Principles Of Administration Research Articles

TAXATION AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: EXPERIENCE OF ANCIENT GREECE

The article analyzes the experience of tax policy formation in ancient Athens in connection with the development of public administration in the ancient era. The importance of studying this scientific problem in the context of Ukraineʼs strategic course towards the European Union is emphasized. The article aims to identify problems related to the experience of tax policy in Ancient Greece in connection with the strategy of public administration in ancient Athens. It is noted that the economic relations and tax policy of the ancient Greeks were closely linked to the specificities of citizenʼs social life in ancient Hellas. The concepts of freedom, slavery, and the polis decisively influenced the concept of the tax system implemented in Athens in the 5th – 4th centuries BCE. It is emphasized that various models of tax systems were applied in different historical periods within ancient Attica. During the tyranny of Peisistratos and his successors, a direct 10% tax, unpopular among citizens, was practiced. Later, in the era of democracy, a complex tax system emerged, combining a direct tax on foreigners (metoikion) and an extraordinary war tax (eisphora). At the same time, social duty (liturgia) played a significant role, serving as an alternative to direct taxation of wealthy Athenians and involving voluntary financing of socially significant projects. The effectiveness of eisphora and liturgia was explained primarily by the high level of civic consciousness among the ancient Athenians, who demonstrated readiness to serve the interests of their polis. The article mentions that in addition to direct and targeted taxes, there existed a system of indirect levies in ancient Athens, which were derived from commercial activities, logistic services, property use, etc. An important invention of the Athenians was a tax model that did not involve maintaining a bureaucratic apparatus. This was achieved by contracting tax collection to private contractors through auctions. It is concluded that a successful tax model could be realized thanks to the excellent self-organization of Athenian citizens, high civic consciousness, and the principles of public administration in tax policy.

Organizational and legal basis for the development of the concept city public administration

Currently, few Russian scholars agree on a single concept of public city administration. The unification of the concept of public administration of cities, including partial unification, in Russian science is a debatable issue. In this paper, we put forward and test the hypothesis that it is possible to find common foundations of the concept of public city administration, despite its specificity. The author also determines the content foundations of this concept. The concepts of “public administration” and “city” are not currently fixed in the norms of international law and Russian legislation, therefore, it is proposed to provide them with a legal definition. The concepts of cities’ public administration are united by the fact that they are a documentary expression of public administration as a single activity, and they also aim at implementation in cities. The content of the foundations of the studied concept includes the city’s main goals and the principles of public city administration, which are recommended to be included into the federal legislation. The methodology of the study is based on the dialectical method, which has helped determine the foundations of the concept of public administration of the city. The use of the comparative legal method has contributed to identifying the distinctive features that characterize the concept of public administration of the city.

Exploring internship nursing students' experiences regarding the effect of supervision model implementation on medication safety: A descriptive qualitative study.

Medication safety is one of the main aspects of safe care in the nursing profession, which leads to increasing patient safety and preventing medication errors. Clinical supervision is an integral part of nursing education that leads to the professional and social development of nursing students. This study was designed with the aim of revealing the experiences of nursing internship students from the implementation of the clinical supervision model on medication safety. This descriptive qualitative study was done in 2022. The participants were selected from nursing internship students (Last year undergraduate) of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Participants in this study were 15 nursing internship students selected using a purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The qualitative content analysis approach was used for data analysis. After analyzing the data, four categories, "promotion medication safety competence and knowledge," "development trust and respect climate," "outcome of feedback," and "role of clinical supervisor," and 10 subcategories were extracted from the participants' experiences. The implementation of the clinical supervision model led to an increase in the competence of nursing internship students in medication safety. The students believed that this educational method made them follow the principles of medication safety administration. The feedback provided in the clinical supervision sessions made students think about their clinical activities, understand the reason for their mistakes, and use the reliable nursing resources introduced by the supervisor to improve their performance.

