Similar Principles Research Articles

Evidence for a shared cognitive mechanism underlying relative rhythmic and melodic perception

Musical melodies and rhythms are typically perceived in a relative manner: two melodies are considered “the same” even if one is shifted up or down in frequency, as long as the relationships among the notes are preserved. Similar principles apply to rhythms, which can be slowed down or sped up proportionally in time and still be considered the same pattern. We investigated whether humans perceiving rhythms and melodies may rely upon the same or similar mechanisms to achieve this relative perception. We looked at the effects of changing relative information on both rhythm and melody perception using a same-different paradigm. Our manipulations changed stimulus contour and/or added a referent in the form of either a metrical pulse (bass-drum beat) for rhythm stimuli, or a melodic drone for melody stimuli. We found that these manipulations had similar effects on performance across rhythmic and melodic stimuli. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that the addition of a drone note has significant effects on melody perception, warranting further investigation. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that relative perception of rhythm and melody rely upon shared relative perception mechanisms, alongside domain specific mechanisms. Further work is needed to explore the specific nature of this relationship and to pinpoint the cognitive and neural mechanisms involved.

Vibration prediction model and vibration characteristics of mining riser used in deep-sea gas hydrate extraction based on deep-learning

During the deep-sea gas hydrate mining riser operation, the vibration prediction is obtained using a simplified theoretical model, and its accuracy cannot be effectively guaranteed. Deep learning methods can effectively solve this problem. Therefore, a three-dimensional vibration prediction model for the deep-sea gas hydrate mining riser is established using a long short-term memory network based on deep-learning, which can be trained with the help of the vibration data of the mining riser obtained in the field, and realize the advance prediction of the vibration response of the mining riser in the later period. In order to effectively verify the correctness of the model, a similar principle is used to develop an experimental rig for simulating the vibration of the mining riser under the excitation of internal and external flows. The experimental test results are compared with the model prediction results, and the decision coefficient (R2) reaches 99%, which verifies the correctness of the prediction model. Moreover, to further verify that the model can achieve vibration prediction of the deep-see mining riser, the energy method and Hamilton's principle are used to establish a theoretical model of gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow-induced vibration of the deep-sea hydrate mining riser. The results of the predictions in the later period are compared with the results of the theoretical model calculations. It is found that the coefficient of determination (R2) reaches 94.59%, which further verifies the effectiveness of the deep-learning prediction model. On this basis, the vibration responses of the mining riser are predicted under different shear flows, heave motion parameters of platform, lifting flow rate, hydrate abundance, and hydrate particle size. The influences of operational and structural parameters on the vibration response of the mining riser are investigated, and the vibration characteristics of the mining riser are revealed. The study results provide a theoretical foundation and a predictive modeling tool for the safety of hydrate mining risers.

Revealing 5-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole as the active pharmacophore of ALK/ROS1 dual inhibitors through theoretical calculations and biological activity evaluations

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and tyrosine protein kinase (ROS1) are recognized as driver genes in lung cancer, with dual inhibition of both targets offering a promising approach to enhance therapeutic outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although numerous ALK/ROS1 inhibitors have received FDA approval, detailed research into the essential active structural motifs within these inhibitors remains limited. Addressing this gap, the current study employed computer-aided drug design (CADD) methodologies, incorporating bioisosteric and conformational similarity principles to design and synthesize 31 dual-target 2-morpholinobenzamide derivatives. These derivatives each include the 5-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole, 4-benzylmorpholine, and thiophene moieties. Based on docking binding energies, we proposed that 5-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole may represent a key pharmacophore for ALK/ROS1 activity. Subsequent kinase and cellular assays validated this hypothesis, with compound X4 exhibiting optimal inhibitory activity against both ALK and ROS1 kinases and lung cancer cell lines, achieving IC50 values of 0.512 µM (ALK), 0.766 µM (ROS1), and 0.034 ± 0.002 µM (H2228). In vitro antitumor assays demonstrated dose-dependent induction of apoptosis in H2228 cells by X4. Western blot (WB) analysis further confirmed that X4 effectively suppresses the expression of p-ALK and p-ERK. Importantly, X4 exhibited high specificity in targeting ALK and ROS1 across a range of kinases. In an H2228 xenograft model, X4 achieved a tumor inhibition rate of 54.71 %, underscoring its considerable potential in ALK/ROS1 inhibition.

