Principles Of Production Research Articles

Validity of Prigogine’ s minimum entropy production principle for a rigid heat-conducting solid beyond the Fourier heat transport regime

Validity of Prigogine’ s minimum entropy production principle for a rigid heat-conducting solid beyond the Fourier heat transport regime

Implementation of the principles of lean production at the enterprise of JSC "Tannery"

The purpose of the work. The purpose of the work is to develop a plan for the implementation of lean manufacturing principles at the enterprise of JSC "Tannery" in order to improve in-shop logistics and ensure the competitive advantages of the enterprise. The relevance of the work. The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the fact that in modern conditions of a rapidly changing external environment, an enterprise needs to have competitive advantages in order to sell its products. For most enterprises, the main competitive advantage is to reduce the cost of production, which can be provided, for example, by optimizing in-store logistics. And here lean manufacturing comes to the rescue, which allows you to optimize existing resources. In this regard, the author identified the need to develop a plan for the implementation of lean manufacturing principles on the example of a leather goods manufacturing enterprise. The method or methodology of the work. The research is based on a general scientific methodology, which provides for the application of a systematic approach to solving the problems of in-store logistics by developing a specific plan for the implementation of lean manufacturing principles on the example of the enterprise JSC "Tannery". Results. In this work, a plan was developed to implement the principles of lean manufacturing in order to improve in-house logistics and ensure competitive advantages on the example of the enterprise JSC "Tannery" for the production of leather products. The paper considers the methods of traditional planning designed for analysis and decision-making in uncertain situations when implementing the principles of lean production on the example of the enterprise JSC "Tannery". The author assessed the effectiveness of the logistics system of JSC "Tannery" and identified its weaknesses; spaghetti diagrams for bottlenecks were constructed, a tree of problems and a tree of goals were formulated and constructed. Based on the results of the analytical study, the author proposed to redevelop the racks, which is reflected in detail in the developed plan for the introduction of lean manufacturing principles in order to improve in-store logistics and ensure the competitive advantages of the enterprise of JSC Tannery. Thus, the effectiveness of the plan developed by the author to implement the principles of lean manufacturing in order to improve in-store shelving logistics is beyond doubt and is confirmed by the calculations performed by the author. The scope of the results. The results of the conducted research can be used in the implementation of the principles of lean manufacturing at enterprises producing leather products in any region of the Russian Federation in order to improve warehouse logistics and ensure competitive advantages. Conclusions. In general, all of the above will lead to an improvement in the organization of financial and economic activities of enterprises producing leather products in the Russian Federation. This is especially relevant at present in the context of sanctions imposed by foreign countries against the Russian Federation.

Theorizing the Principles of Sustainable Production in the context of Circular Economy and Industry 4.0

The concept of Sustainable Production is evolving with changes triggered by the emergence of new economic and industrial models such as Circular Economy and Industry 4.0. However, most studies that currently link these concepts are based on the principles of Sustainable Production defined 20 years ago. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to redefine the principles that should govern Sustainable Production operations in the transition towards a Circular Economy and smart industry models. To this end, an initial proposal of 11 principles was shared with 11 world-class experts (academics and practitioners) and a consensus proposal was sought through a Delphi Panel. Ten principles emerged from this study, which were evaluated by experts according to criteria of significance, parsimony, semantic consistency and empirical adequacy. Additionally, to study the relationships between the ten principles, the Interpretative Structural Model (ISM) technique was applied. The ISM technique identified which principles are independent of or dependent on each other and established relationships between the principles. The findings suggest that Principle 5 (“Prioritize employees' well-being”), Principle 6 (“Enhance management commitment to sustainability”), Principle 9 (“Measure and optimize sustainable processes”) and Principle 10 (“Boost the use of sustainable technologies”) help to establish an ideal context to enhance the development of the rest of the principles that characterize Sustainable Production. The presentation of the ten principles opens new possibilities for researchers while helping managers to better understand sustainability in terms of production and, therefore contribute to achieving SDG 12.