In-house award of concession contracts: Assessment of economic and social adequacy

The Directive 2014/23/EU established the principle of free administration by national, regional and local authorities in conformity with national and the European Union law. According to the principle, the authorities can decide how to manage the works or services to ensure a high level of quality, safety, affordability, equal opportunity access and user rights. This principle allows an in-house award of concession contracts that requires an economic assessment of the adequacy of the offer and the benefits of the chosen management for the community. Given the complexity of the assessment, the scientific literature requires an address to define economic fairness and the benefits of the chosen management for the community. The paper aims to define an approach useful for establishing the economic congruity and community benefits for direct awards to in-house companies. This paper conducts a systematic legislation review of a European country, Italy. This research reviews the main Italian legislation following the systematic review proposed by Tranfield et al. (2003), which is one of the most recognized, tested and validated methods for literature review used in scientific studies. The results highlight an integrated approach for establishing and reporting the economic adequacy and benefits of the chosen management as well as for comparing the pricing and benefits of the works or services directly awarded. The study gives a practical contribution to public authorities developing a guideline useful for an integrated assessment of the economic congruity and community benefits for direct awards to in-house companies; furthermore, this study supports the scientific literature through a framework that summarizes the main legislation.

ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОГО МОЛЧАНИЯ НА КОНСТИТУЦИОННОЕ ПРАВО ЧЕЛОВЕКА НА НАДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЕ

Fiction, as an effective mechanism aimed at ensuring the constitutional right of proper administration, is a serious impulse for the entire system of public administration: on the basis of an application by an individual or legal entity in the field of public law, while carrying out a state-authoritative function, it is possible to ensure the basic principles of administration, otherwise the consequence that is most desirable for the applicant will be achieved. The above should more than alert any official acting on behalf of the state and the municipality to avoid fictitious acts as much as possible, since such an act may be unlawful, but the addressee of the act, having the right to trust this act, will exercise his rights, thereby ensuring a disproportionate balance between its rights and interests of the state and municipality.

Civil Servant Performance: Study on the Koperasi Daya Karya, Sintang District Education and Culture Office

This paper aims to show how the performance of the Koperasi Daya Karya in the Sintang District Office of Education and Culture has so far been. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this study describes several problems that refer to the first aspect of responsiveness, namely the ability to identify the needs of members, prioritize services, develop agendas, and develop service programs for members who have not been running optimally and not yet optimal. unfulfilled needs and aspirations of members; secondly, the responsibility for implementing activities at “Daya Karya” has not been carried out with administrative principles that are in line with cooperative policies, the level of conformity between the formulation of the vision and mission of the Koperasi and the dynamics of change, the level of anticipation in dealing with change; accountability of "Daya Karya" which has not been able to account for its actions and work optimally, as well as several factors that influence the results of the work of dedication to "Daya Karya" of the Sintang District Education and Culture Office. Thus, this research is expected to make service performance at the "Daya Karya" Office of Education and Culture of Sintang Regency run optimally.

Aksjologia prawa administracyjnego. Czas jako wartość w funkcjonowaniu urzędu gminy

The article incorporates the subjects of time in municipal office. The aim of the article is examining the time’s influence on the work of municipal offices, in particular mayor, officials, the connotation between time and internal audit and also examine the influence of municipal office’s work at clients’ satisfaction. The above levels of functioning of the office are directly related to its work, while in their structure they are located closest to the citizens. A body such as the mayor, as well as his employees, therefore have a great impact on the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity. According to the principle of subsidiarity, all decisions affecting citizens should be made at the lowest possible levels and as quickly as possible to those citizens. Internal audit improves the functioning of the two planes indicated above, moreover, it is a manifestation of the implementation of the principle of good public administration. Thus, the choice of all three planes as the subject of the following analysis is intended to show the practical dimension of the value of time, and thus indicate its relevance in the functioning of the municipal office. The examination of cases was carried out on the basis of specialistic literature concerning the meanings of time in administrative law and also of mayor’s orders, the organization regulations in municipal office and statistical survey. In the aim of better understanding of the issue, the author discussed the definition of time, time in administrative law, the office and the municipal office. The results of the examinations are the conclusion of a legal solution – introducing the concept of time and term to the legal acts in the municipal office and also the conclusions of time work’s modifications.