Evolution of contactless conductometry methods

The development of chemical sensor devices operating in non-contact mode is of primary interest due to the demand from various industries for a fast, simple and inexpensive determination of chemical composition in different media in a non-invasive way. One of the promising directions for the development of analytical devices with such characteristics is the use of high-frequency electrical signals. The paper discusses the evolution of high-frequency contactless conductometry method, likewise other methods and devices operating on similar physical principles (dielectric spectroscopy, microwave sensors, C4D detectors).

Enhancing the Properties of Latex-Based Coatings with Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Latex-based nanocomposites containing carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (cCNCs) were synthesized via in situ seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization. Inspired by nature's use of CNCs to enhance rigidity and mechanical strength in cellulosic materials, we explored similar principles to improve the properties of acrylate water-based coatings. The cCNCs, loaded at 0.3-1.0 wt %, were added 1 h after pre-emulsion feeding began, addressing sensitivity to ionic strength and enabling stable final latexes. Careful control of the polymerization process maintained consistent particle sizes across formulations, allowing for mechanical property comparisons. Films from these latexes were evaluated through rheological and water sensitivity tests. With 1.0 wt % cCNC, significant increases in viscosity, shear-thinning behavior, stiffness, and elastic modulus were observed. Additionally, cCNCs reduced water and moisture absorption without affecting the whitening resistance. These findings demonstrate the enhanced properties of in situ cCNC latex nanocomposites, broadening their potential for industrial applications.

Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Kasus Pertanahan Studi Perbandingan antara Indonesia dan Prancis

Unlawful Actions (PMH) in land cases is an important issue in the legal system in various countries, including Indonesia and France. Although both countries have similar basic principles regarding PMH, there are fundamental differences in the way they are regulated and implemented, especially in the land context. This research aims to analyze the comparison between the PMH concept in Indonesia and France, with a focus on resolving land disputes. The method used is a comparative approach, comparing the legal provisions applicable in both countries, as well as the dispute resolution mechanisms applied in practice. The research results show that although there are similarities in the aim of protecting land rights and providing compensation to injured parties, each country has different legal characteristics in dealing with unlawful acts in the land context. In Indonesia, dispute resolution is more formal and bureaucratic, while in France it prioritizes mediation and a social approach. Apart from that, the difference in the application of subjective and objective responsibility is also an important differentiating factor in law enforcement related to PMH.

A synthetic protein-level neural network in mammalian cells.

Artificial neural networks provide a powerful paradigm for nonbiological information processing. To understand whether similar principles could enable computation within living cells, we combined de novo-designed protein heterodimers and engineered viral proteases to implement a synthetic protein circuit that performs winner-take-all neural network classification. This "perceptein" circuit combines weighted input summation through reversible binding interactions with self-activation and mutual inhibition through irreversible proteolytic cleavage. These interactions collectively generate a large repertoire of distinct protein species stemming from up to eight coexpressed starting protein species. The complete system achieves multi-output signal classification with tunable decision boundaries in mammalian cells and can be used to conditionally control cell death. These results demonstrate how engineered protein-based networks can enable programmable signal classification in living cells.

