Principles Of Research Research Articles

Perceptions of young adult clients treated with time-limited art therapy

ABSTRACT Background This study examined the perceptions of young adult clients undergoing Time-Limited Art Therapy (TLAT) inspired by the Time-Limited Psychotherapy model (Mann, 1973). Twenty-one clients aged 23-35 dealing with typical young adulthood challenges participated in the TLAT intervention. Aims Examine clients' perceptions of the TLAT, how art helped focus on their central issue in therapy, the function of art in therapy, therapy outcomes, and changes in self-image a topic that has yet to be explored in the art therapy literature. Methods Therapy consisted of 26 sessions at a dedicated research clinic, with the termination date announced during the first session. The TLAT consisted of four intake sessions integrating structured art-based interventions, after which the central issue for therapy was formulated. This was followed by 22 sessions during which artmaking arose spontaneously. Semi structured interviews were conducted with all clients at the start and end of therapy. The data analysis adhered to Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) principles. Results The CQR analysis revealed seven domains: clients' expectations when coming to TLAT, clients' perceptions of the time dimension in therapy, the therapeutic relationship, the significance of the central issue in therapy, the role of art in processing contents in therapy, the termination phase of therapy and the significance of therapy. Conclusions Artmaking in TLAT helps draw attention to the central issue, foster the therapeutic relationship, and facilitate self-exploration. These results indicate the value of short-term individual models in art therapy and the advantages of incorporating art into brief psychotherapy, especially in cases with time constraints.

A Critical Pedagogy Analysis of Literature Teachers’ Perspectives on The Integration of Multicultural Literature in Higher Education

This qualitative study investigates the integration of multicultural literature within higher education classrooms, examining experiences, challenges, necessary support, and perceived impacts on students. Framed within critical pedagogy theory, the research aimed to uncover insights into the transformative potential of diverse narratives. Guided by qualitative research principles, specially descriptive phenomenology, the study employs semi-structured interviews with literature instructors selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved multiple online platforms to facilitate candid discussions, ensuring a diverse representation of perspectives. The interview guide was rigorously developed and validated through pre-testing and expert consultation, ensuring relevance to the research objectives. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis, a methodical approach to identifying patterns and themes within the data. Inductive reasoning guided the analysis process, allowing for theory formulation from observed patterns. Intercoder reliability checks and member-checking techniques were employed to enhance data validity and credibility. The analysis of participant responses revealed multifaceted teaching strategies, emphasizing the significance of cultural representation, innovative approaches, and fostering cross-cultural understanding. Teachers adapt their methods to accommodate diverse student voices while leveraging technology and cultural sensitivity. This study emphasises that institutions, educators, and students collectively contribute to fostering a culturally enriched learning environment. It also contributes to inclusivity and diversity in education, cultivating cultural intelligence and a broader understanding of global perspectives. The study highlights the necessity for literature teachers to have access to diverse resources, professional development opportunities, and collaboration for effective integration. Moreover, higher education institutions are crucial in supporting this integration through curriculum enhancements, resource allocation, and adequate preparation time. Despite challenges such as limited institutional support, the personal dedication and commitment of teachers and students play a pivotal role in successfully integrating multicultural literature into educational settings. These findings provide nuanced insights into the complexities of integrating multicultural literature in higher education, contributing to educational theory, policy development, and pedagogical practices.

How responsible research can improve management decision making

PurposeWe encourage CEOs to exercise greater care when using research to inform their decision-making.Design/methodology/approachFor analytical framing, we draw on published literature to highlight three common inadequacies of research in leadership and management (lack of relevance, lack of credibility, and obsession with theory). We distinguish between three broad types of research: responsible research, irresponsible research and aresponsible research.FindingsWhen commissioning research or using research findings, CEOs should be guided by a six-point checklist that includes applying the principles of responsible research advocated by the Responsible Research for Business Network.Originality/valueWe believe we are the first authors to propose the concept of aresponsible research

Responsible research and innovation: An ambidexterity lens of generalized and specialized responsibilities

AbstractThe incompatibility between diverse responsible principles of science and technology (S&T) and multi‐stakeholders' heterogeneous value assessments underscores the importance of coordinating normative principles of responsible research and innovation (RRI). In this context, this study adopts an ambidexterity lens to address this issue, conceptualizing two constructs—“generalized responsibility” and “specialized responsibility” of S&T (GRST and SRST)—to illustrate the trade‐offs. It explores the antecedents of GRST and SRST from an agency perspective. Drawing from a dataset of 19,707 poll responses, the study employs a fractional logit regression model to examine the relationships between three types of agency (iterational agency, strategic agency, and ethical agency) and GRST and SRST. The results reveal a positive relationship between iterational agency and SRST, and between strategic agency and GRST, as well as U‐shaped effects of iterational agency on GRST, strategic agency on SRST, and ethical agency on both GRST and SRST. Moreover, ethical agency is found to be more important for SRST than for GRST. The study offers theoretical and policy implications for a critical discussion about responsible innovation.

