Principles Of Treatment Research Articles

Boosting thermoelectric performance of single-walled carbon nanotubes-based films through rational triple treatments

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-based thermoelectric materials, valued for their flexibility, lightweight, and cost-effectiveness, show promise for wearable thermoelectric devices. However, their thermoelectric performance requires significant enhancement for practical applications. To achieve this goal, in this work, we introduce rational “triple treatments” to improve the overall performance of flexible SWCNT-based films, achieving a high power factor of 20.29 µW cm−1 K−2 at room temperature. Ultrasonic dispersion enhances the conductivity, NaBH4 treatment reduces defects and enhances the Seebeck coefficient, and cold pressing significantly densifies the SWCNT films while preserving the high Seebeck coefficient. Also, bending tests confirm structural stability and exceptional flexibility, and a six-legged flexible device demonstrates a maximum power density of 2996 μW cm−2 at a 40 K temperature difference, showing great application potential. This advancement positions SWCNT films as promising flexible thermoelectric materials, providing insights into high-performance carbon-based thermoelectrics.

Perceptions and Controversies on Cholera in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Field in the Late Qing Dynasty

Abstract At the beginning of the initial cholera outbreak in China, Wang Qingren (王清任), after years of clinical trials, became an early representative who discovered the infectious characteristics and observed the course of cholera in the field of traditional Chinesse medicine (TCM). Kou Langao (寇兰皋) and Xu Zimo (徐子默), both medical practitioners, constructed a diagnosis and treatment system for cholera with cold patterns under the theory of typhoid. They represented “School of Cholera with Cold Patterns” (SCCP). In the 1860s, with the influence of Wang Shixiong’s (王士雄) studies on the nature of cholera under the theory of epidemic febrile disease, the “School of Cholera with Heated Patterns” (SCHP) prevailed thereafter. The two schools complemented each other in theories and contributed to the integrity of TCM in cholera diagnosis and treatment. By reviewing previous literature, books, clinical cases, and historical materials in medical field, this article aims 1) to summarise the influence of TCM on the cognitive development towards cholera in the late Qing dynasty; 2) to explore the origin of the controversy between SCCP and SCHP from historical evidence; 3) to summarize the historical lessons from the debate over cholera in TCM based on the principle of treatment based on pattern identification, and offer suggestions for the current prevention and treatment of new diseases using TCM.

Mutations in the NUP93, NUP107 and NUP160 genes cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in Chinese children

BackgroundThe variants of nucleoporins are extremely rare in hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Most of the patients carrying such variants progress to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in their childhood. More clinical and genetic data from these patients are needed to characterize their genotype–phenotype relationships and elucidate the role of nucleoporins in SRNS.MethodsFour patients of SRNS carrying biallelic variants in the NUP93, NUP107 and NUP160 genes were presented. The clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of these patients were summarized, and relevant literature was reviewed.ResultsAll four patients in this study were female and initially presented with SRNS. The median age at the onset of the disease was 5.08 years, ranging from 1 to 10.5 years. Among the four patients, three progressed to ESKD at a median age of 7 years, ranging from 1.5 to 10.5 years, while one patient reached stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD3). Kidney biopsies revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in three patients. Biallelic variants were detected in NUP93 in one patient, NUP107 in two patients, as well as NUP160 in one patient respectively. Among these variants, five yielded single amino acid substitutions, one led to nonsense mutation causing premature termination of NUP107 translation, one caused a single nucleotide deletion resulting in frameshift and truncation of NUP107. Furthermore, one splicing donor mutation was observed in NUP160. None of these variants had been reported previously.ConclusionThis report indicates that biallelic variants in NUP93, NUP107 and NUP160 can cause severe early-onset SRNS, which rapidly progresses to ESKD. Moreover, these findings expand the spectrum of phenotypes and genotypes and highlight the importance of next-generation sequencing in elucidating the molecular basis of SRNS and allowing rational treatment for affected individuals.

