Principles Of Acquisition Research Articles

Enhancing skill acquisition knowledge and practice design in elite level swimming: Effects of a six-week online coach education intervention

In response to calls for examples from sports settings that highlight successful collaborations between skill acquisition specialists and coaches, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a skill acquisition coach education intervention. After an analysis of practice by a skill acquisition specialist, which provided context to impact learning design, two senior coaches from British Para Swimming with no prior knowledge of skill acquisition principles were observed and interviewed. The intervention harnessed coach experiential knowledge by emphasising development in understanding of theory underpinning three key principles of skill acquisition (i) implicit learning, (ii), focus of attention, and (iii) contextual interference, and encouraging informal and experiential learning between sessions. Following the intervention, coaches had adapted their approach to practice design to incorporate theory-informed techniques. Coach observations and interviews highlighted a range of novel findings in skill acquisition. First, outcomes indicated the use of implicit learning techniques in the form of analogy or metaphor cues can facilitate learning for athletes with intellectual disabilities. Second, coaches reported the learning benefits of utilising external and holistic focus cues in the elite athlete setting. Finally, through an increased understanding of the learning-performance distinction, coaches described the benefits of incorporating contextual interference, which emphasised temporal spacing between learning events. The coaches’ interpretation and implementation of skill acquisition theory are discussed with reference to potential avenues of exploration in future research.

Enhancing Language Acquisition in Children from Lower Socioeconomic Backgrounds: The Role of Parental Involvement

Abstract: Early language acquisition is fundamental to a childs future academic success. The development of vocabulary and oral storytelling skills at a young age serves as a strong foundation for later achievements in overall literacy. Disparities in language abilities become apparent by kindergarten and tend to persist throughout a childs educational journey. Therefore, prioritizing early language development is crucial to ensuring that all children could reach their full potential. This literature review examines three effective interventions - the 3Ts Home Visiting Curriculum, Too Small to Fail, and the STELLA curriculum - designed to improve language acquisition and development in children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. It provides brief descriptions of each intervention, analyzes the underlying psychological principles of language acquisition and development, and considers the implications of these global approaches. Parental involvement is crucial in creating and sustaining the success of these programs. Future directions to enhance the effectiveness, accessibility, and inclusivity of language development interventions for targeted children are explored.

Methodology of legal research in the security field

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in the context of armed aggression against Ukraine, the most scientifically relevant issues are those related to the security and defense sector, and the development of effective practical recommendations in this area is impossible without proper theoretical substantiation. The purpose of the study was to determine certain aspects of the use of methodological tools in conducting legal research in this area. To achieve its purpose and objectives, the author used general scientific and special research methods. The main results of the study are the argumentation of the position that at the present stage, the most reliable and objective legal knowledge should be considered that which involves the use of special methods, techniques and compliance with the principles of knowledge acquisition. Today, the system of legal sciences is gradually developing its own methodology based on the general scientific principles of knowledge; legal science forms it in close connection with and in accordance with the subject matter of research, reflecting the peculiarities of the object of study and its specifics. The security and defense sector, in turn, also requires a separate scientific approach and research tools, since the activities of the State in this sector, which are its exclusive prerogative, involve ensuring the sovereignty of the State, its independence in the international arena, and protection of the population on its territory. The conclusions of the study are that the system of legal sciences in Ukraine is gradually developing its own methodology in accordance with the peculiarities of the object under study and the area in which it realizes its tasks. The research is devoted to the study of an issue which is of topical importance both for the practical activities of state bodies performing functions in the security and defense sector and for further scientific research.

EMPIRICAL STUDY OF LAND ACQUISITION IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: ACHIEVING EQUILIBRIUM ON COMPETING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS

The right to own property is an intrinsic human right that grants ownership and enjoyment to owners. The property right, however,is not absolute because it is subject to the state’s authority to compulsorily acquire land that is in private hands, which is referredto as land acquisition. Land acquisition refers to the power granted to the state government to obtain privately owned land for a publicpurpose, in exchange for fair compensation (Keith et al., 2008). Land acquisition is an essential strategy for the state to address the limited availability of land when it is necessary to create railways, airports, or any other infrastructure for the benefit of the public (Jonathan, 2012). Nevertheless, the process of acquiring land is a lengthy procedure that has a significant influence on the local community. This is because it involves conflicting interests between the government that is seemingly acting on behalf of the general public, and the very public who are affected by the acquisition itself. Therefore, the land acquisition system is supposed to be designed as a method of reconciling these conflicting interests. Despite this ideal purpose, numerous countries, particularly in emerging nations like Malaysia, face challenges in achieving a harmonious equilibrium between the conflicting public and private interests. These challenges arise from inadequate legislative safeguards and a conventional hierarchical approach adopted by the government branches of the state (Ghimire et al., 2017). The public aspect is usually legally defined, but private perspectives may not always be apparent. In order to achieve the right balance between conflicting public and private interests, this study aims to examine the perspectives of the individuals, i.e., the landowners who are directly affected by the land acquisition. This study examines their perceptions and attitudes towards the whole process and procedures of the land acquisition to which they were subjected, as well as their corresponding responses and willingness to make sacrifices in pursuit of the higher objectives of the state. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire survey has been used as the methodology of collecting data from the landowners and the results are presented using descriptive analysis. The outcome demonstrated that whenever the state exercises the power of land acquisition, the balance tends to side with the interest of the public rather than the private interests of the affected individuals, both in law and in practice. In addition, Malaysia became a member of the United Nations on 17 September 1957. Hence, it is crucial to examine the principles of compulsory land acquisition as delineated by the United Nations study (Keith et al., 2008). The final section of this article provides an analysis of the findings and then make recommendations by referring to Australia’s best practices for adoption in Peninsular Malaysia. The methodologies employed in this study are the data collection method and comparative legal analysis.

Factors Affecting Second Language Learning Among Students

English is used in many countries all over the world and is termed as the international language. English is mandatory throughout the system from primary up to middle, secondary and higher secondary classes in Pakistan. Also, it acts as a first language and a foreign language. To the students, English is regarded as a vital means of achievement. Nonetheless, many students face some problems at the school and college levels, which results to poor understanding of different lessons since these are taught in English. The study presentation in this paper is informed by the following objectives: It is an empirical research and based on interview to study the problems of students in Government Girls Fatima Jinnah Higher Secondary School Nawabshah. By refinement of the target subjects, the study aims at gathering data from secondary level students only. The article provides some prescriptions and suggestions for enhancing second language acquisition. Considering the principles of L2 acquisition we have to take into account the motivation, attitude, age, intelligence, aptitude, cognitive style, personality; all these parameters influence the language learning process.

AI Powered Contactless Fingerprint Recognition

This comprehensive review delves into the realm of AI-powered contactless fingerprint recognition. We trace its evolution from traditional methods to modern contactless approaches, highlighting the pivotal role of AI and machine learning. Key topics include the principles of contactless fingerprint data acquisition, challenges like environmental variations, and privacy concerns. We examine the state-of-the-art AI techniques such as deep learning and convolutional neural networks, showcasing how they enhance accuracy and robustness in contactless fingerprint recognition. The paper also explores diverse applications, spanning security, access control, and healthcare, while addressing societal impacts and ethical considerations. Furthermore, we provide insights into ongoing research and future prospects, including potential improvements, emerging trends, and multi-modal authentication possibilities. This concise review serves as an essential resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in the intersection of AI and biometric authentication technologies. Keywords: - AI-powered, Contactless fingerprint recognition, Biometrics, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Data acquisition, Deep learning, Convolutional neural networks

‘A man’s gift will make room for him’: sources of wealth and legitimacy in charismatic Christianity in Ghana

ABSTRACT The moral practices and principles of accumulating and (re)distributing wealth in charismatic Christianity in Africa are controversial and contested. In Ghana, rich charismatic pastors are perceived as dubious figures and the legitimacy of their wealth is questionable. At the same time, a pastor’s wealth is a sign of his or her spiritual and charismatic gifts. In this article, I discuss the ways in which Ghanaian charismatic pastors, church members and the broader public understand different forms and shifting principles of wealth acquisition and (re)distribution within the religious field. The article highlights the dynamic and fluid nature of distinctions such as legitimate and illegitimate and argues that a moral economy approach is apt for capturing these tensions. Moreover, it is important to include religion and sources of spiritual power in the analysis of moral economies as these are crucial parts of social life and moral values in many African societies.