PRINSIP-PRINSIP PENYELENGGARAAN PERADILAN MENURUT FIQH QADHA DAN UNDANG-UNDANG DI INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the legal system adopted in Indonesia. Mix Law System is one of the applicable legal systems, in addition to the enactment of the national legal system applies also Islamic law. The existence of Islamic Law is manifested in the constitution of the State of Indonesia which is commonly known as the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Where the 1945 Constitution is a basic law that regulates the life of the nation and state in order to realize a just government and a prosperous people. This research uses an empirical sociological approach method that is descriptive analysis with the use of qualitative data as the type of research and library research as one of the data collection techniques. This research concludes that, first: The principles of Islamic Law that are used as the ideal foundation of fiqh are the principle of tauhidullah, the principle of insaniyah, the principle of tasamuh, the principle of ta'awun, the principle of silaturahim bain annas, the principle of justice, and the principle of benefit. As for knowing the theories of Islamic law enforcement in the apostolic period of Muhammad SAW are the theory of confession, the theory of accession, the theory of proof, the theory of verdicts, the theory of oaths, the theory of forgiveness. Second: Dispute resolution based on classical Islamic law namely, Al Sulh (Peace), Tahkim (Arbitration), Wilayat al Qadha (Judicial power). Third: The principles of judicial administration according to fiqh qadha and Indonesian law there is a strong correlation between the state and Islam, including Islamic law which has become a living law in the life of the nation and state. Fourth: The principles in the constitution also have relevance to the principles in Islamic Law which are regulated in the Quran and the Al-Hadith including the principles of justice, equality, and welfare. Based on this, Indonesia, which is based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, can be reviewed from the perspective of Islamic law as an effort to realize the laws regulated in the Quran and Al-Hadith.

Chinese expert consensus on transanal drug administration for constipation (2022 edition )

Constipation is a clinical symptom. It can be caused by environment, habit, disease and drugs. Chronic constipation is a disease that can occur at any age and its prevalence increases with age. Transanal administration is a common method to treat all kinds of constipation, especially to relieve stool blockage. However, the method and dose of transanal administration vary by age, drug and preparation types of drugs, and the effect of defecation is also quite different. At present, there is no expert consensus to follow in China or abroad. This consensus was convened by Anorectal Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Colorectal Surgery Group of Branch of Surgery of Chinese Medical Association and Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, to incorporate the latest evidence in China and abroad. This consensus addressed common transanal preparations, principles of administration, and efficacy for constipation. The evidence quality was assessed and the recommendation intensity was graded according to the GRADE system. The consensus aims to help standardize drug selection in practice and guide clinical application.

НАПРЯМИ ТА ПРИНЦИПИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗЕМЛЕКОРИСТУВАННЯМ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the study of directions and principles of the state land use management. The authors describe the rational land use methods ways of Ukraine's land resources awareness formation in the minds of Ukrainians. It has been revealed who owns the land resources in Ukraine. The article describes the process of forming the land market in the context of land reform and describes the peculiarities of changes implementation. The principles of land use rationalization and the introduction of effective land use in order to improve the quality of life for the Ukrainian people have been clarified. It was concluded that the state management system should be established for the rational use of land resources in order to obtain the maximum result from the realization of the soil potential. In turn, one should understand the essence of the concept of rational use. Rational use is the one which takes into account all features of land resources in order to ensure high efficiency of land use and compliance with all norms of land protection, prevention of fertility deterioration. The purpose of the article is to study the process of implementing the land reform and the formation of the land market in Ukraine, to overview the purpose of this process in the form of benefits for the Ukrainian people, to determine the role of state administration in the process of effective land use, to describe the principles of public administration and principles of rational land use. The creation of a land market in Ukraine is a necessary measure, which in the long run will solve a complex of existing problems, among which are legalization, control and compliance with the rules for buying and selling land. In fact, these processes are already taking place, but uncontrollably. Rational use of Ukraine's land resources is possible only with effective state land and general agrarian policy.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SUPERVISI DENGAN PENERAPAN PRINSIP ENAM BENAR DALAM PEMBERIAN OBAT OLEH PERAWAT PELAKSANA DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RSI SITI RAHMAH PADANG