Children’s voices for change: Co-researching with children and young people as family violence experts by experience

Researching with children and young people on topics that are considered to be ‘sensitive’, such as family violence, trauma and abuse, continues to be challenging. But there still is not enough evidence on children and young people’s own views and experiences of participating in ‘sensitive’ research. This article reflects on our experience, as a team of young lived experience advocates and a university researcher, of working together on a project to find out what children and young people in Victoria, Australia who have experienced family violence need to support them in their recovery. The project is about learning what is working well, what could be done better, and where the gaps are between what children and young people tell us they need from services, and what services are doing now. This article shares what we have learnt, including how we have set up a Youth Advisory Group and how we have developed an interactive online activity for children and young people to tell us about their experiences of family violence support services. We also discuss challenges we have faced, such as navigating power flows within the project team; embedding co-design into the project; and getting ethics approval to do this research. Finally, we share three guiding principles for collaborative research that puts children and young people’s voices, views and experiences at the centre. We hope that others can learn from our experience to promote the rights and participation of children and young people when working with them in research about family violence.

Advancements in genetic studies of mushrooms: a comprehensive review.

Genetic studies in mushrooms, driven by innovations such as CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and RNA interference, transform our understanding of these enigmatic fungi and their multifaceted roles in agriculture, medicine, and conservation. This comprehensive review explores the rationale and significance of genetic research in mushrooms, delving into the ethical, regulatory, and ecological dimensions of this field. CRISPR-Cas9 emerges as a game-changing technology, enabling precise genome editing, targeted gene knockouts, and pathway manipulation. RNA interference complements these efforts by downregulating genes for improved crop yield and enhanced pest and disease resistance. Genetic studies also contribute to the conservation of rare species and developing more robust mushroom strains, fostering sustainable cultivation practices. Moreover, they unlock the potential for discovering novel medicinal compounds, offering new horizons in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. As emerging technologies and ethical considerations shape the future of mushroom research, these studies promise to revolutionize our relationship with these fungi, paving the way for a more sustainable and innovative world.

Delivering trauma-informed outreach to women involved in street-based prostitution: enablers and barriers

ABSTRACT The social work profession recognises the value of trauma-informed care for women with multiple disadvantage. For women involved in street-based prostitution this is mostly descriptive in nature with limited practice-based investigation. Guided by the principles of qualitative feminist research, this article explores the enablers and barriers in delivering trauma-informed outreach to women involved in street-based prostitution. Semi-structured interviews with six outreach workers and ten women involved in street-based prostitution indicated that a trauma-informed approach to outreach facilitated the building of mutually trusting and effective relationships. This was underpinned by a commitment to working at the women’s own pace and on their terms, which meant the outreach workers, in time, moved beyond addressing immediate needs. Despite the dynamic skillset required, the low status of outreach work presented challenges for securing a consistent and experienced workforce, which affected the sustainable delivery of trauma-informed outreach. This article highlights the complexity that is involved in delivering trauma-informed outreach to women involved in street-based prostitution and contributes to a more generalised conception of trauma-informed outreach work for shared learning and development within social work.

Commentary: Expanding the vision of Registered Reports for qualitative mental health research: A response and extension to 'Misaligned incentives in mental health research - the case for Registered Reports', Baldwin (2023).

There is a growing exploration of how Registered Reports can benefit individual researchers and wider research fields as part of a wider shift towards open research principles and practices. In 'Misaligned incentives in mental health research - the case for Registered Reports', Baldwin examines this in the context of mental health research, arguing that Registered Reports (RRs)can be a valuable solution to misaligned incentive structures in the field. However, this original piece was generally inclined towards how such incentives and the use of RRs can play out in the context of quantitative research. Such reflection is valuable, but to examine the case for RRs in mental health research as a field, we must also explore such practices within the context of qualitative research. In this commentary, we therefore expand and reframe this discussion to make the case for RRs in qualitative mental health research. We explore the place for qualitative research in the mental health research field and examine possibilities for how RRs fit within principles and practices in such methods. We discuss the various benefits and challenges of RRs in qualitative research, reflecting on our experiences as authors and reviewers of qualitative RRs and exploring how research infrastructure can facilitate engagement with this publishing approach.