Unveiling students test strategizing through the lens of Monitor Theory: Teaching insights

This paper explores the integration of Monitor Theory into the design and implementation of Test-Taking Strategy (TTS) instruction tasks. It critically analyzes the landscape of language test-taking strategies, addressing key issues such as the advisability of explicit teaching, methods for identification, and the impact of less beneficial strategies. Advocating for the teaching of test-taking strategies, the paper recommends the Monitor Theory as an optimal model for pedagogical integration. The exploration aims to provide valuable insights for refining language assessment practices, ensuring alignment with the principles of language acquisition. The content-independent nature of these strategies maintains test validity, offering students opportunities for more comprehensible input and enhancing critical thinking. It proposes a model that emphasizes natural language use, acquisition through natural inference, and feedback mechanisms to enhance language learning and test performance. Practical strategies such as interactive test reviews, critical thinking tasks, and real-world applications are suggested to optimize TTS instruction. By linking test-taking strategies with the acquisition-learning hypothesis, this paper offers a comprehensive approach to optimizing language assessment practices and promoting holistic language development. The discussion underscores the importance of authentic learning experiences, learner autonomy, and comprehensive coaching interventions in fostering genuine understanding and proficiency in language assessment contexts.

Using a coproduced educational workshop to change the focus of verbal instructions delivered by professional youth soccer coaches: a case study

ABSTRACT Background The predominant instructional method utilised by soccer coaches are verbal instructions that occur whilst (during) players are executing soccer-skill. However, little is known on the specificity of the information contained within. These verbal instructions can guide the learner to either the performance characteristics of a movement (internal focus) or the intended movement effects (external), with the latter known to facilitate superior motor performance, retention, and transfer. Purpose The aims in the present study were to quantify the focus of concurrent verbal instructions utilised by professional youth soccer coaches during drill-based (i.e. isolated) practice activities, and to modulate how these instructions are delivered in coaching sessions following the engagement in a coproduced evidence-based educational workshop. Method Systematic observation was used pre and post the workshop to quantify the nature of verbal instructions delivered by 5 male coaches (31–47 years of age with 4–24 years of coaching experience) across 34 sessions with players from 8 to 13 years of age. For instructions provided during (concurrent) action-execution, we further quantified whether these instructions were focused on motor performance characteristics (internal) or the intended movement outcome effects (external) using criteria outlined in the revised Arizona State University Observation Instrument. To facilitate behaviour change, all coaches engaged in an educational workshop led by skill acquisition specialists (SAS). The workshop was designed so that educational material related to the principles of skill acquisition, and motor control and learning, were presented using a pedagogical delivery method containing verbal information, data presented in illustrations, and videos. In addition, the results that quantified coaching behaviour during the pre-workshop systematic observation period were presented to coaches as quantitative feedback. To guide the coaches to appraise the quantitative feedback in relation to the delivered educational material, the SAS built an educational environment that encouraged discussion opportunities for coaches to compare and appraise feedback with other coaches and process the feedback in relation to data and concepts regarding skill acquisition. Results and findings The pre-workshop systematic observation data indicated that coaches delivered significantly more (64%) verbal instructions whilst (concurrently) players were executing motor skills, compared to before (15%) or after (21%). Within concurrent feedback, coaches used instructions that had a more internal, compared to external focus of attention. Post-workshop data indicated the coaches significantly changed the utilisation of instructions using a greater proportion of external focus. The data confirms coaches deliver a greater proportion of concurrent verbal instructions during coaching sessions focused training drill-based activities, but engaging in an educational workshop coaches modulated the focus of these instructions from internal to external, indicating behaviour change and an opportunity to facilitate skill acquisition in soccer academy players.

Deep Learning-based Image Enhancement Techniques for Fast MRI in Neuroimaging.

Despite its superior soft tissue contrast and non-invasive nature, MRI requires long scan times due to its intrinsic signal acquisition principles, a main drawback which technological advancements in MRI have been focused on. In particular, scan time reduction is a natural requirement in neuroimaging due to detailed structures requiring high resolution imaging and often volumetric (3D) acquisitions, and numerous studies have recently attempted to harness deep learning (DL) technology in enabling scan time reduction and image quality improvement. Various DL-based image reconstruction products allow for additional scan time reduction on top of existing accelerated acquisition methods without compromising the image quality.

Principles of belief acquisition. How we read other minds

Reading other minds is a pervasive feature of human social life. A decade of research indicates that people can automatically track an agent’s beliefs regardless of whether this is required. But little is known about the principles t guide automatic belief tracking. In six experiments adapting a false belief task introduced by Kovács et al. (2010), we tested whether belief tracking is interrupted by either an agent’s lack of perceptual access or else by an agent’s constrained action possibilities. We also tested whether such manipulations create interruptions when participants were instructed to track beliefs. Our main finding: the agent’s lack of perceptual access did not interrupt belief tracking when participants were not instructed to track beliefs. Overall, our findings raise a challenge: some of the phenomena that have been labelled mindreading are perhaps not mindreading at all, or—more likely—they are mindreading but not as we know it.