Application of 5C Principles in Fintech Financing Agreements Reviewed according to Indonesian Positive Law

This research aims to analyze form of regulation of the 5C principles in Fintech financing according to applicable positive law. To analyze the form of legal protection for customers who carry out fintech financing. By using normative legal research methods. Research results The form of regulation of the 5C principles in Fintech financing according to applicable positive law is contained in various regulations consisting of Article 29 paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of Law no. 10 of 1998, Article 26 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law, Bank Indonesia Regulation no. 13/25/PBI/2011 concerning Prudential Principles for Commercial Banks, Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 14/2/PBI/2012 concerning the Implementation of Card Payment Instruments, Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 19/12/PBI/2017 concerning the Implementation of Financial Technology, Financial Services Authority Regulation no. 77/POJK.01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Lending and Borrowing Services, and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 37/POJK.04/2018 concerning Crowdfunding Services Through Information Technology-Based Share Offerings ( Equity Crowdfunding) . Forms of legal protection for customers who carry out fintech financing. There are two forms of legal protection, namely preventive legal protection consisting of legal protection for users of fintech services, especially online lending and borrowing. Before a dispute occurs, preventive measures can be taken by the lending and borrowing service providers. online based. The organizer's efforts before a dispute occurs are to apply the basic principles of legal protection for service users. These principles are regulated in Article 29 POJK Number 77/POJK.01/2016 concerning Online Money Lending and Borrowing Services, including the principles of transparency, fair treatment, reliability, success and data security, and simple, fast, user dispute resolution. and affordable costs and means of repressive legal protection, to resolve disputes that have occurred. This legal protection can only be implemented after a dispute arises, such as administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions if there is negligence committed by the Fintech institution. Disputes in online money lending and borrowing services can occur between users and other users or between users and service providers.

Modern Principles of Treatment of Purulent Wounds of Soft Tissue (Literature Review)

Discusses the treatment of purulent wounds in experimental and clinical surgery. Traditional methods of treatment often turn out to be ineffective and there is a need to improve them and develop new methods and means. Today there are many methods to improve the results of treatment of purulent wounds, but none of the methods completely satisfies surgeons and the very fact of the numerous proposed methods indicates their insufficient effectiveness and the lack of a common point of view on this problem. The main thing in the treatment of purulent processes is the timely and wide opening of ulcers and their subsequent rational drainage, which helps reduce the absorption of decay products of microbes and tissues, toxins, limit the process and speedy rejection of necrotic tissue. In the general structure of surgical diseases, surgical infection is observed in 35-45% of patients. This is due to the increasing number of patients with purulent wounds and the difficulty in choosing treatment tactics.

Management of Amenorrhoea (Ihtibas-al-Tamth) in Unani System of Medicine: A Review

Menstrual patterns can be an indicator of overall health and self-perception of well-being. Amenorrhoea is the absence of menses in women of reproductive agewhich may be primary or secondary. Primary amenorrhoea refers to the absence of menarche at the age of 16 and secondary amenorrhoea is the cessation of menses for at least 6 months in already cycling women. Secondary amenorrhoea is more common than primary amenorrhea. Ihtibas al-Tamth (amenorrhoea) is defined in the Unani system of medicine as the absence of monthly bleeding for more than 2 months or a decrease in the quantity of menstrual blood. The etiologies of amenorrhoea may be considered categorically as outflow tract abnormalities, primary ovarian insufficiency, hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, other endocrine gland disorders, sequelae of chronic disease, physiologic, or induced. The causes of Ihtibas al-Tamth are related to Quwwat Dafia al-Badan, Madda and Johar Khun-i-Hayd, or Ala Makhraj -i-Hayd. Su’-i-Mizaj Barid, Yabis, Harr or Harr wa Yabis, Su’-i-Mizaj Maddi or Sada can lead to Du’f al-Quwwat-i-Dafia. Abnormality in quality and quantity of Madda in Su’-i-Mizaj Maddi can also lead to ihtibas al-tamth. Amenorrhoea is not a diagnosis but a symptom indicating anatomical, genetic and neuroendocrine abnormalities. It can be determined by two different groups of causes: (a) anatomical defects of the genital organs; (b) endocrine dysfunctions. Both congenital and acquired anomalies in the structure of the uterus and vagina could produce amenorrhoea; nevertheless, in most patients, amenorrhoea is related to an ovarian malfunction. Symptoms usually associated with amenorrhoea are headache, nausea, back ache and lower abdominal pain, tiredness, and some respiratory problems. Main principle of treatment includes Tawleed-i-Dam, Tanqiya-i-Akhlat Ghaleeza, Talteef-i-Khilt, Tafteeh-i-Uruq Raham and Tahzeel if obesity is the cause. Surgical intervention if hymen is imperforated. Some regimenal therapies are also beneficial in amenorrhoea, such as Fasd-i-Safin, Hammam-i-Murattib and Hijama-i-Nariya on calf area. Some Unani drugs, which are beneficial in amenorrhoea, are Habb-i-Mudir, Safoof-i-Baboona, Kushta Faulad, and Safoof Muhazzil. In the present scenario, it is utmost important to educate the patients to live a healthy and hygienic life and to avoid those factors which cause amenorrhoea.

Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in Plasma, Urine, and Feces of Donkey (Equus asinus) after a Single Intragastric Administration.

Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, but the study of its pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PKs/PDs) in donkeys is rarely reported. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin administered intragastrically, and to study the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in plasma, urine, and feces, and the PK/PD parameters were investigated to provide a rationale for enrofloxacin treatment in donkeys. A total of five healthy donkeys were selected for intragastric administration of 7.5 mg·kg-1 BW of enrofloxacin by gavage, and blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected. The results showed that the elimination half-life of plasma enrofloxacin was 11.40 ± 6.40 h, Tmax was 0.55 ± 0.12 h, Cmax was 2.46 ± 0.14 mg·L-1, AUC0-∞ was 10.30 ± 3.37 mg·L-1·h, and mean residence time (MRT) was 7.88 ± 1.26 h. The Tmax of plasma ciprofloxacin was 0.52 ± 0.08 h, Cmax was 0.14 ± 0.03 mg·L-1, and AUC0-∞ was 0.24 ± 0.16 mg·L-1·h. Urinary Cmax was 38.18 ± 8.56 mg·L-1 for enrofloxacin and 15.94 ± 4.15 mg·L-1 for ciprofloxacin. The total enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin recovered amount in urine was 7.09 ± 2.55% of the dose for 144 h after dosing. The total enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin recovered amount in feces was 25.73 ± 10.34% of the dose for 144 h after dosing. PK/PD parameters were also examined in this study, based on published MICs. In conclusion, 7.5 mg/kg BW of enrofloxacin administered intragastrically to donkeys was rapidly absorbed, widely distributed, and slowly eliminated in their bodies, and was predicted to be effective against bacteria with MICs < 0.25 mg·L-1.

Treatment ideas of acupuncture and moxibustion for adenomyosis based on "etiology, location, nature and development of disease".

Focusing on the syndrome/pattern differentiation to determine treatment, the approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion for adenomyosis are explored by identifying the etiology, location, nature and development of disease. The syndromes/patterns of adenomyosis are differentiated in view of both zangfu and meridian theories. The treatment is delivered complying with the menstrual cycle and the basic rule of treatment, "treating the symptoms in the acute stage, while the root causes in the recovery stage". During menstrual period, stopping pain and eliminating stasis are dominant; while during the other days of menstrual cycle, regulating zangfu dysfunction (excess or deficiency) is emphasized. In general, the functions of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel should be specially considered and adjusted, and the principles of treatment include strengthening the spleen, regulating the kidney and soothing the liver. Acupoints are selected mainly from the spleen meridian of foot-taiyin, the kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin and the conception vessel. Ciliao (BL 32), Shiqizhui (EX-B 8), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Diji (SP 8) and four-gate points (bilateral Hegu [LI 4] and Taichong [LR 3]) are used in menstrual period; Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3) in postmenstrual phase; Guanyuan (CV 4), Luanchao (Ovary, Extra) and Qihai (CV 6) in intermenstrual phase; while, Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6) and Shenque (CV 8), combined with Gongsun (SP 4), Neiguan (PC 6) and Jianshi (PC 5) in premenstrual phase. According to the dynamic development of patient's conditions, the reinforcing or reducing techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion are feasibly applied in treatment of adenomyosis.