Comparative study of electron temperature and ion energy in two different magnetic nozzle thruster designs

Conventional ion thruster technologies face challenges such as electrode and grid erosion and the need for additional neutralizer devices. In this article, we discuss two thruster concepts that achieve plasma acceleration by means of a magnetic nozzle, and thus avoid the need of a neutralizer device. The concept of a magnetic nozzle converting the thermal energy available in the electrons movement to ion kinetic energy is a well accepted model in the community. We discuss a novel thruster concept based on electrode-less electron cyclotron resonance plasma generation via a slot antenna design. The geometry of this thruster concept results in a converging-diverging character of the magnetic field topology along the plume direction. To this date it is not known in which way this new thruster design influences the electron dynamics and thus the ion energy. To understand the correlation between ion energy and electron temperature of this thruster system, it is compared with a well-known thruster prototype operating on similar principles, however, realizing microwave coupling and magnetic field topology in a different way. Both thruster designs operate within comparable power, frequency, and volume flow ranges. The ion energy with maximum probability is measured for both thrusters using a retarding potential analyzer in the same vacuum environment. Additionally, the electron temperature is measured with a Langmuir probe for various operation points of the thrusters, differing in input power level, volume flow, set excitation frequency, and argon or xenon as propellant.

The Scientific Orthodoxy and the double Orthodox Harmonization. Comparison with other Religions

It is deduced from the content of the paper, that the scientific orthodoxy - based on the principle of orthodox reciprocity and the principle of double orthodox harmonization (D.O.H.) –implying the use of this scientizing principle of reciprocity also for the relation: man-Nature, by the fact that they increase the psycho-social-useful value of a psycho-social system- in accordance to some mathematical estimates, they are thus constituted as an ideology of increasing the potential/ the ability of individuals to normalize their psycho-social life, being a main ideological means of reducing the danger of functional blocking of the human psycho-social system. It also follows that similar principles of scientific orthodoxy also exist in other religions, but without the principle of reciprocity as a basic principle of the man- Nature relationship. This also indicates the need to implement in Orthodox education the principle of the double Orthodox- scientific harmonization, for a society where the concept of psycho-social normality is based on scientific humanism.

Size Effect and Macro‐Microscopic Bearing Characteristics of Compressed Shallow Foundations Based on Discrete Element Method and Centrifugal Similarity Principle

ABSTRACTBased on the discrete element method and the centrifugal similarity theory, Particle Flow Code PFC2D was employed to establish numerical models of soil for compressed shallow foundations. The particle size effect and boundary effect of soil‐bearing capacity for compressed shallow foundations, as well as the microscopic characteristics and failure mechanisms of soil, were studied. The results show that when the ratio of the foundation width to the maximum particle size in the model was greater than or equal to 30, the effect of particle size on the soil‐bearing capacity could be ignored. When the ratio of the net distance from the foundation to the model boundary to the foundation width was greater than or equal to 2, the bearing capacity of the soil was not significantly affected by the model boundary, and the boundary effect could be ignored. With the increase in foundation width, the bearing capacity factor of the soil decreased, and the failure mode of the soil shifted from a general shear failure to a local shear failure or punching shear failure. This research in this paper not only offers valuable insights for downscaling numerical discrete element models, but also introduces novel approaches for macro‐microscopic characterization of soil‐bearing capacity.

YUGOSLAVIA AND EUROCOMMUNIST PARTIES DURING THE ‘LONG YEAR’ OF EUROPEAN DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM (1974–1976)

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Mediterranean communist parties’ political practices and party ideologies, the League of Communists of Yugoslavia’s (LCY) policies, and the socialist model of the Yugoslav state, underwent gradual changes according to similar principles. This allowed existing cooperation between the LCY and future Eurocommunist parties to expand. At this time, the countries of Western Europe were experiencing a period of unprecedented economic growth and a reduction in social inequalities. This period eventually ended in political turmoil and crisis caused by ideological and cultural changes significantly driven by the same long-term consequences of developing welfare state models in the Western Bloc’s largest economies. A new social reality in Western Europe, the Mediterranean region, and Yugoslavia, the Mediterranean’s closest socialist country, would influence the events leading to the zenith of the LCY’s influence on the European far left and also to the eventual downfall of the international leftist initiatives launched by the LCY and the Eurocommunist parties. This article will present findings from archival research regarding certain aspects that may have influenced these changes in the international positions of and relations between the LCY and the Eurocommunist parties. It will compare it to those of previous studies within the humanities and social sciences.

