Principles Of Interdisciplinary Approach Research Articles

Interdisciplinary approach to professional training of pre-service foreign language teachers at university

Introduction. An important problem of preparing university students to future professional activity following the principles of sustainable development enunciated by the UNO dictates the need for the use of teaching techniques and methods that allow students to form a holistic worldview, develop critical thinking skills and the need for learning and self-development throughout their lives. The preparation of students to live and work under dynamically changing social and economic conditions and multi-tasking of job responsibilities is presently being solved by various educational technologies based on the principles of interactivity and interdisciplinarity. The aim of this research is the experimental organization of the training of pre-service foreign language teachers on the principles of interdisciplinary approach. Methods and materials. The following methods were used for the data collection and interpretation: analysis of university documentation, survey by means of questionnaire and interview, observation, Wilcoxon rank sum test. The sample group was represented by the third-year students of Novosibirsk State Technical University, majoring in Theory and Methodology of Teaching Foreign Languages and Cultures, Linguistics program. The research was carried out during the period of two years (2020-2022). The total number of students participating in experimental learning is 48. Results. The choice of the groups with the third-year students was defined by the results of the previous research indicating the decrease of learning motivation among the third-year students (37 %) in comparison with students of other years of university studying – 1st year (68%), 2nd year (54%) and 4th year (74%). The reliability of the data was confirmed by the Wilcoxon T-test at Temp <Tcr (at the level of 0.01), where Temp =1, and Tcr has values from 3 to 8 (Tcr=3 (p≤0.01), Tcr=8 (p≤0.01 0.05)). The analysis of the experimental data indicates the relevance of interdisciplinary approach to training pre-service foreign language teachers because of the high motivational potential stimulating interest to future profession. In replying to the questionnaire the respondents recognized the necessity to use interdisciplinary approach in education (‘yes’ and ‘rather yes that no’) – 91,6%, its positive influence on developing professional competence – 89,5 % and doing practical tasks of future professional sphere – 95,8 %. Conclusion. The application of interdisciplinary approach to training university students motivates them to study the chosen profession. That is why it necessitates the importance of further research into organizational arrangements and methodology of its implementation in the university practice.

Use of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of dyspareunia in postmenopausal women

To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) for the treatment of dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. A psychological, sexological and gynaecological examination of 52 women aged from 45 to 57 (54.4±2.3) with the menopause lasting between 2 and 11 years (7.5±1.2) and with dyspareunia was carried out.Sexological examination included: interview method questionnaire; genitals vascular responses value (duplex Doppler scanning of clitoris vessels in XARIA TOSHIBA machine before and after video-erotic stimulation). Patients were given injections of autologous PRP (6 ml of plasma containing platelet concentration around 1.6 times the baseline where more than 80% are viable) in the region of paraurethral zone, introitus vagina and vagina twice with the interval of 21-22 days. Dyspareunia developed against the background of lubrication disturbance and was accompanied by the reduction of libido (88.5%), formation of secondary anorgasmia (40.4%) and disharmony in relations of partners (32.7%). Doppler scanning of clitoris vessels registered: maximum speed of blood flow (Vsmax) – 1.6–2.3 cm/sec at rest and 3.1–4.1 cm/sec in 30 minutes after video-erotic stimulation; resistance index (IR) – 0.79-0.81 at rest and 0.84-1.0 after the stimulation. Treatment of female sexual dysfunctions was based on the principles of interdisciplinary approach: both individual and couple psychotherapy and a course of PRP therapy (2 procedures). On the 7th day after the PRP therapy we established improvement of lubrication. After the treatment Vsmax of clitoris vessels amounted to 3.7-5.8 cm/sec at rest and 5.3-8.5 cm/sex after the stimulation, IR was 0.51-0.62 and 0.58-0.68 accordingly. As a result of the treatment we established gradual removal of dyspareunia symptoms in 73.1% and reduction of dyspareunia intensiveness in 26.9%. Use of PRP promotes improvement of blood flow in urogenitals, restoration of lubrication and removal of dyspareunia symptoms in postmenopausal women. No conflict of interest.

«Possibilities of a unified approach to the treatment of IgE-associated
 respiratory diseases. Clinical Experience exchange».

Inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory airways, such as allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, bronchial asthma have common proinflammatory mechanisms, mediated by IgE-dependent cascade of inflammation. Concurrent existence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and/or nasal polyposis increases clinical symptoms severity, disease course aggravation and eventually disease control loss for the patient. Anti-IgE-therapy is pathogenetically justified effective and safe therapeutic option for various patient groups. Today principles of interdisciplinary approach are in practice to target upper and lower respiratory diseases management, which determines the success of biological therapy. ENT, pulmonology and allergy specialists define patient management tactics in close collaboration taking into consideration diseases manifestation. The proven efficacy and safety of оmalizumab makes this drug a universal tool to achieve IgE-associated diseases control and an alternative solution for surgical intervention and therapy with systemic corticosteroids.

THE MILITARY COOPERATION BETWEEN THE CRIMEAN KHANATE AND THE ZAPOROIZHIAN HOST IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE 17th CENTURY

The purpose of the study ‒ analysis of the historical events associated with the development of the formation process of the military and political alliance which was in force from the time of the end of the Khotyn War till the 40s of the 17t h century. The set up aim has been achieved on the base of observing the general theoretical and methodological principles of sources studying, so as to provide identification of the typical features of the above said historical events. The study methodology is based on keeping in line with the principles of historism and historical sources-studying, those ones of objectiveness and specific historical systematicity, as well as on the principles of interdisciplinary approach, identification of the truth and informational value of the identified data and facts. While carrying this study, there have been applied the general historical methods of the historiographic, terminological and typological analyses, as well as the comparativistics method. The academic novelty of the study is a civilisational сcomprehension of the Historiography of Ukraine in the context of a renovation and development of its statehood, and the application of the author’s methodology for the interpretation of the respective historical events with taking into account the information available in Turkish-Ottoman written sources. Conclusions. The sources-based study we have carried out of contents of the Turkish Ottoman written documents, where there are available data about the Cossack-Hetmanic Ukraine in the first half of the 17th century and about its relationships with the Ottoman Empire, gives us grounds to make the following conclusions: 1) the Khotyn Military Campaign became a historical event, which noticeably changed the correlation between the military and political forces in Eastern Europe and in the Northern Black-Sea Area, while the consequences of that campaign were as follows: а) destabilisation of the domestic situation in the Ottoman Empire, hence − a further decrease in the capabilities of that state to keep holding its military and political positions in the above said regions; b) emergence of tendencies to making actions in the foreign policy of the Crimean Khanate against the central power; c) a further rise of the military power of the Zaporozhian Sich and transformation of the «Cossack factor» into an important component of the international relations in Eastern Europe and in the Northern Black-Sea Area; 2) a crisis in the domestic situation, which was one of the most negative consequences for the Ottoman Empire after the defeats of its military forces in the Khotyn Military campaign, resulted in incapability of this state to provide help to the Crimean Khanate in suppressing by that the protesting movement of the population, and that made the ruling circlers of the Crimean Khanate search a political union with the Zaporozhian Sich, that in the second quarter of the 17th century turned into one of the most powerful at that time military force, which both the Ottoman Empire and the Polish and Lithuanian Commonwealth had to think of in their activities. It was this fact that became a pre-condition for strengthening the military and political cooperation between the Cossack-Hetmanic Ukraine and the Crimean Ulus. However, such a scenario of the events made it possible a development of the cultural relations between these countries which require making further studies.

Organization of rehabilitation programs for cancer patients based on an interdisciplinary approach

Purpose. To improve the technology of cancer patients' rehabilitation in the multidisciplinary hospital using an interdisciplinary approach at the stages of combined treatment of malignant tumors. Patients and methods . The analysis of 845 cases of admission of cancer patients in a multidisciplinary clinic for oncological rehabilitation, including treatment of complications and co morbid diseases, diagnosis and palliative care, on the specialized treatment stages was made. Based on the diagnosis, clinical status, determination of the clinical potential of these patients the need in medical rehabilitation of cancer patients based on the principles of an interdisciplinary approach was established. Results. A low commitment of oncologists to refer patients to multidisciplinary hospitals for supporting general medical treatment programs, which involve the work of multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams, especially at the initial stages of cancer, was revealed. In 94.1% of cases, based on oncologists' recommendation patients were presented to the multidisciplinary hospital only in the advanced stage of malignant disease. However, 64.8% of patients who came only for the purpose of hospice or palliative care treatment were able to continue their anticancer treatment. In 4.9% of cases among patients, who were referred for palliative care, the severity of their condition was mistakenly regarded as a relapse of cancer, whereas it was caused by comorbid pathology. The low interest of cancer patients in rehabilitation programs in the absence of recommendations from oncologists was revealed. It was shown that supportive therapy based on the principles of interdisciplinary approach is not only needed for patients with far-ongoing manifestations of cancer process, but also for patients with stage I-II of cancer, since even at this stage various complications of cancer disease, the consequences of its treatment and also manifestations of a combined pathology are often encountered. Conclusion . A classification of medical problems of cancer patients was proposed. Based on the newly developed methodology, the algorithm of personified rehabilitation support programs of oncological patients' and guidelines for managing patients at the stages of specialized and rehabilitative treatment using principles of an interdisciplinary approach, were created.