A paclitaxel-hyaluronan conjugate (ONCOFID-P-B™) in patients with BCG-unresponsive carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a dynamic assessment of the tumor microenvironment

BackgroundThe intravesical instillation of the paclitaxel-hyaluronan conjugate ONCOFID-P-B™ in patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS; NCT04798703 phase I study), induced 75 and 40% of complete response (CR) after 12 weeks of intensive phase and 12 months of maintenance phase, respectively. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ONCOFID-P-B™-treated BCG-unresponsive bladder CIS patients enrolled in the NCT04798703 phase I study, in order to identify predictive biomarkers of response.MethodsThe composition and spatial interactions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the expression of the most relevant hyaluronic acid (HA) receptors on cancer cells, were analyzed in biopsies from the 20 patients enrolled in the NCT04798703 phase I study collected before starting ONCOFID-P-B™ therapy (baseline), and after the intensive and the maintenance phases. Clinical data were correlated with cell densities, cell distribution and cell interactions. Associations between immune populations or HA receptors expression and outcome were analyzed using univariate Cox regression and log-rank analysis.ResultsIn baseline biopsies, patients achieving CR after the intensive phase had a lower density of intra-tumoral CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but also fewer interactions between CTL and macrophages or T-regulatory cells, as compared to non-responders (NR). NR expressed higher levels of the HA receptors CD44v6, ICAM-1 and RHAMM. The intra-tumoral macrophage density was positively correlated with the expression of the pro-metastatic and aggressive variant CD44v6, and the combined score of intra-tumoral macrophage density and CD44v6 expression had an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.68–1.00) for patient response prediction.ConclusionsThe clinical response to ONCOFID-P-B™ in bladder CIS likely relies on several components of the TME, and the combined evaluation of intra-tumoral macrophages density and CD44v6 expression is a potentially new predictive biomarker for patient response. Overall, our data allow to advance a potential rationale for combinatorial treatments targeting the immune infiltrate such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, to make bladder CIS more responsive to ONCOFID-P-B™ treatment.

Intra-pleural and intra-peritoneal tocilizumab therapy for managing malignant pleural effusions and ascites: The Regional Immuno-Oncology Trial (RIOT)−2 study protocol

BackgroundMalignant pleural effusions (MPE) and malignant ascites (MA) are serious complications of advanced cancer, marked by debilitating symptoms and limited treatment options. Based on a wealth of previous literature implicating the cytokine IL-6 as a central mediator in the pathogenesis of MPE and MA, the Regional Immuno-Oncology Trial 2 (RIOT-2) clinical protocol was developed to explore intra-cavitary delivery of tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, as treatment for these conditions. MethodsThis phase I clinical trial (NCT 06016179) is being conducted to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of intra-cavitary tocilizumab administration to patients with MPE and MA. Eligible patients are those with pleural effusion or peritoneal ascites due to metastatic cancer who are scheduled to undergo standard-of-care catheter placement for pleural or peritoneal drainage. Following catheter placement, patients will receive a starting dose of tocilizumab 0.5 µg/mL via intra-pleural or intra-peritoneal implantable catheters. Weekly escalating doses of tocilizumab will be given over four weeks. Primary endpoints are frequency and type of adverse events, while secondary endpoints include pharmacokinetic and immunological parameters. This single-center study will proceed until 12 patients have been treated. DiscussionInhibition of the IL-6 signaling pathway with tocilizumab is hypothesized to be a rational mitigating treatment strategy for the maladaptive intra-cavitary immune environment in patients with MPE and MA. The RIOT-2 study aims to assess the safety of intra-cavitary tocilizumab therapy, administered via indwelling catheters. Pharmacologic and translational immunologic findings generated by this study could pave the way for future research into clinical applications of intra-cavitary immunotherapy. Trial registrationThe trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT06016179 (registered on August 29th, 2023).

The Relationship Between The Rationality Of Prescribing And The Quality Of Life Of Hypertension Patients At The Central Siantan Health Center In Pontianak