Evaluation of the Implementation of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) at the Public Health Center in Pekanbaru City

(BLUD) of the public health center in Pekanbaru City is Pekanbaru Mayor Regulation No. 18 of 2017 concerning Systems and Procedures for Financial Management of BLUD public health centers in Pekanbaru City which was updated by Pekanbaru Mayor Regulation No. 187 of 2020 concerning Governance Patterns for Technical Implementation Units of Pekanbaru City Public Health Centers as Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD). There are 21 public health centers FKTP) under the supervision of the Pekanbaru City Health Office (. The purpose of implementing the Financial Management Pattern (PPK) of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) at the Pekanbaru City Public Health Center is to improve health services for the community based on the principles of efficiency and productivity without prioritizing profit-seeking. The role of the Health Office is very important in supervising puskesmas in the BLUD Financial Management Pattern (PPK). To evaluate the implementation of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) of the Public Health Center in Pekanbaru City. This type of research is qualitative with 5 main informants namely the head of the puskesmas and 2 supporting informants from the Pekanbaru City Health Office. Collecting data through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. The triangulation used is the triangulation of sources, methods and data. Results of the regulation on the management of BLUD at the puskesmas referring to Permendagri No. 79 of 2018 and Perwako No. 187 of 2020. Dissemination of Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) policies has been carried out but not routinely. There are constraints in terms of quantity and quality of human resources involved in the Financial Management Pattern (PPK) of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD). Adequate facilities and infrastructure, only management funds are not optimal. The majority of puskesmas do not have problems in the planning process, as evidenced by the fact that there are already documents for planning activities from the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) in each community health center. The implementation of the activities of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) has not run optimally according to regulations. The function and role of supervision has not been well coordinated between the health office, the inspectorate, the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD). Suggestion: optimizing the roles, functions and duties of the Pekanbaru City Health Office, the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) and the Inspectorate in the supervisory function and evaluating improvements for the activities of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) at the Pekanbaru City public health center.

Kinetic theory of collisionless relaxation for systems with long-range interactions

We develop the kinetic theory of collisionless relaxation for systems with long-range interactions in relation to the statistical theory of Lynden-Bell. We treat the multi-level case. We make the connection between the kinetic equation obtained from the quasilinear theory of the Vlasov equation and the relaxation equation obtained from a maximum entropy production principle. We propose a method to close the infinite hierarchy of kinetic equations for the phase level moments and obtain a kinetic equation for the coarse-grained distribution function in the form of a generalized Landau, Lenard–Balescu or Kramers equation associated with a generalized form of entropy (Chavanis, 2004). This allows us to go beyond the two-level case associated with a Fermi–Dirac-type entropy. We discuss the numerous analogies with two-dimensional turbulence. We also mention possible applications of the present formalism to fermionic and bosonic dark matter halos.

Engineering practice of underground heat injection-enhanced gas extraction in low-permeability coal seams

ABSTRACT The heat injection mechanism for improving gas desorption, coal seam gas pressure, and coal seam permeability in the Yangquan mining area was investigated via theoretical analysis. This analysis was conducted to address the problems of poor permeability, difficult gas extraction, and low extraction efficiency of 15# coal seam. An underground heat injection-enhanced gas extraction technology was proposed; accordingly, a heat injection-enhanced gas extraction system was developed and appropriate extraction methods were devised. The findings of an industrial test on 15# coal seam in the coal mine show that the proposed technology not only increased the amount of gas extracted but also halved the extraction time and realized efficient gas extraction. Two mature underground heat injection-enhanced gas extraction methods were established. These methods have similar gas production principles in that the gas production speed and gas concentration in the heat injection stage are relatively low, while the average degree of improvement in the extraction stage after heat injection can reach more than 50 times. The average degree of improvement in gas production speed and gas concentration after the second heat injection is greater than that after the first.

RADAMS: Resilient and adaptive alert and attention management strategy against Informational Denial-of-Service (IDoS) attacks

Attacks exploiting human attentional vulnerability have posed severe threats to cybersecurity. In this work, we identify and formally define a new type of proactive attentional attacks called Informational Denial-of-Service (IDoS) attacks that generate a large volume of feint attacks to overload human operators and hide real attacks among feints. We incorporate human factors (e.g., levels of expertise, stress, and efficiency) and empirical psychological results (e.g., the Yerkes-Dodson law and the sunk cost fallacy) to model the operators’ attention dynamics and their decision-making processes along with the real-time alert monitoring and inspection. To assist human operators in dismissing the feints and escalating the real attacks timely and accurately, we develop a Resilient and Adaptive Data-driven alert and Attention Management Strategy (RADAMS) that de-emphasizes alerts selectively based on the abstracted category labels of the alerts. RADAMS uses reinforcement learning to achieve a customized and transferable design for various human operators and evolving IDoS attacks. The integrated modeling and theoretical analysis lead to the Product Principle of Attention (PPoA), fundamental limits, and the tradeoff among crucial human and economic factors. Experimental results corroborate that the proposed strategy outperforms the default strategy and can reduce the IDoS risk by as much as 20%. Besides, the strategy is resilient to large variations of costs, attack frequencies, and human attention capacities. We have recognized interesting phenomena such as attentional risk equivalency, attacker’s dilemma, and the half-truth optimal attack strategy.