Enriching the evidence base of co-creation research in public health with methodological principles of critical realism

ABSTRACT With the popularity of co-creation research in public health and other fields, there is a need to strengthen its evidence-base by developing a framework based on meta-theoretical principles. The lack of applying meta-theoretical principles in co-creation research impedes the theory- and evidence building. Critical realism seems a promising candidate for providing meta-theoretical principles to enrich the evidence base of co-creation research in public health. To this purpose we searched for relevant papers on critical realism methodological principles, clarified and subsequently applied such principles to a co-creation public health case study. We provide explanatory steps to apply five principles; 1) focusing on understanding an event, like childhood overweight, 2) exploring the broader structure and context surrounding the event, 3) constructing hypotheses about the underlying mechanism(s) of an event, 4) empirical testing to corroborate those hypotheses, and 5) using multiple methods and triangulation. Further, this study shows that critical realism can enrich co-creation research in public health by iteratively building theory and evidence following the five proposed principles.

The use of business and technology management (BTM) integrated practice in business development initiatives – an ADR cycle

PurposeThe paper reports a study that evaluated the effectiveness and usefulness of Business and Technology Management (BTM), a management practice for formulating business digital strategies that address organization, processes and technology in an integrative way.Design/methodology/approachThe research followed action design research guidelines that combine the methodological principles of design science research and action research.FindingsEvidence from the study confirmed the adequacy and usefulness of BTM as a solution to an old management problem of internal fit, synergies, alignment or strategic integration. It also led to an improvement in its way of working, namely, a management practice with four process stages: (1) define trade objectives, (2) design an integrated business model, (3) manage the business transformation and execution and (4) evaluate the results obtained.Research limitations/implicationsThe study exemplifies how practice research can be used within a long-term research pursuit to provide empirical evidence that permits evaluating and improving a research-originated management approach.Practical implicationsBeing a theory-for-action, BTM has direct relevance for managers engaged in defining organizational and technological strategies connected with business results. The paper discloses an improved version of BTM together with a description of its application in a medium-sized company operating in the tourism sector.Originality/valueBTM addresses a recurrent issue raised by researchers and practitioners concerning a failure to bring different management perspectives together when formulating a strategy. Therefore, its value lies in its ability to assist in the integration of management perspectives into business development initiatives.

Assessing genomics confidence and learning needs in Australian nurses and midwives: an educational program evaluation.

Introduction: The mainstreaming of genomics across healthcare specialties necessitates that all nurses and midwives have a high literacy in genomics. Methods: We aimed to design, develop, implement and evaluate a genomics education workshop for nurses and midwives using action research principles. Results: Registered nurses and midwives completed an online survey regarding genomics confidence and learning needs (n = 274). The results of this survey were used to develop the genomics education workshop. The workshop was run three times (n = 105) with evaluation data being collected both before and after each workshop. Significant improvements in confidence across all learning domains was found following the workshops (p < 0.001). A desire for more education across all learning domains except for genetics knowledge was also identified (p < 0.001). Discussion: Genomics education workshops were found to increase the confidence of nurses and midwives across a range of specialties. Nurses and midwives also expressed a desire for further education in genomics.

Health equity principles for oncology real world evidence studies.

Real-world research on cancer care in the community should address social determinants of health (SDOH) to advance health equity in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. We sought patient and stakeholder perspectives to co-develop research principles to guide researchers when using patient record data to address health equity in their research protocols. Key informant interviews with 13 individuals elicited perspectives and insights related to health equity and SDOH when conducting research using data from community-based oncology care. Interviews included a brief overview of a prior scoping review and related questions in the interview guide. Key informants included experts in health equity and SDOH, and patient and community advisory board members. Rapid qualitative analysis was used to identify key themes, patterns, and insights from the interview data. Principles were developed based on the results of the analysis. Three overarching categories for promoting health equity were (1) education; (2) community engagement; and (3) research design and implementation. Education principles highlight the necessity of training in relevant skills to address health equity. Community engagement principles highlight various actions that researchers can take to conduct research inclusive of community concerns regarding health equity. The research design and implementation category provides practical guidelines for researchers in planning, conducting, and disseminating community-based oncology research to address health equity. Our principles guide oncology real-world research protocols to address SDOH in community settings and promote health equity. These principles should be tailored to specific cancer topics and communities.

Explor-A-Thora: A Novel Three-Dimensionally Printed Pleural Simulator.

