Public Relations Principles Research Articles

Perceptions of formal career achievements in public relations by students, professionals, and employers: Certificate, accreditation, and College of Fellows

Various professional organizations in the public relations field have created opportunities for formal professional achievement. Among participating professional organizations, there is the Certificate in Principles of Public Relations for students near graduation time, and professionals may pursue Accreditation in Public Relations (APR) or Accreditation in Public Relations + Military Communication (APR+M). For advanced professionals, the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) offers the College of Fellows to its members. However, perceptions of and participation in these achievement opportunities are varied. This study uses the lens of the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) to explore why people do or do not seek to attain these professional milestones. Mean responses on intrinsic social cognitive response variables (confidence, self-efficacy, goal-setting) did not show a significant relationship to motivation, but the extrinsic value expectation was significant. In addition, awareness and perception of these professional achievements among human resources and hiring managers were studied. Results show students and professionals who have earned career achievements have higher mean responses on social cognitive responses than those who do not. Hiring managers value professional development indicators as positive to have but not necessary if candidates have proven experience. Qualitative responses further indicated many respondents were not familiar with the Certificate in Principles of Public Relations, APR, or College of Fellows. Those who had earned these achievements were generally positive. Few students, professionals, or educators reported reaping no benefit once achieved. Those who chose not to pursue or who provided negative responses cited lack of necessity, lacks value, requires too much (e.g. time, money), or process as reasons why.

(The Role of Public Relations in the Effectiveness of the Non-governmental Organizations in the Kurdistan Government, e.g., the charitable organizations).

This research is called (The Role of Public Relations in the Effectiveness of the Non-governmental Organizations in the Kurdistan Government, e.g., the charitable organizations). The research is a disruptive study where the researcher used a survey forum to gather information from employees of (the Humanitarian League organization, the Barzani Charity Foundation, the Rebaz Foundation and people’s charity organization). The main purpose of this research is to discover the role of public relations and its effectiveness among the non-governmental Organizations in the region. Another reason for this research is to showcase the degree to which the employees in these entities rely on the scientific principles of public relations in conducting their organizations’ activities.This is in addition to discovering those tools that public relations use in initiating non-governmental activities in the Kurdistan region.The problem of this research is the vagueness of the actual role of public relations in activating non-governmental activities. The research was conducted in February, March, and April 2023 it has practical and theoretical aspects of the subject and several conclusions were met. The researcher concluded with the result that Public relations has a significant role in an organization’s performance, Also the employees of these entities especially charitable organizations benefit from all the aspects of public relations in conducting their work.

Analysis of Public Relations Problems in Al-Falah Elementary School

Public relations has an important role in school organizations, but there are many problems in implementing the roles and functions of public relations at Al-Falah Elementary School. This will be the focus of study in this research. This research uses a qualitative approach, in which the researcher tries to describe what happened in the field (field facts) into a narrative. public relations has roles and functions including as a mediator with external parties, promoting the existence of schools and maintaining harmony with the community by sticking to the eight principles of public relations. As for carrying out his public relations duties at Al-Falah Elementary School, there are three main problems in carrying out their roles and functions, namely multiple positions, miscommunication and lots of extortion. The solution is to work with school principals, utilize technology and cooperate with authorized agencies.

FORMATION STAGES OF FESTIVE RITUAL ACTION IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article reviews the basic formation stages of festive ritual action in the cultural life of Kazakhstan. Generations to generations of Kazakh have always revered and highly valued their national customs and traditions. It is difficult to describe all the traditions and customs followed by Kazakh people in one scientific work, thus a brief introduction to stages of festive ritual actions, beliefs and customs are dealt with in this article. One of the main traditions of the Kazakhs, which has now become a feature of the national character, is hospitality. Hospitality, in Kazakh society, is considered the main duty - to receive guests from the bottom of the heart. The guest is the most important and most desired person in Kazakh society. It is customary to feed him the most delicious food and do everything to make him feel safe and comfortable. The primary aim of the research is to identify the cultural value of transformed traditions by reviewing the historical background of festive ritual actions. However, the national identities that served as a basis for the occurrence of generalized rules and principles of public relations (tradition), fortunately, are confined not only to representatives of the Kazakh people. Therefore, the basic stages of festive ritual actions formation and widespread authentic customs, and traditions of nomads in the Kazakh steppe are widely studied by authors.

ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ ВЛАСНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

The article considers a number of features of the interaction of power and property in Ukraine: the stable dominance of power over property at all levels of their interaction, the continuity of interaction between power and property in relation to the former economic system. General consequences of the unfinished privatization process and unformed social property relations. The need to privatize state property on the basis of market competition and to form an effective owner. De- oligarchization of property in favor of the state, because today such property is not only monopolistic, but also has a comprador orientation and therefore not only does not work for the growth of national capital, but also helps to support the economy and armed forces of the aggressor. Reasoned position on the need to regulate property relations. Recommendations on the prospects for the development of property rights in Ukraine are offered. It is also necessary to privatize state property on the basis of market competition and in order to form an effective owner. A number of other tasks have both political, legal and economic-regulatory orientation. The current state of Ukraine's development is characterized as an incomplete process of transformation of all spheres of society, the transition from Soviet attributes of state property, command-authoritarian form of government, etc. to modern standards of market economy and democratic principles of public relations. The scale and depth of modernization require appropriate quality content of task setting, cardinal decision-making and the formation of effective factors of development. The latter includes the social institution of private property, which performs a number of crucial functions in modern society. The urgency of considering the social institution of private property is due to its problematic formation in Ukraine, which is manifested in particular in such features as: the dominance of state property in the Soviet past, the incompleteness of the privatization process; monopolization of property and lack of market conditions for change of owners, inconsistency of power in determining the prospects for the development of private property; increasing criminalization of private law, low level of disclosure of the content of this institution in the scientific and journalistic literature. The practical aspect of the problem is complemented by a corresponding insufficient level of political awareness of the importance of this institution for solving Ukraine's pressing problems. In particular, the aspect that in order to create a favorable investment climate and support investment activity, it is necessary to ensure effective protection of private property rights.

Osobenosti odnosa s javnošću u oblasti bankarstva i osiguranja

This paper investigates public relations and specificities of public relations in the banking and insurance sector. Firstly, we define the notion and principles of public relations. Further, we analyse the connection between marketing and public relations. PR departments in banking and insurance sector provide media with financial reports, inform them on new products / services launches, and comment on issues related to banking and insurance sectors. Public relations in insurance have specific ethical and social context. Modern public relations in insurance sector are based on five types of campaigns: launch story, data driven story, survey story, desk research data stories and expert opinions. Modern public relations should be using new communication medias such as internet portals and social networks

Public Relations Principles for the Digital Communication in a Local Crisis

In dealing with the crisis, all institutions must react and urgently solve the problem, but a special challenge is to communicate with key publics, especially those publics that have suffered damage., What is imperative for public relations is fast and two-way communication. That is why digital platforms are indispensable in crisis communication because they enable almost simultaneous reaction and enable institutions to communicate directly with the affected public, without the mediation of information media. This paper aims to analyse the crisis communication of the City of Slavonski Brod through its official website and Facebook page during water pollution in March and April 2018. The analysis was performed by methods of qualitative content analysis and a case study analysis. During the environmental incident, the City of Slavonski Brod did not communicate following the PR principles of crisis communication nor took advantage of digital communication.
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Strategic management of public relations in Kuwait