Hybrid organic - inorganic filter system for cadmium ions adsorption from aqueous solutions

The study reflects on the problem of heavy metals, namely cadmium, polluting the natural environment. The goal was to select the most efficient adsorber enabling ion exchange between calcium and cadmium in an aqueous environment and subsequently design a material hybrid organic-inorganic, particle-fiber system that adsorbs cadmium from aqueous environments and will be easily included in the technological process. The novelty of this study lies in the use of waste food material – eggshells as a source of biogenic nanoparticles. These are applied to a nanofibrous structure made of polyvinyl butyral in amounts of 8 to 10 %wt by weight by the AC electrospinning. (The experiment was performed with these boundary conditions: temperature was 23°C, and humidity was 42%. The high-electrical voltage amplifier generated a sinusoidal waveform with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 32 kV) and were used for ion exchange. In ion exchange, cadmium ions are exchanged with calcium ions based on the principle of chemical similarity of the two elements expressed by the z/r ratio (charge/ radius ratio), the z/r ratio is 2.02 for calcium ions Ca2+ and 2.06 for cadmium Cd2. Separateted nanoparticles of calcium carbonate obtained by burning eggshells (727°C) with dimensions from 100 to 200 nm and a specific surface area of 3.9 m2/g showed the highest adsorption capacity of 99.8%, synthetic calcium carbonate at 71.8%, and ground eggshells the lowest at 25.0%. Designed and laboratory-tested filter system of nanoparticles - nanofibers captures 95.6% and 96.8% of cadmium ions from an aqueous solution within 10 minutes and 90 minutes, respectively, at a concentration of cadmium ions of 10 mg/l, and at several nanoparticles of 0.3 g. The ion exchange is carried out only on the filter surface, and after a specific time, the calcium carbonate nanoparticles are released from the filter probably due to absence of chemical bond between nanoparticles and nanostructures or the low density of the nanofibrous structure. SEM, EDX, FTIR, BET and TGA analysis were used for material evaluation. The adsorption capacity of used nanoparticles and filter adsorbers was evaluated according to residual amounts of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions using ICP-IOS.

Analysis and experiment on the effect of washing flow field and soybean canopy on droplet deposition during drone hovering

At present, the research on the interaction between UAV rotor wind field and crop canopy is mainly based on practical experiments, and there are few studies on the interaction between wind field, droplet and plant canopy in hovering state. In order to enrich this part, this paper studied the deposition effect of droplets on the soybean canopy when the multi-rotor plant protection UAV hovered under different loads. A combination of numerical simulation and indoor experiments is used to analyze the distribution of washing flow fields at rotor speeds of 300rad/s, 400rad/s, and 500rad/s, as well as the motion of fog droplets in the presence of the drone's washing airflow and the soybean canopy. A soybean plant model is created based on the principle of porosity similarity, and CFD simulation is conducted to analyze wind field distribution under different rotational speeds. Using gas-liquid two-phase flow, the motion of droplets in the soybean canopy under wind droplet interaction is simulated. The results show that a rotor speed of 400 rad/s achieves better spray uniformity and deposition effect. Indoor tests reveal that at a rotor speed of 300 rad/s, the average droplet deposition is 86.91 with a standard deviation of 42.42 and a coefficient of variation of 48%. At a rotor speed of 400 rad/s, the average droplet deposition is 105.2 with a standard deviation of 38.91 and a coefficient of variation of 36.79%. At a rotor speed of 500 rad/s, the average droplet deposition is 98.98 with a standard deviation of 39.97 and a coefficient of variation of 40.32%. Overall, a rotor speed of 400 rad/s yields the best spray effect, confirming the authenticity of the simulation and providing useful parameters for further research on UAV plant protection spray.