Nurses as part of the health care system is responsible for the provision of safe drugs. In order to achieve safe administration, nurses should pay attention to the six principles of client really is true, right drug, right dose, right time, right route, and right documentation. The phenomenon of the field obtained 30% of the drugs that are given are not documented, 15% of the drug is administered in a way that is not right, 23% of the drug is given at a wrong time, 2% of drugs are not given, 12% of the drug is administered at a dose yag right. Factors that affect the application of the principle of six true in drug delivery including knowledge and supervision. The aim of research to determine the relationship of knowledge and supervision with the correct application of the six principles of drug administration by nurses in inpatient unit RSI Siti Rahmah Padang.
 This type of research is analytic survey design using cross sectional study. The population around the nurses in the inpatient unit of 52 people, with a sampling technique using total sampling. Processing the data through the editing stage, coding, entry, and cleaning. Results were analyzed using univariate and bivariate chi square test with 95% confidence level α = 0.05.
 Based on the results, the application of the principle of six true in poor drug delivery (51.9%), while good (48.1%), 53.8% lower nurse's knowledge, while the less well supervised as much as 53.8%. There is a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.000) and supervision (0.027) with the correct application of the six principles in drug delivery.To perform an increase in drug administration services, health services should provide training and refresher on the principle of six correct drug administration. This can be done by organizing seminars / symposia and training regarding the professionalism of the administration of drugs and increase overall service.

Digital Transformation: Exploring big data Governance in Public Administration

As economies become increasingly data-driven, big data technologies and software products are turning into key tools for managing technological processes in real time for more efficient delivery of public services to citizens. The change in the interaction between the state and society implies the creation of a unified state digital ecosystem, centered around big data. Such paradigm calls for rethinking of public administration principles ensuring the transition from an electronic state to a digital one. As a result, the likelihood of creating values ​​that meet the shifting expectations of citizens in relation to public services increases.

Antithrombotic therapy and digestive endoscopy.

Antithrombotic therapy and digestive endoscopy Antithrombotic therapy comprises anticoagulation and antiplatelet treatment. The number of patients treated with various forms of antithrombotic therapy is growing. Procedures of digestive endoscopy are very frequently indicated by general practitioners and doctors of various specialisations. Interdisciplinary cooperation and mutual understanding are required in order for digestive endoscopy to be effective and safe. Hence, we present an overview based on recent European, British (1), and North American guidelines (2) for endoscopic procedures, with respect to guidelines for perioperative care in general (3). Antithrombotic therapy management in patients undergoing digestive endoscopy procedures is based on individual consideration of postprocedural bleeding (particularly a delayed one) on one hand, and thromboembolic risk on the other hand, ideally in cooperation with the physician prescribing antithrombotic therapy. Despite all efforts, patients taking antithrombotic medication are at a higher risk of postprocedural bleeding in comparison with those without this risk; this fact should be accepted by attending physicians and patients should be informed of it. Postprocedural bleeding is mostly manageable with a subsequent endoscopic procedure. By contrast, cerebral and cardiovascular thromboembolic complications are often life-threatening and not uncommonly disabling. One should always consider postponing an elective procedure in a patient with temporary antithrombotic therapy (after pulmonary embolism or after coronary stent insertion). Basic principles of administration of antithrombotic therapy in the context of an endoscopic procedure are described in Table 1. Digestive endoscopy procedures can be categorized according to postprocedural bleeding risk (Table 2). Postprocedural bleeding risk can be specifically reduced in some procedures (ERCP with papillary balloon dilation instead of sphincterotomy, mechanical securing of polypectomy base, etc.). Acetylsalicylic acid administered as secondary prevention (primary preventive indications are very narrow nowadays) should not be discontinued perioperatively (discontinuation is associated with an approximately threefold increase in thrombotic complications!). The riskiest procedures are the only exception in which discontinuation is explicitly requested by the digestive endoscopist. Reduction of dual antiplatelet therapy is better abandoned in high-risk patients - particularly those with recently implanted coronary stents (Table 3) - and postponement of an elective procedure should always be considered. Bridging of warfarin with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is not indicated routinely (in some cases, this practice increases the bleeding risk). Bridging with LMWH is appropriate in patients with high (or moderate) thromboembolic risk (Table 5). Furthermore, LMWH therapy carries specific risks, particularly in patients with renal function impairment (Table 4). In patients with a high thromboembolic risk, a statement of the physician indicating anticoagulation is always appropriate before an elective procedure (Table 6). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) should not be administered on the day of the procedure, not even in one with a low risk (e.g., biopsy); a longer withdrawal is recommended in high-risk procedures (this cessation should not be bridged with LMWH given the rapid onset and elimination half-time) (Table 7). Recommencement of antithrombotic therapy after a high-risk endoscopic procedure should always be determined by the endoscopist and the recommended intervals should be considered minimal: 1-2 days after the procedure in the case of P2Y12 inhibitors; 2-3 days after the procedure in the case of DOACs; in the evening of the day of the procedure for warfarin with a maintenance (not saturation) dose; and 48 hours after the procedure in the case of LMWH at a therapeutic dose. Earlier administration of a lower-than-therapeutic dose of LMWH (twice a day per weight) can be considered in this context: prophylactic (once a day) or higher prophylactic (once a day per weight) doses. In general, a full anticoagulation effect should not be achieved earlier than approximately 48 hours after the procedure. The patient should be properly informed of the course of antithrombotic therapy before and after the endoscopic procedure, including a written form (a calendar can be downloaded online for this purpose).