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to help enrich the body of knowledge of public relations by exploring the status of the practice in Kuwait. Using the generic principles of public relations, a well-known theoretical framework in the field, we study the three major types of organizations: government agencies, nonprofits and corporations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors gathered data using a self-administered survey and qualitative interviews. In total, 250 questionnaires were distributed (both printed and electronic) to employees working in public relations departments in all sectors and received 66 completed responses for a response rate of 26%. In addition, the first author conducted nine elite interviews with a chief executive officer (CEO) of a non-profit organization, a CEO of public relations (PR) agency, four directors of PR department in the private sector and three directors of the PR department in governmental organizations.FindingsThe results indicate that the press-agentry and technical functions dominate PR practice in the country. However, there appears to be a slow momentum for more specialized PR practitioners, who can assist their organizations in coming up with strategies and thus help organizational effectiveness. PR in Kuwait continues to suffer reputationally including the assumption that someone with no relevant knowledge or experience can be employed and succeed.Originality/valueTo the authors knowledge, this is the to study the present some of the generic principles of PR in Kuwait. Therefore, this paper contributes to the PR in Kuwait body of knowledge and provides the generic principles of PR in a new cultural context to test its applicability.

МОЖЛИВІСТЬ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАВЦЯ НА ПРАКТИЦІ: ЛИТВА

The legislator, officials of the state apparatus and the lawyers – all those who face creation, application, and systematization of legal acts – are especially interested in the perfection of such technique. Thinking in legislation is the key element in a process in which the legislator – both legal (lawyer) and political – has to choose one of the many solutions that consolidate social compromise. Legislative technique in Lithuanian doctrine is interpreted in a narrow and a broad sense. This article proves the necessity for the purview of laws to be determined by needs of the society and not by the will of authorities; it also explains how the legislator should apply legal sociology for this purpose. Scientific methods of legal sociology in lawmaking have been introduced relatively recently. The impact of law on political authorities in the process of lawmaking is reflected in actual legally consolidated politics. As legal awareness – „the spirit of law“ – has a direct impact on political processes and determines establishment of procedures, therefore politics itself becomes a part of law. Herewith in political processes the law becomes dynamic and politics itself becomes entrenched in law. In this article interpreting the legislative technique in a broad sense, as a set of methods and means used in preparation, publication and systematization of legal acts, one of its goals should be distinguished – to improve the legislative process from a technical point of view. In Lithuania, it needs to be noted that the content of these requirements have undergone positive changes in quality with the changes of legal acts. In addition to general technical – linguistical requirements material content requirements have been set forth, constituting the scope of individual regulation, the relationship with other legal acts, the essential principles of public relations regulated, etc. At the same time, references to the source of official publication were abandoned, and all these changes lead to conclusion, that the legislative technique in this area has become simpler and clearer and it contributes to the development of better lawmaking.

Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Pelatihan Peranan Humas bagi Anggota Polresta Tangerang

The rapid technology development and information made public (community) being so critical to the policies was taken by the government. This requires police institution to maintain of security guards, public order, enforce the law, provides protection, aegis and service to the community. Public Relations (PR) is an agency which have a duty to understand and evaluate a variety of public opinion in order to help to create harmony between particular agencies with the public. In order to increase quality of human resources in Police Department are required personnel with the ability in resolving problems the happens in society. In resolving these problems, that needed cooperation between police department, college and the community. The contribution of college to police department and the community with conducting the devotion to the community in cooperation Polresta Tangerang. The method in use in devotion community is by providing training of the role of public relations to Polresta Tangerang members through zoom cloud meeting. The role of public relations training aimed at giving public knowledge include similarity in communication, public relations function, basic principles of public relations, the management of the community and management of media relations may be good quality police. The evaluation of the training be concluded that the training that performed capable of increase understanding participants on the role of public relations.

The Principle of Public Relations in Leadership in Educational Institutions

Leadership within specialized institutions in educational institutions has a very urgent function in facilitating comparative achievements among followers, also providing opportunities for them to develop and innovate. A leader also has an important role in the development of the institution he leads, where the leader becomes an effective communicator that he can actually establish a good communication relationship between personal leaders and followers, as well as those who do not only within the internal relations circle, however, a good relationship must extend beyond the institution's discussion room to the social discussion space around the institution because educational institutions are related to institutions that relate to the surrounding social community. A leader must be able to establish a good relationship between himself, his followers and also the social environment around the institution that might be more focused on the parents of the institution's students, so the principles of public relations must be needed in researchers in educational institutions, because the basis of success in social life is good communication between social individuals.