Universal Principle for Large-Scale Production of a High-Quality Two-Dimensional Monolayer via Positive Charge-Driven Exfoliation

On the basis of the intrinsic characteristics of the layered materials, here we report a universal principle for the production of intact monolayers via layer-by-layer exfoliation from their bulk via positive charge doping. At experimental accessible densities (nc) of ∼1014 cm-2, various multilayer crystals, including graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and black phosphorus, can be exfoliated into the corresponding monolayers through ab initio density functional theory stimulations. The carrier critical thresholds for exfoliating are found to be nearly independent of thickness but dependent on surface size. The universality of positive charge-driven exfoliation originates from the common intrinsic characteristics of electronic structures for layered materials. The positively doped charges that preferentially accumulate near the surface induce interlayer repulsion, leading to layer-by-layer exfoliation when repulsion surpasses interlayer van der Waals force. This strategy may open the possibility of producing diverse high-quality two-dimensional monolayers with a small number of defects toward large-scale manufacturing.

The long cycle perspective on the emerging bio age

A combined perspective of long economic cycles and very long secular cycles of production principles is proposed to anticipate the major socioeconomic implications of the emerging (bio)technological paradigm. The analysis identifies three distinct shifts that shape and promote socioeconomic development in the next five to six decades: the material shift toward renewable resources, the actual technological shift as a confluence of technological mega-trends, and the control shift toward new knowledge elites and self-regulating systems. The strongest creative and disruptive effects of the new (bio)technological leitmotif are shown to materialize at the overlap of the successive shifts. The results suggest revisiting some priority fields of the current bioeconomy and related policies and chart out key challenges beyond the strategic policy horizon of 2050.

ДО ПИТАННЯ БІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАХИСТУ СВИНЕЙ, БЕЗПЕКИ СВИНОФЕРМ ТА ОХОРОНИ ДОВКІЛЛЯ

The purpose of the research is – to summarize measures on biological protection of pigs, safety of pig farms and environmental protection, taking into account EU standards for obtaining quality pig products. Research methods. Analytical research on the generalization of measures for biological protection of pigs, safety of pig farms and environmental protection was carried out by processing existing scientific reports, including EU regulatory requirements aimed at obtaining quality pig products. Research results. The procedure of biological protection of pigs is aimed at improving the physiological condition of animals and livestock productivity. During pork production, it is important to ensure the biological protection of animals to reduce the risk of spreading disease on pig farms. It is advisable to arrange a canopy on the playgrounds to protect pigs in bad weather and from the sun. With the intensification of pig farming, industrial practice shows an increase in the level of diseases of pigs associated with metabolic disorders in animals, the action of stressors, non-compliance with the parameters of the microclimate and feeding rules. In such conditions, preventive measures are especially important in the system of control of infectious and non-communicable diseases of pigs. Premises of pig farms after the completion of the technological cycle are subject to cleaning, keeping on sanitary rupture, ie the veterinary principle "everything is busy - everything is empty" must be observed. The safety of pig farms is a set of practical measures aimed at preventing the spread of infection to the farm and controlling the spread of infection within the farm. Biological safety of pig farms includes the following areas: biological isolation, biological regulation, biological protection. To protect the environment from pollution by pig farm waste, it is advisable to take the following measures. During the construction of pig farms it is necessary to observe sanitary gaps: to settlements not less than 1500 m, to other livestock facilities - 1000-1500 m. It is important to form a green belt, a strip of trees and shrubs around the pig farm - this is the most natural of all protective measures based on the fundamental principles of organic production. Conclusions. According to the results of analytical research, for the first time the measures on biological protection of pigs, safety of pig farms and environmental protection are summarized, taking into account EU standards for obtaining quality pig products. The procedure of biological protection of pigs is aimed at improving the physiological condition of animals and livestock productivity. The safety of pig farms is a set of practical measures aimed at preventing the spread of infection to the farm and controlling the spread of infection within the farm. Agricultural enterprises that have a significant impact on the environment are responsible for preventing and reducing the negative impact of their activities on the environment. The direction of livestock development, including pig breeding, namely the introduction of environmental requirements at different stages of implementation of modern technologies, the creation of farms adapted to EU regulations - this will ensure not only economic viability but also environmental and social responsibility of agribusiness in Ukraine. Key words: biological protection of pigs, EU regulatory requirements, environmental protection, resistance, pig breeding, pork, pig farm, technical means, technological measures.