The comparative study on the anti-penetration performance of high-strength material and normal-strength concrete based on experiments and simulation

Abstract To comparatively study the penetration resistance characteristics of typical robust targets including superhard granite rock, C130 ultra-high strength concrete, and C40 normal-strength concrete, dynamic penetration comparative experiments and simulation were conducted, and the remarkable difference in penetration mechanisms between dense rocks and concrete was revealed. Cause of similar quasi-rigid penetration mechanism and similar damage behavior of target observed in experiments, the penetration resistance equivalent relationship between C130 concrete and C40 concrete was established by simulation based on the principle of energy consumption similarity. Despite with similar strength grade, the penetration mechanism transforming from quasi-rigid penetration in C130 high-strength concrete to complete fragmentation penetration in granite rock was observed, indicating that it is impractical to conduct equivalent evaluations of the anti-intrusion capabilities of granite using high-strength concrete of the same strength grade. These research findings can provide technical support for the efficient destruction and equivalent evaluation of ultra-hard targets.

Shock wave overpressure distribution behaviour in free-field by reactive filling piercing projectile penetrating multi-layered plates

Abstract The experiment of reactive filling piercing projectile (RFPP) penetrating the multi-layered structural plates is conducted to investigate the impact-induced initiation model and behind-plate deflagration shock wave overpressure mechanism is developed according to the explosion similarity principle and the one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory. The concept of effective deflagration point is proposed to reveal the propagating mechanism of deflagration shock wave. The results demonstrate that at the impact velocity of 688 m/s, the position of initiated reactive filling deflagrated behind the plates range from 0375 to 0.05192m. A significant multi-peak characteristic is presented in the relationship between behind-plate overpressure and time, as a result of the sequential impact behaviour of RFPP impacting the multi-layered plates, with the later overpressure peak exceeding the initial one.

Experimental investigation on the performance of a borehole thermal energy storage system based on similarity and symmetry

Although Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) technology has achieved significant progress in feasibility and sustainable energy integration, high heat loss and long preheating periods still strongly restrict its charging and storage performance. This investigation designed and constructed a laboratory-scale BTES sandbox based on similarity and symmetry principles. Detailed monitoring of sand temperature data and boundary conditions validated the effectiveness of the symmetrically simplified similarity experiment. The data comprehensively reflected the change of underground temperature fields during the charging and seasonal storage phases. The reasons for the performance limitations of BTES are thereby analyzed. During the charging phase, the prototype BTES achieved its highest average charging rate of 220W within the first 21 days, and the temperature field stabilized after 192 days. In the storage phase, the exergy destruction losses of BTES primarily occurred at the junction between the core and peripheral zones, accounting for 56 % of the total losses. An effective method to enhance BTES performance is to reconfigure the borehole layout and operation, which improves the uniformity and continuity of the underground temperature field. The experimental measurement provides fundamental data for the integrated seasonal utilization of heating and cooling, which can be essential for innovative building energy systems.

Oral Capsule FMT Combined With Bezlotoxumab Is a Successful Rescue Protocol Following Failure of FMT Alone in the Treatment of Recurrent C. difficile Infection.

Evaluate the benefit of adding bezlotoxumab to repeat fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections after the failure of FMT alone. The initial failure of FMT in breaking the cycle of recurrent Clostridium difficile(C. difficile) infections is associated with a greater risk of subsequent failure. Our previous analysis showed that FMT failure is associated with delayed repair of fecal microbiota at 1 week after administration. We hypothesized that increasing the symptom-free interval by adding bezlotoxumab would improve the outcomes of a second FMT. A new rescue protocol that combines FMT with bezlotoxumab for patients who previously failed FMT alone was implemented in 2 academic medical centers. The clinical outcomes of a new protocol were captured in a prospective registry. The results were compared in a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes of prior experience with repeat FMT by itself. All FMT preparations were standardized for dose. Bezlotoxumab administration was synchronized temporally with the second FMT to maximize its duration of action. Our historical cure rate of second FMT in treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection was 48% (15/31 patients). Addition of bezlotoxumab to the second FMT resulted in a cure rate of 89% (24/27 patients). Addition of bezlotoxumab markedly improved the cure rate of the second FMT following initial FMT failure. The rationale for the protocol design highlights the importance of understanding the pharmacokinetics of both bezlotoxumab and FMT. Similar principles may apply to other live biotherapeutic products that are becoming available for prevention of C. difficile infection recurrence.