Hypertension is a silent killer disease that can affect the patient's quality of life. There is a need for rational treatment to achieve the success of therapy and the desired quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between the rationality of prescribing and the quality of life of hypertensive patients. The study design was an observational cohort. Data were obtained from hypertensive patients at the Puskesmas Siantan Tengah Pontianak who met the inclusion criteria in June-July 2021 using a prospective purposive sampling and collected from medical records, EQ5D5L and VAS questionnaires. The results of the study on 101 samples were obtained; the rationality of prescribing antihypertensive drugs was rational, with the percentage of rationality being the appropriate indication 87,12%; appropriate drug 87.12%; appropriate patient 88.11%; and appropriate dose 88.11%. In addition, 28 patients (27.72%) did not have a problem with the five dimensions with the highest EQ5D5L index of 1,000, while the quality of life, as measured by VAS, had a median value of 60. The results of the Pearson chi-square test showed that there was a relationship between the rationality of prescription and quality of life for hypertensive patients with a significance value ≥ 0.05 using the EQ5D5L (p = 0.688) and VAS (p = 0.583) questionnaires. Conclusion: there is no significant relationship between the rationality of prescribing and the quality of life of hypertensive patients, both using the EQ5D5L and VAS questionnaires.

Recurrent pulmonary embolism and non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction: current problems of diagnosis and treatment (clinical case)

A clinical case of a patient with recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE) and non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is presented. Underestimation of the history data, the clinical course of non-massive pulmonary embolism under the mask of syncope, eventually led to the development of massive pulmonary embolism and clinical death of the patient. The article discusses non-massive PE masks, principles of treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in a patient with acute NSTEMI.

Abstract LB404: ATR inhibitors synergize with DHFR inhibitors in rhabdomyosarcoma cells by disrupting DNA damage checkpoint

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. RMS tumors are classified into four subtypes: embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing, and pleomorphic. Treatment options for RMS include a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy and regimens for patients with relapsed and metastatic RMS remain limited. However, a recent study has reported that pharmacological inhibitors targeting ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) are currently undergoing phase I/II trials and may be utilized for the treatment of alveolar RMS. Interestingly, we identified that the gene signature of replication stress positively correlated with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression in the cancer cell line database (CellMinerCDB, discover.nci.nih.gov/cellminercdb; Pearson correlation (r)=0.66). DHFR is an important therapeutic target for cancer and autoimmune diseases, and its inhibitors are routinely used and clinically approved. DHFR inhibitors are known to exhibit their anticancer effects by inhibiting nucleotide synthesis and DNA replication. In this study, we aimed to explore a potential synergistic interaction using a combination treatment of ATR inhibitors (elimusertib and ceralasertib) and DHFR inhibitors (pralatrexate, methotrexate, and raltitrexated) in multiple RMS cell lines. We used a drug matrix reduction format and found that combined treatment of ATR inhibitors and DHFR inhibitors induced a synergistically decreased RMS cell viability, showing higher synergy in fusion-positive RMS cells than in fusion-negative RMS cells. Mechanistically, ATR inhibitors abrogated DNA damage response checkpoint CHK1 activation caused by DHFR inhibitor, leading to increased γH2AX and decreased DNA replication activity. Accordingly, the accumulation of DNA damage in combination with ATR inhibitor and DHFR inhibitor triggered higher cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death than single agent treatment of DHFR inhibitor. Our findings warrant further research into identifying genomic regions where the DNA damage is enriched in combination treatment by using END-sequencing and synthesis-associated with repair sequencing (SAR-seq). In conclusion, this study provides promising rationale for the combination treatment of ATR and DHFR inhibitors to treat RMS patients, including those with advanced, relapsed, and metastatic states. Citation Format: Ukhyun Jo, George K Annor, Jack F. Shern. ATR inhibitors synergize with DHFR inhibitors in rhabdomyosarcoma cells by disrupting DNA damage checkpoint [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB404.

The Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Canine Mast Cell Tumors.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in companion animals. The evaluation of locoregional lymph nodes, known as lymph node mapping, is a critical process in assessing the stage of various solid tumors, such as mast cell tumors (MCTs), anal gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, melanoma, and mammary gland adenocarcinoma. MCTs are among the most prevalent skin malignancies in dogs. Staging is used to describe the extent of neoplastic disease, provide a framework for rational treatment planning, and evaluate treatment results. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in canine MCTs, its influence on treatment decisions and prognosis, as well as the advantages and limitations of different SLN techniques currently available in veterinary oncology. A search methodology was adopted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Critical analyses of up-to-date research have shown that lymphoscintigraphy can achieve a lymph node detection rate of between 91 and 100%. This method is becoming increasingly recognized as the gold standard in both human and veterinary medicine. In addition, initial studies on a limited number of animals have shown that computed tomographic lymphography (CTL) is highly effective in the SLN mapping of MCTs, with detection rates between 90 and 100%. The first study on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) also revealed that this advanced technique has up to a 95% detection rate in canine MCTs. These methods provide non-ionizing alternatives with high detection capabilities. Furthermore, combining computed tomography and near-infrared fluorescence (NIR/NIR-LND) lymphography is promising as each technique identifies different SLNs. Indirect lymphography with Lipiodol or Iohexol is technically feasible and may be also used to effectively detect SLNs. The integration of these mapping techniques into routine MCT staging is essential for enhancing the precision of MCT staging and potentially improving therapeutic outcomes. However, further clinical trials involving a larger number of animals are necessary to refine these procedures and fully evaluate the clinical benefits of each technique.

Internet-Delivered Affect-Focused Psychodynamic Therapy for Adolescent Depression: Treatment Principles and Clinical Application in the ERiCA Project

ABSTRACT Internet-delivered, therapist-guided, self-help programs are novel ways to deliver psychotherapeutic interventions adapted from established therapy models. Such programs can be easily accessed online and may offer an important treatment option for patients who struggle with barriers to seeking out and engaging in face-to-face psychotherapy, including depressed adolescents. While there are evidence-based Internet-delivered self-help programs based on cognitive-behavioral therapies (i.e. ICBT) for adolescent depression, a program based on psychodynamic principles (i.e. IPDT) has so far been lacking. In this article we describe the IPDT program developed within the ERiCA project, which has so far been evaluated in two randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We further provide a case example from one of the trials to illustrate the treatment process and therapeutic interaction in detail. Given the novelty of the approach, we will particularly highlight and discuss how a psychodynamic understanding of adolescent development and depressive dynamics as well as affect-focused treatment principles inform the treatment, including the therapist’s role, tasks, and choice of interventions. The potential implications and utility of IPDT for regular clinical practice are elaborated as well as potential research directions for the future.

‘You are not Sikkimese enough’: Understanding collective action tendencies of old settlers in Sikkim using SIMCA

AbstractThe current study analyses the motivators and inhibitors of collective action tendency using the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA). The study was conducted with a minority and state‐based repressed group known as the old settlers in Sikkim, India. The old settlers are a community that have been historically settled in Sikkim prior to the state's merger with India in 1975. They are racially and ethnically different from the majority population of northeasterners in Sikkim and face both institutional and interpersonal discrimination. A qualitative approach using semi‐structured interviews with 11 old settlers was taken to delineate SIMCA variables – moral conviction, identity, injustice and efficacy – within the context of northeast India. Collective action was motivated through moral conviction via principles of equality and unequal treatment and outsider status, identity via politicisation of identity, creation of social movement organisations, injustice via anger and fraternal resentment and efficacy via marches and legal recourses. Collective action was inhibited through moral conviction via denial of violation, identity via acculturation, injustice via fear and efficacy via learned helplessness. These findings indicate that in state‐based repressed groups, collective action tendencies must be understood from a context‐specific lens that attempts to understand both motivating and inhibitory factors.

Clinical considerations of emergent oral manifestations during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a special period for developing and treating oral diseases. Oral emergencies during pregnancy need to be handled appropriately. Changes in the physiological environments and personal habits of pregnant women increase susceptibility to some oral diseases. However, clinical treatment strategies are limited due to the need to ensure the safety of pregnant women and fetuses. Pregnant women should obtain oral health knowledge and enhance their awareness. Dentists should adhere to the principle of "prevention before pregnancy, controlling symptoms during pregnancy, and treating diseases after pregnancy" for different pregnancy periods. They should also formulate appropriate treatment plans to control emergencies, prevent disease progression, and avoid harmful effects on pregnant women by using the safest, simplest, and most effective strategies that avoid adverse effects on fetuses. Pregnant women and dentists should combine prevention and treatment while collaborating in maintaining oral health during pregnancy. This article focuses on the principles of treatment during pregnancy, and the treatment timing, clinical management, and treatment strategies of different diseases causing oral emergencies during pregnancy are reviewed.