473 Sexual dysfunctions in women in premenopause

To determine the frequency and spectrum of female sexual dysfunctions (FSD) in premenopause. Average age of the beginning of menopause in Ukraine is 48.3 years. A psychological, sexological and gynaecological examination of 37 women aged from 46 to 48 with regular menstrual cycle was carried out. Sexological examination included: interview method questionnaire; the first-order estrogenic zones sensitivity determination (vibro-testing); genitals vascular responses value (duplex Doppler scanning of clitoris vessels in XARIA TOSHIBA machine before and after video-erotic stimulation); levels determination of estradiol (E2), total and free testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG) in dynamics. Dyspareunia (21.6%) developed in last 1-2 years against the background of lubrication disturbance and was accompanied by the reduction of libido (18.9%), formation of secondary anorgasmia (15.4%) and disharmony in relations of partners (18.9%). Doppler scanning of clitoris vessels registered hypokinemia rate at rest 1.7-2.5 cm/sec and in 30 minutes after video-erotic stimulation – 3.7-4.5 cm/sec. It did not change among the 15.4% of women with FSD (dyspareunia, reduction of sexual desire, anorgasmia) and was 0.9 to 1.4 cm/sec. Vibro test determination of marginal sensitivity of erogenous zones of first rank detected the increase in pain susceptibility of first order erogenous zones. The patients with sexual dysfunctions had reduced E2 concentration in blood (in 1.2-1.5 times) and free testosterone index reduction (in 1.3-1.5 times) in comparison to women with the preserved sexual health. Treatment of female sexual dysfunctions was based on the principles of interdisciplinary approach: both individual and couple psychotherapy, local use of suppositories with estriol and a course of plasmotherapy. The couple’s sexual harmony was achieved.

Determination of the frequency of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (gsm) and female sexual dysfunctions

The carried out research has shown that menopause, a special state of quality transformation in a woman’s body, caused by the shift in hormonal homeostasis, is an evidential moment of direct dependency between change of concentration of sex steroids and frequency and level of age disorders, namely genitourinary menopausal disorders, sexual dysfunctions. It was established that the average age of the beginning of menopause in the examined women was 49,1±1,22 years. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, as a feature of medium-term climacteric disorders, was observed in 53,1% of the examined women, while in 127 (36,3%) of the examined these disorders were first established 1–2 years before the menopause, with I degree of complexity in 43 (12,3%) and II degree – in 139 (39,7%). It was noted that among women of menopausal age sexual dysfunctions were established, namely disorders of desire (48,6%), arousal (46,9%), primary (10,6%) and secondary (17,7%) anorgasmia, dyspareunia (49,1%), diagnosed in 72,6% of cases in various combinations. Disorders of sexual health in women of menopausal age were combined with the state of disappointment, reduction of self-esteem and contributed to the disharmony of a couple through «vicious circle». Prevention of these disorders should be carried out systematically and gradually, starting with premenopause in accordance with the principles of interdisciplinary approach.

Improvement of the Quality of Education as a Factor of the Improvement of the Effectiveness of Innovation Processes Management in the Economy

This article is dedicated to the search of the innovative ways to improve the educational system required for the formation of competence. The content and the structure of the concept of economic as a base, integral characteristic of the personal qualities of man, which reflects competence, provides an efficient and effective implementation of work in different areas of the economy according to socially accepted legal and moral norms, suggests the presence of managerial abilities, skills in analysis and work results forecasting, the concept of the effective and efficient opportunities for its implementation, professional mobility is specified. Expert competence is expressed in the unity of the personal, activity, cognitive spheres of subjects managing in the field of economy. The paper describes the technology of competence forming, based on such principles as focus on innovation; the development of systematic thinking, which makes it possible to take decisions at a high level of generality; informatization and also the principles of inter-disciplinary approach and the principles of humanization. The conceptually significant organizational and pedagogical conditions of educational process in the context of the formation of competence, an inextricable connection of the economy with all spheres of human activity, methods and techniques to restore the disturbed equilibrium in society training, the correction of the outlook are identified and justified. The means of competence formation are designed. The principal indices, criteria and levels of formation of competence of the individual are defined. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s3p283