Waste Control at Construction Project by Adopting Lean Management Tool for Quality Measurement Framework

Abstract: Lean manufacturing and lean construction have the same goals according to Paez et al. (2005): elimination of waste, cycle time reduction, and variability reduction. One of the ways of reaching the goals of lean construction is flow according to Paez et al. (2005). When trying to attain flow in construction one need to realize that there are differences between manufacturing and construction, which may make it difficult to attain the same flow between different processes, attained within manufacturing (Koskela, 1992). These differences are certain construction peculiarities such as one-of-a-kind projects, site production, temporary organization and regulatory intervention, aspects more common with construction projects than manufacturing. According to Koskela (1992) however, the same production principles apply and there is room for improvement when it comes to flow in the construction industry. By using lean thinking and lean tools and adapting them to the construction industry this master's thesis purpose is to develop a tool to identify and measure waste, guide in which order waste should be reduced and by this enabling estimations of potential consequences that might occur by implementing a lean approach at a construction site. This is of interest in order to bridge the research gap between conceptual lean construction and research based on empirical studies

Use of "Lean" Technologies in the Medical Examination of the Adult Population in the Ryazan Region

INTRODUCTION: The medical examination of the adult population is an important mechanism to preserve the labor potential of the country through the early detection of diseases and prevention of premature mortality. The active involvement of citizens in preventive measures and an increase in the availability of medical examinations are vectors in increasing the coverage of the population. One of the mechanisms for increasing availability is the use of "lean" technologies, which was realized in the Ryazan region as part of the project "Optimization of the Medical Examination Process".
 AIM: To evaluate the optimization of the medical examination of the adult population in the Ryazan region through the use of "lean" technologies.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The project was implemented based on a multidisciplinary clinical hospital with high planned tasks for the coverage of the adult population indicated for medical examination. In the implementation of the project, problems in the organization of the medical examination of the adult population were identified, maps of the current state and the target state were compiled, solutions to each identified problem were proposed, and a 4-month schedule of measures was made.
 RESULTS: The evaluation of the effectiveness of the project "Optimization of the Medical Examination Process" using "lean" technologies reduced the patient stay in the clinic by 1.7 times in the first stage of the medical examination and reduced the duration of this stage from 5 to 1.5 days. In the second stage, the total patient stay in the clinic was reduced two times, and the duration of this stage was reduced from 8 to 2 days. The throughput capacity of the pre-medical reception room of the medical prevention department increased from 48 to 100 people per day with a two-shift working schedule, which permitted fulfilling the planned annual tasks for medical examination by 100.0%.
 CONCLUSION: The successful experience of the introduction of the "lean" production principles in the medical examination of the adult population demonstrated increased effectiveness and availability of preventive measures for the population in the region.

Eco-friendly utilization of oilfield fracturing flow-back fluid and coal pitch for preparing slurry: Experiments and extended DLVO study

The fracturing flow-back fluid (FF), as the primary pollutant in oilfield exploitation, is challenging to handle because of the large output and complex components. In addition, large amounts of coal pitch (CP) are insufficiently utilized. In this study, based on the principle of clean production, three dispersants were employed to prepare CP-water slurry (CPWS) and CP-FF slurry (CPFS), which had the characteristics of high efficiency and low pollution. The feasibility of CPWS and CPFS and the influences of dispersants on their performance were systematically studied by measuring the viscosity, rheology and stability. Furthermore, the dispersion mechanisms of dispersants were investigated via adsorption, Zeta potential, and extended DLVO (EDLVO) theory. Results showed that replacing water with FF reduced the slurryability, while the stability was improved. The CPFS exhibited the shear-thinning characteristics, and the components in FF strengthened the pseudoplastic of slurry. Among the three dispersants, the adsorption capacity of AC-1215 was higher than that of PS and MF. And the inorganic salts in FF promoted the adsorption of dispersants. The calculation of interaction energies demonstrated that for CPFS without dispersant, the polar interaction energy played a dominant role, resulting in the aggregation of CP particles. The addition of AC-1215 maximized the total interaction energies (greater than zero) by introducing the steric hindrance energy, which was 1–4 orders of magnitude higher than other interaction energies.