CONCERNING PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEST OF ITS EUROPEANIZATION

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in the process of scientific development of the public administration problems in Ukraine, it is necessary to focus on its Europeanization. The purpose of the article is to propose a vision of the system of principles of public administration in Ukraine in the context of its Europeanization. Systematic, complex and historical approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis were used to reach this goal. The conclusion is made that the system of principles of public administration in Ukraine, focused on its Europeanization, includes the principles of: supremacy of law; hierarchical supremacy of the law; being based on law; patriotism; prohibition of over-formalism; responsibility for adopted administrative acts; possibility of cancellation (or revocation) of an illegal administrative act; use of authority for the proper purpose; reasonableness; impartiality; conscientiousness; prudence; proportionality; participation in decision-making and proper response; timeliness; transparency; efficiency and effectiveness; accountability; mutual responsibility of subjects of public administration and objects of public administration; humanism and justice in the relations between subjects of public administration and objects of public governance; virtue and ethical behaviour; competence in the field of public administration; the ability of the subjects of public administration; cultural diversity; cooperation in the sphere of public administration; sustainability and long-term orientation in public administration; innovation and ever-changing; science; system and complexity; effectiveness; self-sufficiency (to solve problems); limitation of public administration by self-organization of civil society; entropy savings; the smallest action; territoriality; meritoriousness; objectivity; functionality; official cooperation; subsidiarity; "single window"; priority of state policy; social justice; compliance; combination of state and local interests; adaptability; creativity; feedback; procedural justice; rational minimization of the number of documents and procedural actions required for obtaining administrative services; democracy; centralism on a democratic basis; reasonable management of financial support of public administration. Key words: public administration, public authority, administrative law, principles.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF ACTIVITY OF PRETRIAL INVESTIGATION BODIES

The article reveals the essence of the organizational and legal basis of the activity of pretrial investigation bodies. The scientific conclusions regarding the organizational and legal basis of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies were analyzed. The main areas of research of scientists who at various stages were engaged in the study of problems related to the general characteristics of the organizational and legal foundations of pre-trial investigation bodies were studied. It is substantiated that the organizational and legal principles of the activities of pretrial investigation bodies determine the dynamics of the implementation of the goals of these bodies through a system of actions, operations that change, develop and improve, thanks to which the goals and the tasks and functions of the pretrial investigation bodies are manifested. The organizational and legal principles of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies are characterized by continuity, cyclicality, carried out simultaneously in different directions. The analysis of the content of the organizational side of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies shows that the organizational and legal basis of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies is the activity of subjects united in a certain organizational structure (pre-trial investigation bodies and their employees), which is aimed at solving practical problems and achieving the goals set before the system of pre-trial investigation bodies by implementing the necessary types of activities based on the defined principles of administration, with the use of appropriate administration methods. It is emphasized that the study of the organizational and legal foundations of the activity of pretrial investigation bodies allows to determine the optimal ways of development and modernization of the law enforcement sphere to European standards. Attention is focused on the fact that in the current military state of the state, the issues of ensuring the proper organization of the activities of pre-trial investigation bodies, the implementation of the state security policy, the creation of legal and organizational mechanisms of public-private partnership regarding the above-mentioned issue by stimulating and involving the nonstate sector in solving law enforcement problems, regulating at the legislative level all forms of public-private partnership in the law enforcement sphere. Key words: investigators of the National Police, security agencies, the State Bureau of Investigation, detectives of the Bureau of Economic Security.