Keeping hospitals operating during disasters through crisis communication preparedness

The public has high expectations that hospitals will provide compassion, care, and extensive support for both injured and uninjured disaster survivors. In the face of disasters like pandemics or terrorist attacks, hospital communicators must be prepared to effectively communicate internally, externally, and across organizations. Furthermore, in crisis situations, hospitals must apply guiding principles of public relations including relationship management and rumor management. There remains a shortage of literature examining strategic risk and crisis communication in healthcare settings, including best practices. We conducted 27 interviews with U.S. hospital personnel charged with disaster management and/or crisis communication. Key findings reveal communication challenges not identified in prior research, such as policing the media and managing up, as well as reinforcing existing generic best practices, such as accepting uncertainty.

Big strategy to little strategy: a multiple case analysis of public affairs planning

Grand strategy or overall strategy is essential to successful strategic communication planning as are the tactics of any campaign to accomplish that longer‐term strategy. That is what is meant in thinking of big strategy to little strategy in the title of this study. The terms play off the phrase, the big idea, generally credited to David Ogilvy who some call the father of advertising but also used by Edward Bernays, who some call the father of public relations, in his 1936 work, Biography of an Idea: The Founding Principles of Public Relations. The purpose of the present study was to meld the big and little concepts of strategy in public relations through analyzing strategic communication plans for Multi‐National Forces‐Iraq, a United Nations military force of 40 countries led by the United States. It encompassed multiple case studies that included interviews, documents, participant observation, and direct observation in strategic communication planning. It also confirmed the usage of research and overarching goals as big strategy, and the operational and tactical parts of public relations planning as little strategy although big strategy can be elevated to the highest corporate levels as well.

Estilo Pessoal: Ferramenta Estratégica de Relações Públicas / Personal Style: A strategic tool for Public Relations

Com o objetivo de analisar se o estilo pessoal pode ser considerado uma ferramenta estratégica de Relações Públicas, este trabalho se originou de uma pesquisa exploratória na qual buscou-se, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, analisar a gestão de marcas pessoais a partir dos princípios das Relações Públicas e entender a função comunicativa da moda, do vestuário e do estilo pessoal. Foi possível perceber que através das Relações Públicas Pessoais, o profissional de Relações Públicas pode atuar de forma plena na gestão de marcas pessoais, aplicando as mesmas técnicas destinadas às organizações. Concluiu-se, então, que o estilo pessoal deve ser considerado uma ferramenta de Relações Públicas e que pode ser utilizado, estrategicamente e profissionalmente, para resolver os problemas e atingir os objetivos delimitados no processo de Relações Públicas.

Broadcasting, reacting, engaging – three strategies for CSR communication in Twitter

Purpose– Symmetric communication and relationship building are core principles of public relations, which have been highlighted for CSR communication. The purpose of this paper is to develop three different communication strategies for CSR communication in Twitter, of which each contributes differently to the ideals of symmetric communication and relationship building. The framework is then applied to analyze how companies use the micro-blogging service Twitter for CSR communication.Design/methodology/approach– Social network analysis is used to identify the 30 most central corporate accounts in a CSR Twitter network.Findings– From the social network analysis 40,000 tweets are extracted and manually coded. Anova is applied to investigate differences in the weighting of CSR topics between the different strategies.Originality/value– So far not much is known about how social media, such as Twitter, contribute to the core principles of public relations, if companies use social media to foster symmetric communication and relationship management, or which CSR topics they address.