High-density analysis of surface wave profile imaging based on a multiple coverage common-midpoint signal-couple array

Surface wave exploration technology has been extensively used in the inspection of construction engineering quality and shallow surface surveys. To enhance the efficiency of surface wave exploration field acquisition and achieve high-precision and high-density surface wave profile imaging, a wireless distributed seismic surface wave signal acquisition system has been developed based on the principles of active source transient surface wave signal acquisition and dispersion curve calculation methods. For the purpose of achieving rapid multiple coverage signal acquisition and enhancing fieldwork efficiency, a method for rapidly configuring common-midpoint signal couples (CMCs) for multiple coverage common-shot signal acquisition has been devised, and a high-precision visualization method for dispersion curve calculation based on the CMC array has been formulated. When compared with the multichannel analysis of the surface wave method under identical conditions, the CMC array can effectively enhance surface wave dispersion curve survey station density and lateral resolution, thereby enabling high-density analysis of surface wave profile imaging. Through model analysis and field examples related to construction quality detection, including foundation compactness and earth and rock mixture compactness, it has been demonstrated that this method offers significant advantages in terms of high accuracy, high density, and a wide application range. These advantages greatly enhance the efficiency of surface wave exploration and the accuracy of profile imaging for the construction of engineering projects.

Modal adaptive super-resolution for medical images via continual learning

Details related to tiny abnormal pathologies and textures are crucial for clinical experts and computer-aided diagnosis in medical imaging. Super-resolving medical images provide significant support for disease diagnosis. However, due to differences and diversity in tissue appearance or spatial resolution of images caused by the acquisition principles or parameters in various imaging techniques, it limits their applications in multi-modal medical imaging. To this end, we propose a multi-modal adaptive super-resolution algorithm for reconstructing medical images, named MAda-SR, which improves the traditional Adam optimizer into an adaptive optimizer in terms of parameter updates and optimization strategies. Additionally, we enhance the MSE loss by adjusting its weight space, thereby increasing the transfer potential between multimodal tasks and enabling more extended continual learning. With extensive experimental validation, we demonstrate that a single super-resolution model can handle various modalities of medical datasets without compromising performance. The results indicate that our proposed MAda-SR outperforms comparative methods in terms of controlling forgetting and relearning metrics, achieving both stability and plasticity. The source code is available at https://github.com/wuzheng2022/MAda-SR.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Study in the mpMRI of the Prostate-Unnecessary or Underutilised? A Narrative Review.

The aim of this review is to summarise recent scientific literature regarding the clinical use of DCE-MRI as a component of multiparametric resonance imaging of the prostate. This review presents the principles of DCE-MRI acquisition and analysis, the current role of DCE-MRI in clinical practice with special regard to its role in presently available categorisation systems, and an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of DCE-MRI described in the current literature. DCE-MRI is an important functional sequence that requires intravenous administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent and gives information regarding the vascularity and capillary permeability of the lesion. Although numerous studies have confirmed that DCE-MRI has great potential in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer, its role is still inadequate in the PI-RADS categorisation. Moreover, there have been numerous scientific discussions about abandoning the intravenous application of gadolinium-based contrast as a routine part of MRI examination of the prostate. In this review, we summarised the recent literature on the advantages and disadvantages of DCE-MRI, focusing on an overview of currently available data on bpMRI and mpMRI, as well as on studies providing information on the potential better usability of DCE-MRI in improving the sensitivity and specificity of mpMRI examinations of the prostate.

Life Skills Training: A Theoretical Proposal and Future Challenges

<p style="text-align: justify;">Life skills are personal resources that can be trained and applied in a specific situation and transferred to other contexts. The growing body of research has shown that intervention programs produce positive results in learning and transferring life skills. Nonetheless, there is a need to clarify the efficacy of life skills training, namely the theoretical background of life skills interventions and how to organize the intervention programs. This paper attempts to overcome these gaps of literature by providing a conceptualization of life skills into two axes: typology (cognitive to physical continuum) and function (personal and interpersonal). Also, it is presented a theoretical model of life skills training that establishes the stages and principles of life skills acquisition, the variables that influence training, and the measures and hypotheses that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of life skills training. In sum, we clarify the actual challenges of life skills training and provide indications on how to apply and evaluate the efficacy of the intervention.</p>

Research on practical teaching of Ideology and politics in higher education institutions based on VR technology in the information age