Multicultural Based Inclusive Islamic Education Model in Schools

This study aims to analyze the multicultural-based inclusive Islamic education model conducted at an educational institution in Probolinggo Regency, East Java. This research method is a case study type qualitative research. Informants in this study consisted of school principals, vice principals, and teachers. The results show that the multicultural-based inclusive Islamic education model applies; first, the Islamic Education Curriculum is oriented towards Inclusive-Multicultural education to internalize multicultural education so that an awareness of maintaining social cohesiveness is born and sharpening self, social and cultural wisdom. Second, the Epistemological Transformation Paradigm of National Education can be applied and conforms to the principles of national education administration. Based on the research results, strengthening multicultural-based inclusive Islamic education can be implemented at all levels of educational institutions.

Administrative principles of adaptive security policy of public–private support of innovative business in the conditions of globalization

Administrative principles of adaptive security policy of public–private support of innovative business in the conditions of globalization

ON GUARANTEES OF PREVENTING THE USE OF THE INSTITUTION OF PUBLIC CONTROL IN ORDER TO UNDERMINE NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE DEFENSE CAPABILITY OF THE STATE: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS

This article is devoted to the constitutional and legal analysis of guarantees against the use of the institution of public control in order to undermine national security and the defense capability of the state. The article analyzes the role and importance of democratic principles in the formation and functioning of the apparatus of public power in the process of strengthening national security and defense capability of the Russian Federation as a condition for ensuring the preservation and development of national society and the state and countering any external and internal threats to these processes. The author substantiates the position according to which the institution of public control, despite the fact that it is the most important legal guarantee for the implementation, protection and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of Russian citizens in the management of state affairs, can be used by both external and internal opponents of increasing democratic principles in public administration, as an instrument of destructive pressure on the apparatus the public authorities in the country in order to destabilize it, destroy the key principles of organization and activity. In this regard, the article formalizes and substantiates a system of recommendations and proposals for optimizing the system of guarantees, through which the risks of using the institute of public control in violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of its citizens in order to undermine national security and the defense capability of the state will be minimized.

Sound Governance dan Gerakan Antikorupsi

The current rampant practice of corruption with various modus operandi has caused the Government to make efforts to prevent and eradicate it by issuing Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes through the concept of sound governance. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The type of data used in this study is qualitative data, which is categorized into two types, namely primary data and secondary data. Sources of data obtained through library research techniques which refers to sources available both online and offline. The results of the study concluded that sound governance as a preventive instrument against acts of corruption, the concept of sound governance can be used as an indicator of testing an action by government officials. Efforts to prevent acts of maladministration must be carried out using sound governance principles in an effort to eradicate corruption by government administration. The abuse of authority is an act of maladministration caused by actions that are not based on the principle of good administration in the form of the principle of prohibition of acting arbitrarily, the principle of justice, the principle of legal certainty, the principle of trust, the principle of equality, the principle of proportionality, the principle of prudence caution and considerations. Based on the eight principles of sound governance, the government apparatus will perform the duties and functions of government by always paying attention to these principles to become an effort to eradicate corrupt.

Bureaucracy Reform In The Body of The Indonesian National Police (Applying The Principle of Professionality

State administrators have a very important role in realizing a clean and free country from corruption, collusion, and nepotism. State administrators must work hard and cooperate with the community. This is in accordance with the ideals of the nation's struggle to create a just and prosperous society as stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. principles of state administration. State administrators in this case the National Police as a state instrument that has a role in maintaining public security and order, enforcing the law, and providing protection, protection, service, and a good example to the community. Demands for the professionalism of the Police are now being intensively voiced by the public. This community demand is to reform the police bureaucracy.