For procedural education, the shift from the traditional apprenticeship model to simulation-based mastery has become increasingly accepted as the gold standard and has underscored the importance of high-fidelity, cost-effective training options. However, cost-effective pleural procedure simulators providing both realistic haptic feedback and ultrasound compatibility are lacking. We aimed to create a pleural procedure simulator with characteristics of human tissue, at low cost and with ultrasound compatibility. This work used design-based research principles and a collaborative rapid iteration approach in collaboration with the University of California, San Francisco, Makers Lab and design-based researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, which led to the creation of a three-dimensionally printed pleural procedure simulator. The needs assessment indicated significant discomfort with pleural procedures and a request for more accessible simulation opportunities. Iterative prototyping resulted in a three-dimensionally printed rib cage and a series of innovations in the fluid pocket and skin layers to provide realistic tactile feedback and ultrasound imaging compatibility. The final model costs significantly less than commercial simulators, with durable components and replaceable parts that can be reused multiple times. The development of a low-cost, high-fidelity pleural procedure simulator addresses the current limitations of commercially available pleural simulators. By integrating three-dimensional printing technology and easily accessible materials, we were able to produce a simulator that closely replicates the feel of human tissue, allows ultrasound use, and is adaptable for different patient anatomies and clinical scenarios. This novel simulator is a scalable solution to elevate the standard of procedural education and ultimately positively affect patient care.

The effectiveness of the projects strategy in teaching the scientific research course in developing the skills of the twenty-first century among students of health sciences in Al-Mahwit Governorate

The study aimed to discover effective strategies in the principles of scientific research in developing twenty-second century skills with health sciences students in Al Mahwit Governorate. The quasi-experimental model study with a group design was chosen to use and apply tribal methods. The study tool was the twenty-second century skills scale consisting of (9) main skills distributed over three sectors, so that the sample consisted of (74) female students confirmed to assist health scientists in the city of Al Mahwit, and the results of the subsequent study were reached: 1. There are statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average number of students in the pre- and post-applications of the 21st Century Skills Scale according to each applied skill expression. 2. There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average number of students in the creative application of the Second Century Skills Scale only according to gender diversity and academic specialization. Keywords: project strategy - scientific research - twenty-first century skills - health sciences.

A unified approach to investigating 4 dpf zebrafish larval behaviour through a standardised light/dark assay

Zebrafish are a dynamic research model in the domains of neuropsychopharmacology, biological psychiatry and behaviour. Working with larvae ≤4 days post-fertilisation (dpf) offers an avenue for high-throughput investigation whilst aligning with the 3Rs principles of animal research. The light/dark assay, which is the most widely used behavioural assay for larval neuropharmacology research, lacks experimental reliability and standardisation. This study aimed to formulate a robust, reproducible and standardised light/dark behavioural assay using 4 dpf zebrafish larvae. Considerable between-batch and inter-individual variability was found, which we rectified with a normalisation approach to ensure a reliable foundation for analysis. We then identified that 5-min light/dark transition periods are optimal for locomotor activity. We also found that a 30-min acclimation in the light was found to produce significantly increased dark phase larval locomotion. Next, we confirmed the pharmacological predictivity of the standardised assay using ethanol which, as predicted, caused hyperlocomotion at low concentrations and hypolocomotion at high concentrations. Finally, the assay was validated by assessing the behavioural phenotype of hyperactive transgenic (adgrl3.1−/−) larvae, which was rescued with psychostimulant medications. Our standardised assay not only provides a clear experimental and analytical framework to work with 4 dpf larvae, but also facilitates between-laboratory collaboration using our normalisation approach.

Reclaiming the radical roots of adult education: Toward community‐based anti‐racism education through participatory action research

AbstractIn this article, we revisit the radical roots of adult education for social change by developing community‐based anti‐racism education through participatory action research. Drawing on critical race theory (CRT) as its theoretical framework, we incorporate principles of participatory action research (PAR) to conceptualize community‐based anti‐racism education where community members and academics collaborate as equal partners throughout the process. Three key features emerged out of this analysis to characterize this approach: using people's lived experiences as an entry point to understand contemporary forms of racism, underscoring the importance of participation at the grassroots level, and prioritizing an action‐oriented feature of community‐based anti‐racism education. By combining synergies between CRT and PAR, this approach has the potential to contribute to facilitating collaborative, equitable partnerships in practicing anti‐racism education in diverse communities and enabling action‐oriented anti‐racism education as a site of advocacy, emancipation, and institutional practice for social change.

Increasing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in Rare Disease Clinical Trials.

Diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) are foundational principles for clinical trials and medical research. In rare diseases clinical research, where numbers of participants are already challenged by rarity itself, maximizing inclusion is of particular importance to clinical trial success, as well as ensuring the generalizability and relevance of the trial results to the people affected by these diseases. In this article, we review the medical and gray literature and cite case examples to provide insights into how DEIA can be proactively integrated into rare diseases clinical research. Here, we particularly focus on genetic diversity. While the rare diseases DEIA literature is nascent, it is accelerating as many patient advocacy groups, professional societies, training and educational organizations, researcher groups, and funders are setting intentional strategies to attain DEIA goals moving forward, and to establish metrics to ensure continued improvement. Successful examples in underserved and underrepresented populations are available that can serve as case studies upon which rare diseases clinical research programs can be built. Rare diseases have historically been innovation drivers in basic, translational, and clinical research, and ultimately, all populations benefit from data diversity in rare diseases populations that deliver novel insights and approaches to how clinical research can be performed.

APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE STABILITY OF BANK PROTECTION STRUCTURES OF WATERBODIES: ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIONS AND MODELS FOR THEIR CALCULATION

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations for determining the stress state in a soil mass and the design of fastening the bank slope of reservoirs. Scientific research and theoretical principles on determining the forces that act on a bank protection structure have been systematized. Methodological approaches to the static calculation of bank protection for indirectly vertical structures are proposed, taking into account the relationship between the load on the structure and its deformation. The purpose of the research is to ensure the stability and reliability of bank protection structures and to substantiate directions for improving technical solutions in modern conditions. The work analyzes the use of various types of slope fastenings for bank protection structures in accordance with the requirements of State construction standards. It is proposed to focus research on sheet piling shore fastenings, as a modern and progressive technology for bank protection. The "soil massif - fastening structure" system is considered as a calculation model in the form of a one-sided type, which is an elastic element, which makes it possible to apply the modern apparatus of the theory of elasticity in considering this problem. This makes it possible to accept a linear relationship between stress and strain and obtain sufficient accuracy, which is confirmed by the available results of domestic and foreign research. For calculations of deformations, and assessment of the strength and stability of soil massifs and foundations, it is proposed to pay direct attention to the characteristics of the mechanical properties of soils, while three stages of foundation deformation are considered. The formulated differential equations of the equilibrium of the soil massif make it possible to solve a wide range of issues related to the limit equilibrium and to obtain the calculated parameters of the pressure of earth masses on the retaining walls of shore fortifications of the oblique-vertical type. The results of the research analysis are recommended for use in determining the main loads on hydraulic structures, substantiating technical solutions for the development and improvement of slope and slope-vertical types of bank protection of reservoirs.

Building the African American/Black Community's Capacity to Elucidate Factors for High Smoking Rates in Jackson, MS: Results from Implementing a Community-Led Needs Assessment.

Although smoking has decreased dramatically over the last 50years, reductions are uneven by race and income, specifically in the Southern United States. There is a need for intentional collaboration with communities located where large tobacco disparities exist to make lasting change. Using community-based participatory research principles, we provided intensive capacity building to a community advisory group (CAG) of 14 Jackson, MS, residents to conduct a community-led needs assessment. The aim of the community-led needs assessment was to investigate firsthand why the community smokes and the impacts of smoking-giving the CAG voice and choice to work towards reducing tobacco-related harms and inequities. From October 2020 to September 2021, CAG members conducted thirteen interviews and nine focus groups, reaching 54 residents. We analyzed the data using a thematic and in vivo approach. Participants reported smoking is used to cope with systemic socio-economic issues (e.g., racism, poverty). Smoking is normalized in the community through continued use, ease of purchase, visibility of tobacco retailers, and lack of conversations or questioning surrounding smoking. Participants felt that peer and family use, addiction, and inaccessible smoking resources were the most influential factors driving smoking behaviors. This community engagement approach empowered residents to design and implement a comprehensive needs assessment resulting in rich data-a needed approach for a community experiencing enduring health inequities. Communities need to be engaged and invested in from the beginning as equal partners to learn, investigate, and develop community-relevant and innovative solutions to address tobacco social norms.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Quality of Life Index Among Hausa-Speaking People with Spinal Cord Injury in Northwest Nigeria.

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome that is used to measure the success of healthcare interventions. Valid and reliable instruments are required to assess QoL. Hence, we conducted this study to adapt and validate the QoL Index (QLI) among Hausa-speaking people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in northwest Nigeria. Method: Using the International Society for Pharmacoeconomic and Outcome Research principles of good practice and the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments guidelines, the QLI-SCI version was translated into Hausa language and tested for content validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability among people with SCI in northwest Nigeria. Result: The Hausa QLI (HQLI) demonstrated good content validity (CVI = 92.18%), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.855), and test-retest reliability (ICC =0.949 [95% CI, 0.916-0.969]). Conclusion: The HQLI can be deployed to assess QoL among Hausa-speaking people with SCI, thus promoting robust measurement of QoL in an SCI population.