Abstract The application of VR technology to the teaching of college Ideology and politics classes not only brings new opportunities for college education innovation but also innovates the Ideology and politics teaching mode. This paper first introduces the principle of image acquisition and the presentation of virtual reality technology. After determining the parameters of left and right viewpoints, the scene images are acquired through graphic rendering technology, and then the final synthesis of left and right images is carried out. Then the determination of the comfort zone of the stereo display is introduced, using the correspondence between stereo depth and γ to determine the comfort zone. Finally, the effect of virtual reality devices in practical teaching of Ideology and politics is analyzed in terms of student performance, students’ perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and classroom acceptance of VR devices. Regarding perceived usefulness, 41% of students strongly agreed, and 30% agreed with the question, “I think the technology provides a better virtual learning scene”. The integration of VR technology into the practical teaching of Ideology and politics in higher education institutions has broken through the traditional teaching mode of Ideology and politics in higher education and improved the experience of Ideology and politics in higher education.

THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING METHODOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EDUCATIONAL STANDARD (USING THE EXAMPLE OF A GENERAL BIOLOGY COURSE)

The article reveals the essence of project-based learning through the allocation of the basic principle of its definition – the principle of independent acquisition of knowledge by students in the course of solving subject practical problems using various subject knowledge (including integrated). On its basis, the substantiation of the component composition of the methodology of project training at the level of general education is presented. The relevance of the research lies in the possibility of its implementation in the educational process to achieve the planned results of the federal state educational standard in the form of subject and meta-subject (UUD) competencies formed by students. On the example of the general biology course, the effectiveness of the implementation of the component composition of the project training methodology is shown. Its justification is based on the presented results of experimental work.
 Purpose: substantiation of the component composition of the project training methodology in the form of a system of goals, content, principles, approaches, methods, didactic tools, diagnostics and monitoring of the levels of subject and metasubject competencies formed in students.
 Methodology: the article presents a set of theoretical and empirical methods of pedagogical research used in the identification, justification and implementation of the component composition of the methodology of project-based learning in the practice of teaching.
 Results: improving the effectiveness of the educational process in the formation of subject and meta-subject (UUD) competencies of students in the federal state educational standard by applying the component composition of the project-based learning methodology.
 Practical implications: the results of the study can be used by subject teachers in the implementation of the required educational results according to the federal state educational standard and taken into account in the development of educational programs at the school level by administrative and managerial personnel.

Structural parameter identification using physics-informed neural networks

A parameter identification framework has been developed based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). Physical constraints are taken into account during the training process of a PINN, creating a grey-box running mechanism. Two information acquisition principles are proposed for training data sets and physical constraints. Specifically, finite element computation is incorporated with the uniform design to generate the minimum number of training data for PINNs. Then multivariate nonlinear regression is applied to the training data to establish the physical constraints, which are used as a rule model added to the loss function for training evaluation. This step guides the training process towards a physically or mechanically consistent solution, instead of a pure data association. Thereby the training of PINNs involves the physical governing laws, leading to a physics-informed data-driven approach. Finally, the proposed PINNs were used to identify the stiffness parameters of a laboratory-scale frame model and an actual frame structure.

Teaching and Learning English in the Degree in Infant Education: A Proposal for a Content-Enhanced Syllabus Model

This paper presents a proposal for a content-enhanced syllabus model aimed at teaching and learning English in the Degree in Infant Education. The proposal addresses the challenge of providing meaningful learning opportunities to develop the linguistic and communicative competence of the learners. It acknowledges the limitations of the general needs approach commonly used in coursebook-driven English Language Teaching (ELT) within this specific context. Instead, the proposal considers the future professional needs of the learners. Thus, the main goals of the proposal are to develop the learners' learning-to-learn competence, focusing on learning strategies and self-directed learning resources, while fostering their language awareness, particularly in terms of pronunciation and form-meaning mappings. Additionally, the proposal incorporates a lexical, discourse-based approach that emphasizes the importance of multi-word units in language structure, second language learning, and language use. It prioritizes practices like noticing and cognitive engagement, supported by thinking routines, as well as exposure to relevant and rich input. In this way, the proposed content-enhanced syllabus translates into an instructional design based on validated principles of Second Language Acquisition. It revolves around meaning-focused language tasks, functional activities, and the utilization of authentic multimodal materials. This type of syllabus requires active participation from the learners, encouraging them to take an active role in their own learning process. By implementing this proposal, it is hoped that learners will enhance their linguistic and communicative competence, as well as their ability to learn effectively.

Leveraging AI tools to develop the writer rather than the writing

Scientific writing can prove challenging, particularly for those who are non-native English speakers writing in English. Here, we explore the potential of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) tools, guided by principles of second-language acquisition, to help scientists improve their scientific writing skills in numerous contexts.