Determinants of Successful Femvertising in the Lingerie Industry: A Case Study on VS Collective and Aerie Real

With the rise of the feminist movement in recent years, many brands began to adhere to the movement's values, launching campaigns focused on inclusion, diversity, and women's empowerment, which became known as femvertising. However, there is a lack of research exploring how brands that adhere to similar feminist principles in their respective advertising are received differently by the public. This study aims to fill this literature gap and contribute to the growing body of research by investigating how femvertising principles are incorporated into the advertising strategies of Victoria’s Secret and American Eagle Outfitters (AEO). To this end, this study relies on a comparative analysis of these two prominent brands within the lingerie industry. The findings of this study reveal that a key marker of authenticity, and therefore one of the main determinants of the success of a feminist campaign, is the coherence of advertising messages with the brand's corporate practices, products, and social initiatives.

Effects of Thermal Performance Enhancement on PTC Downsizing With Emphasis on Cost Savings and Commercial Feasibility: An Extended Evaluation Criterion

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a new comparative analysis and introduces a new criterion for evaluating the size reduction of heat exchangers, particularly relevant in the context of parabolic trough receivers. Various innovative receivers from the literature, employing different enhancement techniques, were compared with the conventional straight receiver. On the basis of the principle of similarity and using a previously validated one‐dimensional mathematical model and numerical code, a parametric analysis was used to estimate reduction ratios and sizes for different solar receivers. For well‐defined receiver geometries, the main results reveal consistent reduction ratios of around 99.7% and 93.53% for helical screw‐tape and wavy receivers, respectively. This translates to size reductions of approximately 0.3 and 6.5 m compared with a 100‐m‐long conventional straight receiver, respectively. By integrating the ratio and the performance evaluation criterion (PEC) into a unified metric mPEC = PEC/, which accounts for both effectiveness and size reduction, a new classification of receivers is derived, closely aligning with that obtained by the ratio. In addition, a rebalancing analysis of the increased load loss is conducted based on this ratio. It suggests that in a scenario where the wavy receiver replaces the conventional straight receiver in operation, there would be no need to increase pumping power, as its reduced size compensates for the increased pressure drop. This scenario was used to assess the economic impact of a parabolic trough collector power plant in Hassi R'mel (Algerian Sahara). Without any additional components to boost performance, the adoption of the wavy receiver led to significant gains in terms of useful surface area, cost, and length, resulting in savings of over €3.02 million for this 30 MW solar energy field.

Enhancing performance factor analysis through skill profile and item similarity integration via an attention mechanism of artificial intelligence

IntroductionFrequent formative assessment is essential for accurately evaluating student learning, enhancing engagement, and providing personalized feedback. In STEM education, understanding the relationship between skills that students have internalized (mastered) and those they are developing (emergent) is crucial. Traditional models, including item response and cognitive diagnosis models, primarily focus on emergent skills, often overlooking internalized skills. Moreover, new tools like large language models lack a complete approach for tracking knowledge and capturing complex skill relationships.MethodsThis study incorporates artificial intelligence, specifically attention mechanisms, into educational assessment to evaluate both emergent and internalized skills. We propose a modified version of Performance Factor Analysis (PFA), which assesses student abilities by analyzing past responses and comparing them with peer performance on the same items, using parameters from a sigmoid function. This model leverages attention mechanisms to capture item order-based similarity and decay principles, providing a nuanced view of student skill profiles.ResultsThe Modified Performance Factor Analysis model significantly improved discriminative power, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores across various skill areas compared to traditional PFA models.DiscussionThese results indicate that the Modified Performance Factor Analysis model allows for a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of student performance, effectively identifying both emergent and internalized skills. By integrating AI into assessment, educators gain deeper insights, enabling them to refine teaching strategies and better support students' mastery of both types of skills.