The Impact of Public Relations Principles in the Strategic Management of the Police Force in Kenya

Public Relations is a department which has not been effectively utilized in the public sector, particularly in the police force in Kenya. One can hardly find it clearly defined and stipulated in the statutes and organizational structures of the various public institutions. Its presumed non-existence has resulted to lack of aggressiveness and low morale among staff members, negative publicity and bribery incidences in the forces, increased insecurity, negligence and public demonstrations as witnessed in Kenya during the 2007 post election violence. This study sought to determine the effect of public relations principles in the management of the police force in Kenya. This study used cross sectional data. The study target populations were four (4) police stations in Kisumu police division comprising of approximately 330 staff members of the force in the four stations under KPD (this figures are as at October 2008). Given the numbers involved and sensitivity of information in the police force, convenience and simple random sampling were used for the study. A reconnaissance study done in October 2008 confirms the availability of respondents to provide data required. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data, which was presented in the form of frequency tables and bar charts. The data for the study reported that only top-level management was involved in planning activities. Majority (59.03%, n=98) of the respondents seemed to be of the opinion that the effectiveness and efficiency of the planning process including policy formulation and analysis was on the average. The media was most involved in informing management on PR as stated by 59.03% of the respondents. The study recommends that facts gathering instrument like conducting of interviews, literature review, observation and informal conversations be used so as to be able to collect appropriate data. This is because Radio/TV alone cannot offer holistic information on the PR situation. It would thus be important to conduct full surveys and to produce reports so as to accurately present the PR situation.

Managing strategically: Canadian federal government communication branches evaluated against five of the Generic Principles of Public Relations

The Government of Canada employs over 4000 public relations/communication specialists at the federal, national political level. These practitioners are public servants, employed by a government department or agency, with the vast majority working in a designated unit called a communication branch. Since 2000, in order to compare management practices between and among these discrete communication branches, four comprehensive government-wide benchmarking studies were conducted. From a review of three of these studies’ findings, this paper examines the practice of strategic management by Government of Canada communication branches and their heads, in particular the concept of managing strategically. Five of the generic principles, part of the General Theory of Excellent Public Relations and derived from the work of the Excellence Project, are tested. Evidence from the findings of these benchmarking studies suggests that Government of Canada communication branches indeed were managed strategically by 2008. ©Journal of Professional Communication, all rights reserved.

Book Review: Sport Public Relations and Communication by Maria Hopwood, James Skinner, and Paul Kitchin

Public Relations and Communication. Maria Hopwood, James Skinner, and Paul Kitchin. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010. 288 pp. $53.95 pbk.Sport Public Relations and Communication is a well-rounded book with a number of good but only a few great qualities. The purpose of the book, according to its authors, is to provide a concise guide for to apply public relations theory to the sports industry, or to demonstrate how the principles of public relations and communications can be successfully applied in practice within a context.The book is a response to what the authors see as a gap in the scholarly work on public relations and communications in the sports marketing and management field. Maria Hopwood has taught at universities in Britain and Australia; James Skinner is head of the Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Management at Griffith University in Australia; and Paul Kitchin is a lecturer in management at the University of Ulster, Northern Ireland.Generally formatted as a textbook, with themed chapters that include definitions of key terms and discussion questions, the book also includes full references and some original or emerging ideas that could be helpful for scholarly research. Ultimately, however, this book is most clearly suited for a classroom setting, perhaps an upperlevel or graduate course. As a book geared toward classroom use, it provides coverage of general public relations theory that is often introductory in nature, suitable for public relations theory novices. For those more experienced with the theoretical underpinnings of public relations, however, the utility of this theory review lies in its contextualization in the sports industry. While other anthologies may provide more in-depth explanations of major theoretical movements in the field of public relations, this work provides a precisely directed overview of those theories. This contextualization and specificity may prove useful to students and scholars looking for shortcut applications of general public relations theory to sports industry issues and questions.To that end, the coverage of major public relations theories and issues is fairly broad in Public Relations and Communication. Both excellence theory and relationship management theory are outlined by the end of the third chapter. There are also chapters devoted to important public relations issues like crisis communication, corporate social responsibility (CSR), new media, and international public relations. In each case, the topic is filtered through and applied to a sports industry lens.In fact, the text sees sports public relations as a different animal than other kinds of PR. This may be best illustrated by Hopwood's chapter on Sport Marketing Public Relations (SMPR), in which she argues that sport needs to be approached with an SMPR rather than with marketing mindset. …

