions about the possibility, expediency and boundaries of an equal dialogue with the political and legal thought of the East within the framework of the general theory of law. To prove the possibility of dialogue, episodic examples of the dialogic approach in domestic jurisprudence are identified and four types of goals are identified for which scientists enter into a dialogue with the legal heritage of the East: problem setting, criticism, rehabilitation of Eastern thought, substantiation of theoretical provisions. To prove the expediency and necessity of a dialogue with Eastern thought, the principles of scientific knowledge, methodological problems of modern theory of law, examples of the influence of the Eastern intellectual heritage on the philosophical and legal thought of the West are pointed out. Separately, the application of the principle of multiculturalism is critically examined, with the help of examples, attention is drawn to the richness and relevance of the political and legal heritage of the East, factors that can hinder dialogue are analyzed, and ways to overcome them are proposed. As the boundaries of the dialogue, its goal is formulated, the need to avoid eclectic synthesis and uncritical borrowings and the application of the principle of conceptual Eurocentrism is noted. The author uses materials and developments obtained in the framework of jurisprudence, historical and philosophical research.

Modern Creative and Cultural Branding Projects of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to analyse modern cultural and creative branding projects of Ukraine. The research methodology is based on general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, and generalisation) and principles of scientific knowledge (reliability and objectivity). The analytical approach has been used to identify the dynamics of changes in the positioning of Ukrainian brands, the comparative and axiological approach has been used to compare the main contents of their value narratives. Scientific novelty. Creative brand projects presented by our country with the aim of forming its positive image have been analysed: “Ukraine NOW” (2018), “Ukraine: Innovating for the Future” (2021), “Vravery to be Ukraine” (2022), “Ukraine Now and Forever” (2022). Conclusions. The brands “Ukraine NOW” (2018) and “Ukraine: Innovating for the Future” (2021) did not have a clear strategy for positioning Ukraine as a powerful cultural centre with its own names, modernity, and cultural achievements. The latest brands (2022) “Vravery to be Ukraine” and “Ukraine Now and Forever” have significantly changed their direction and theme. They are creative and cultural, they highlight a unique, not economic and investment, but primarily cultural value which is based on the characteristic identity and mental features of our people, which are actually a platform for the development of the country and its positioning in the world. The latest brands of Ukraine are capable of significantly reformatting priorities in the perception of Ukraine in the world: they may shift accents, change stereotypes and values, draw attention to our country as a powerful cultural centre in the world.
 Key words: brand, branding, creative and cultural projects, values, Ukraine.

МОТИВАЦІЯ ТА СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РМОТИВАЦІЯ ТА СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ІННОВАТИВНОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМОЗВИТКУ ІННОВАТИВНОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

The study presents the main aspects of the process of motivation and stimulation of innovation of socio -economic systems. The main purpose of the study is to determine the conditions and components of successful motivation for the development of innovation of socio -economic systems depending on their specifics and scale. The methodological basis of the study were modern theories of motivation of leading foreign and domestic scientists. The study uses the methods of dialectics, methods and principles of scientific knowledge, tools of analysis and synthesis to determine the role and importance of individual components of the motivational process in the context of the development of innovative activity in socio -economic systems. The main hypothesis of the study was the assumption of the possibility of accelerating the development of innovation in socio -economic systems, provided the accumulation of quality human and intellectual capital, taking into account the impact of internal and external factors of innovative development. The study of the theoretical essence of the components of the motivational process within the innovative activity allowed to determine the components of motivational potential within different socio -economic at the microeconomic level and identify syncrgetic phenomena of formation of such potential at meso - and macro levels. The originality and practical significance of the study is confirmed by: the proposed mechanism for stimulating the innovation of socio -economic systems that takes into account the features and involves incentive tools depending on the level and scale of the socio - economic system; certain catalysts for the development of innovation of socio -economic systems available in modern economic conditions. Conclusions and directions for further research. Further research will be aimed at finding and improving modern methods of motivation and stimulating the development of innovative activity, taking into account the world experience of implementing existing tools and assessing the effectiveness of their use both qualitatively and quantitatively.

ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНІ ГРОМАДИ ЯК ПРОДУКТИВНА СИЛА РЕГІОНУ

The current stage of restoration of Ukrainian society requires in-depth study and improvement of theories and concepts of economics. Effective deployment of the country's productive forces and balanced development of its regions is an important condition for ensuring sustainable development of the national economy as a whole. A special direction of economic science has already been singled out in Ukraine: 08.00.05 development of productive forces and regional economy. Many recommendations have already been provided in relevant studies, but there are still many opportunities to make this more effective. The purpose of the study is to analyze and develop practical recommendations for the use of local communities as a productive force of the regions to ensure sustainable development of the national economy as a whole. The methodological basis of the study were legislative and regulatory acts, modern scientific and applied research of territorial communities. In order to substantiate proposals for the enrichment of productive forces by such a complex entity as a united territorial community, the article uses dialectical methods, the results of research on various disciplines of the humanities, methods and principles of scientific knowledge. The main hypothesis of the study was the assumption of the possibility of organizing viable territorial communities and using their combined potential to restore the positive dynamics of the economy in the postwar period. Presenting main material. The relationship between the role of economic and social capital in productive activity has changed in favor of social, which led to the definition of enterprise as an organization - a kind of social system, uniting people who jointly pursue a common goal and act on certain principles and rules. Important factors in the socio-economic development of society as a whole include the ability not only of scientists but also of individual businesses to generate and effectively use new knowledge about the nature of complex phenomena. The use of this knowledge provides organizations with an increase in intellectual capital, creates guarantees of high competitiveness. The originality and practical significance of the study is due to the analysis of the structural components of cluster formations, taking into account regional characteristics. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Important factors in the socio-economic development of society as a whole include the ability not only of scientists but also of individual businesses to generate and effectively use new knowledge about the nature of complex phenomena. Analysis and development of practical recommendations for the use of territorial communities as a productive force of the regions create the basis for determining the current reserves for the restoration of society in the postwar period. Under the new economic conditions, the requirements for the coordination of economic efficiency and social justice, professional mobility of the employee are growing.

ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ГРОДНЕНСКОЙ ОБЩИНЫ СЕСТЕР МИЛОСЕРДИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА КРАСНОГО КРЕСТА НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА

Last year the Belarusian Red Cross Society originated from the Russian Red Cross Society which at the beginning of the 20th century united numerous communities of sisters of mercy from all the provinces of the country celebrated its 100th anniversary. During the years of the Russo-Japanese War and World War I, they provided significant medical assistance to a huge number of sick and wounded soldiers. However, their noble activities for a number of reasons have up to now not been studied well. This article is the first attempt in Belarusian historiography to collect and comprehend all the materials currently available to the authors related to the history of the Grodno community of sisters of mercy of “the Russian Red Cross Society” during the hostilities of 1904-1915. When writing the article, in addition to the general scientific principles of scientific knowledge, historical-genetic, historical-comparative methods, as well as a value-based approach, were used. On the basis of the given sources and modern research methods the key milestones of the Grodno community of sisters of mercy, the number of its members, the list of their names and the level of their professional training were identified; some aspects of the community's activities at the beginning of the 20th century were considered.

SOME THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EPISTEMOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIALECTICAL AND LOGICAL PRINCIPLES

The article examines the conceptual and categorical apparatus of epistemology, features of the theoretical and methodological principles of epistemological directions in scientific knowledge, and also makes an attempt to philosophically interpret scientific principles and regulatory norms in the context of fundamental universal methods of philosophy. At one time, representatives of postpositivism were engaged in the development of theoretical and methodological principles of scientific knowledge - K. Popper, M. Polani, T. Kuhn, I. Lakatos, P. Feyerabendt, as well as famous Russian scientists: G. Shchedrovitsky, M. Rozov, V. Shvyrev, A. Uemov, V. Shtoff, V. Chanyshev, V. Stepin, V. Chernov, V. Lektorsky, I. Mitchenkov, L. Mikeshin, T. Leshkevich and others. Currently, in world science, the study and development of knowledge is one of the main problems. At the present stage, the demand for high-precision technologies and intensive methods of production causes an increase in scientific interest in special sections of the philosophy of science studying the process of obtaining reliable (scientific) knowledge and its prerequisites. It is important to note that not only philosophy itself, but also all sciences, in principle, clearly should in their research be repelled and developed through the laws and principles of dialectics.