Role of Sheeta Upanaha in the Management of Vipadika – A Case Study

Skin is the mirror which reflects the harmony of Internal functions of body. Psoriasis is a non-infective inflammatory, Proliferative, Chronic skin disease in which there are scaly papules and plaques that can involve any part of body. Palmoplantar psoriasis refers to psoriasis that develops on palms and soles. Vipadika is included in Kshudra kusta having sign and symptoms similar to Palmoplantar psoriasis. In this case study, A 65-year-old male patient a known case of Palmoplantar psoriasis approached with symptoms of Scales and fissures over both palms and soles with Pain, Severe itching and burning sensation for the past 1year. After clinical examination and history of the patient he was advised, Deepana &amp; Pachana, Shamana Snehapana and Seetha Upanaha as module of treatment. Even though treatment principles such as Deepana, Pachana, Shamana Snehapana might have helped in the overall result, but it was Seetha Upanaha Chikitsa observed to be quite significant in this case, as patient started feeling better after starting of Seetha upanaha. After implementation of treatment plan patient has become completely symptom free and there was no recurrence even after six months.

Trauma and its Orthodontic Implications – Comprehensive Review on Diagnosis, Treatment Planning, and Prevention

This article focuses over the factors that an orthodontist should consider before attempting any movement of traumatized teeth. The epidemiology and the mechanisms of traumatic dental injuries are discussed. The article briefly explains the diagnosis and treatment principles in orthodontic patients suffering from traumatic injuries. This article provide insights over the evidence based on existing literature relating to root surface resorption and orthodontic tooth movement in vital and endodontically treated traumatized teeth. Special focus has been given to the interdisciplinary management of tooth related injuries. The article also discusses the various measures for prevention of dental and oral injuries.

The main principles of managing patients with Graves’ disease in clinical practice

BACKGROUND: Graves’ disease (GD) is a common cause of persistent thyrotoxicosis. In regions with adequate iodine intake, the incidence is 20–30 cases per 100,000 people. Modern treatment of GD includes antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), and thyroidectomy. The choice of treatment strategy is based on the severity of thyrotoxicosis, the frequency of potential side effects, the availability of treatment options, and the likelihood of achieving sustained remission. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up between countries and individual specialists.AIM: To conduct a survey on the current clinical practice of treating Graves’ disease in Russia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted among physicians in 2022-2023. The questions covered the principles of diagnosis, treatment, and dynamic observation of adult patients with Graves’ disease.RESULTS: The study involved 104 physicians of various specialties who treat patients with Graves’ disease. Approximately 99% of respondents chose the determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TSHR-ab) to clarify the etiology of thyrotoxicosis, while only 60.6% of them chose thyroid scintigraphy. As the first-line treatment method, antithyroid drug therapy is chosen by 88.5%, while 13.5% of physicians use radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), and less than 1% of respondents refer patients to thyroidectomy. Thiamazole is most commonly used (99%), while propylthiouracil (PTU) is used in cases of allergy to thiamazole or during the first trimester of pregnancy. The «block-replace» scheme is preferred over the «block» scheme, with 72.1% compared to 28.8%, respectively. The majority of physicians (95.2%) initiate therapy with moderate doses of thiamazole (20–30 mg) and PTU (200–300 mg). Most physicians conduct dynamic monitoring of liver transaminase levels (57.7%) and complete blood count (78.8%). Conservative therapy is prescribed for a period of 12–18 months (88.5%) or up to 24 months (10.6%). Before discontinuing antithyroid drug therapy, 89.4% of respondents monitor thyroid hormone levels, 82.7% monitor TSHR-Ab levels, and 47.1% perform thyroid ultrasound. Repeat courses of conservative therapy are prescribed for up to 61.5% of respondents. Approximately 63.5% of surveyed physicians reported difficulties in referring patients for radical treatment due to a limited number of specialized institutions. Physicians cited patient unwillingness and the need to postpone pregnancy (81.6% and 24.3% respectively) as the main inhibitory factors for RAI. Thyroidectomy was associated with patient unwillingness (69.2%), as well as physician fear of laryngeal paralysis (48.1%) and postoperative hypoparathyroidism (49%).CONCLUSION: The results of the study demonstrated that physicians in their practice generally adhere to international recommendations for the treatment of Graves’ disease.