On the Business and Economics Education of Public Relations Students

A great deal of attention has been paid in this journal, professional journalism magazines, newspaper industry, and other players to fit between journalism education, journalism profession generally, and newspaper industry specifically with regard to blogging, citizen journalism, specialized journalism, midcareer training, and so-called converged news media. But what is state of public relations education today? Commission on Public Relations two years ago issued its report, Professional Bond: Education, Public Relations and Practice, subtitled Public Relations for 21st Century, which follows up on a 1999 report and delves into every nook and cranny of PR education that most practitioners and professionals could think of. Interested readers may find report available online in full at www.commpred.org/report/pdf/research.pdf. I focus here on one aspect of that report: what it says about educating PR students in disciplines and subdisciplines that traditionally are in schools' bailiwicks. report's Research section tells us in part: understanding of practices... were identified as deficiencies in entry-level practitioners. It adds under What a Public Relations Curriculum Should Include: the fundamentals of how organizations operate and that at least graduate students should engage in interdisciplinary study that might, for instance, include... management.... report's Diversity section implies that PR practitioners obtain formal training in human resources management: The diversity aspect of public relations involves human resources, staffing, team, vendor and personnel functions. report's Education section implies that undergraduate students in PR already have been required or advised to take school courses while at same time reporting that some of content of those kinds of courses ['business and social/behavioral sciences'] is being incorporated directly into public relations curriculum. But much more explicitly, report says following knowledge and skills should be taught in an undergraduate public relations curriculum and then lists, in part: marketing and various... economic... frame works, change and development, management concepts and theories, problem-solving and negotiation, strategic and managing people, programs and resources. Its general explanation reads, in part, that Principles of public relations and must be intertwined with and related to ..... and cites a growing need for students to be completely conversant in principles and practices of business.... And its specifics for of Undergraduate Courses include: financial and investor and organizational behavior, finance ..... with directed options including and starting out with business marketing, finance, economics, behavior.... report's undergraduate education section ultimately includes three different models, a Journalism/Mass Communication Model with external requirements including accounting, marketing, and finance; a Communication/English/Liberal Arts Model with external requirements including economics....; and a Business/Management Model, which includes marketing and marketing research and statistics, marketing management, consumer insight, and business electives (e.g., public relations strategy, public relations planning, investor relations, crisis issues ethics, international business). But it is in 2006 report's Graduate Education section in which Commission made its strongest arguments in favor of more school and school-like education for PR students. Among its list of Revised Content Areas since its 1999 report is Management sciences. …

Diplomasi Publik Organisasi Nonpemerintah dalam Membangun Citra Indonesia: Studi Kegiatan 'Koalisi untuk Kebebasan Informasi'

The research is aimed to find out the “Coalition for Freedom of Information” activity, or Coalition, that can be categorized public diplomacy, its relationship with implementing thegovernment as the requirement to realize the good governance, and to get to know the relationship between good governance and the image building of Indonesia. The principles of public relations are used as the approach in analyzing the phenomenon of public diplomacy used by Coalition. This research was conducted by using the qualitative approach through constructivist paradigm toward the Coalition attitude in applying the public diplomacy. This research used both the key and supporting informa collecting was conducted by interview, observation, participation, and documentary study about the Coalition activity as well as the delphi technique. The data analysis was carried out as long as the research went on through the intersubjective commitment to focus being researched. The research gained some findings which involved: (a) The “Coalition for Freedom of Information” activity in public diplomacy can be done by the public relations approach using some activity categories, (b) The “Coalition for freedom of information” performance is focused on the efforts to uphold the law concerning freedom of access to public information in supporting the realization of good governance, (c) The public diplomacy activity applied by the Coalition through its advocacy was considered successful which can be seen by the local government rules concerning the implementation of participative and transparent government, (d) The model with the integrated public diplomacy potency and the synergy between the state actor and the non-state actor possessing their own structural authority and legality in the information service system for all public elements can build the positive image of Indonesia.