The Economic Foundations of the Rule of Law in the Russian Federation

This study, based on the economic and legal metrics of the Russian Federation, considers the possibility of implementing the concept of the rule of law in the modern world. The study emphasises the issue of the rule of law in any country being directly related to the problem of redistribution of public goods. In many ways, this can be considered an example of how economic stability ensures legal stability. The research methodology includes a dialectical method, which allowed to ensure compliance with the principles of scientific knowledge. The study shows the dynamics of ensuring human rights, the distribution of income and expenses in society over different periods in the history of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the authors come to the conclusion that the perception and functions of the concept of the rule of law will soon deviate from classical liberal values towards the basic ideas of social equality and justice.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES: ACCOUNTING, TAXATION AND INSURANCE

The need for the study of international financial relations is justified by the lack of modern scientific discourses on the methods of regulation of financial tensions in the new epidemiological conditions of business environment and appropriate methodology to manage the level of rejection of players in the international financial market. The purpose of this study is to find points of contact between accounting, tax and insurance accounting in the development of joint measures to overcome global financial risks in the process of international cooperation. The focus of the study: the development of modified accounting tools for a comprehensive and systemic solution to the internalization of international relations; unification of the national tax system, based on the requirements of the modern development of the global financial system; development of insurance measures to overcome global risks in the process of international financial cooperation. The research was conducted on the basis of expert reviews and assessments of the state of international financial relations, modern theoretical and methodological, normative-legal and legislative aspects of international financial activity; methods of dialectics, methods and principles of scientific knowledge, statistical and economic tools were used. The growth of cross-border cooperation, the emergence of new financial flows and the transformation of financial relations online have created a number of new financial linkages that not only change the traditional financial systems worldwide and the global financial system, but also require the universalization, modification, internalization of certain accounting, taxation and insurance instruments. In order to universalize the measurement of failure trends of business players in international financial markets, one of the possible models for managing a dynamic object – a system-situation model of behavior of international investors, based on combining the systemic and situational views of business players on the interpretation of financially sensitive information – is proposed; a schematic representation of the vulnerability of financial and innovation activities of business players in the context of unpredictable reactions to the proposed positions of the global financial market. It is determined that the development of international financial activity should move in the direction of: the coordination and development of countries in various financial spheres on the adoption of appropriate regulations supranational character; meaningful universalization in international financial relations; restructuring of the national financial system of Ukraine; the viability of the national financial system in the direction of centralized imperative regulation of international financial relations.

"We are returning...". Issues of pension provision in the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation.

One of the main directions of the state's social policy is to support the elderly. In the Russian Federation, after the last pension reform of 2018, the issue of pension provision has become one of the main points of tension in the relationship between the state and society, which was reflected in the federal election campaign of 2021. The subject of study in this article is the proposals of political parties in the field of pension policy. The election programs of the parties in the 2021 elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation were used as the object of the study. The author examines the attitude of the authors of pre-election programs to certain aspects of pension reform, including changes in the retirement age, the direction of further reforms, social protection of pensioners and pre-retirees, in addition, a comparison with the position of the parties in 2016 was made. The results of the study are based on the use of general scientific methods and principles of scientific knowledge, a systematic approach, comparative analysis and historical objectivity. Despite the continued significant interest of the population in the pension problem in 2021, which sharply increased after the retirement age was increased, the parties were unable to fully realize the potential of this issue. Speaking from critical positions, they focused on counter-reform, reducing most of the proposals to a return to the past, practically offering no innovations. Most of the statements on raising the level of pensions were clearly populist in nature and had no mechanism for their implementation. Regarding the 2016 elections, opposition parties have noticeably intensified criticism of the existing system and the Pension Fund of Russia. United Russia, on the other hand, distanced itself as much as possible from the pension reform, without touching on the latest changes in its election theses. It can be expected that in the next election cycle, the pension issue will retain the status of one of the central issues in the election campaign.

Human Genome as an Object of Interdisciplinary Socio-Humanitarian Research and a System of Appropriate Methodological Means

The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of scientific articles devoted to the problems of obtaining, storing and using genomic information about a person. As a result of the analysis, the author put forward a hypothesis about the interdisciplinary interaction of social sciences and humanities in the process of research, the object of which is the human genome. The study tests the proposed hypothesis on the basis of the disclosure of its subject - the human genome as an object of interdisciplinary social and humanitarian research and the system of methodological means corresponding to them. During the research, the author relied on the general philosophical means of the methodology of science (categories of materialistic dialectics, foundations, conditions and principles of scientific knowledge), the systemstructural method and general logical methods (analogy, synthesis, analysis) used in socio-humanitarian studies. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the special significance of the consequences of the study and use of human genome for society and each individual personally determines the a priori social and humanitarian interdisciplinary connections, due to which human genome becomes the object of interdisciplinary social and humanitarian research. The analysis of these studies allowed revealing their subject orientation towards the social regulation of genomic research, the legal protection of genomic information and the focus on standardization (and in this sense, foreseeability) of research on human genome and the use of their results. At the same time, the use of methodological means of three levels is traced: philosophical and methodological analysis, general scientific methodological principles and a special scientific methodological approach.