The Use of Wood Pellets in the Production of High Quality Biocarbon Materials.

Biomass is one of the most important sources of renewable energy. One of the most widely used biomass biofuels is wood pellets. It is an economical, homogeneous and easy-to-use raw material. Biomass is used to generate low-emission energy utilizing the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis allows for higher energy efficiency with the use of commonly available substrates. This thesis presents the results of research on the possibility of using the pyrolysis process to produce high-energy biocarbons from wood pellets. Data on basic energy parameters and explosivity of biocarbon dust were compiled as criteria for the attractiveness of the solution in terms of energy utility. The research used pellets made of oak, coniferous, and mixed sawdust, which were subjected to a pyrolysis process with varying temperature and time parameters. Carbon, ash, nitrogen, hydrogen, volatile substances, heavy metals, durability and calorific value of the tested materials were carried out. The highest increase in calorific value was determined to be 63% for biocarbons obtained at 500 ℃ and a time of 15 min, compared with the control sample. The highest calorific value among all analyzed materials was obtained from coniferous pellet biocarbon at 31.49 MJ kg−1. Parameters such as maximum explosion pressure, Pmax, maximum pressure increase over time, (dp/dt)max, and explosion rates, Kst max, were also analyzed. It was noted that biomass pyrolysis, which was previously pelletized, improved the energy parameters of the fuel and did not increase the risk class of dust explosion. The lowest and highest recorded values of Kst max for the analyzed materials were 76.53 and 94.75 bar s−1, respectively. The study concluded that the process used for processing solid biofuels did not affect the increase in the danger of dust explosion. The results presented in this article form the basis for further research to obtain detailed knowledge of the safety principles of production, storage, transport and use of these new fuels.

Biofuel Production and Its Impact on Global Food Security: A Review Article

The aim of this study is to shed light on the importance of biofuels as an alternative to conventional energy, in addition to the importance of preserving agricultural crops, which are the main source of this fuel, to maintain food security, especially in developing countries. The increase in global oil prices, in addition to the fear of global warming, are among the main factors that draw the world’s attention to searching for alternative sources of traditional energy, which are sustainable on the one hand, and on the other hand reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, the volume of global investment in renewable energy in general, and in liquid biofuels and biomass in particular, has increased. Global fears emerged that the excessive conversion of large farms suitable for growing food to energy production would threaten global food security. In the first ten years of the new millennium, biofuel production increased fivefold, and the largest increase in biofuel production was recorded in 2007-2008, coinciding with a sharp rise in food prices. Compared to the average food prices in the period 2002-2004, the average global prices of cereals, oils and fats traded were 2 to 2.5 times higher in 2008, this continuous increase in the use of food crops to produce biofuels has reflected on global food security. Accordingly, this review article will address previous studies on biofuel production; identify the theoretical framework for the concept of biofuels and its characteristics, and the relationship between biofuels and food security. In this study, we presented biofuels, which are considered one of the important categories in the field of renewable energy and its environmental and economic effects, as well as the experiences of some countries in its production, and the possibility of benefiting from the natural resources available for its production. We will discuss the scientific (chemical) principles of biofuel production.

Biology: Motion is Function.

In 1966 Francis Crick declared that: “The ultimate aim of the modern movement in biology is to explain all biology in terms of physics and chemistry.” This motivated us to contemplate approaches that unify biology at a fundamental level. Exploration led us to consider the features of energy, entropy, and motion. Overall, it can be considered that motion of matter is the feature of life function. No motion. No function. In initial work we evaluated the hypothesis that the scope for biologic function is mediated mechanistically by a differential for energy transfer. Maximal treadmill running capacity served as a proxy for energy transfer. The span for capacity was estimated “biologically” by application of two-way artificial selection in rats for running capacity. Consistent with our “Energy Transfer Hypothesis” (ETH), low physical health and dysfunction segregated with low running capacity and high physical health and function segregated with high running capacity. The high energy yield of aerobic metabolism is also consonant with the ETH; that is, amongst the elements of the universe, oxygen is second only to fluorine in electronegativity. Although we deem these energy findings possibly correct, they are based on correlation and do not illuminate function via fundamental principles. For consideration of life, Entropy (2nd Law of thermodynamics) can be viewed as an open system that exchanges energy with the universe operating via nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The Principle of Maximal Entropy Production (MEP) states that: If a source of free energy is present, complex systems can intercept the free energy flow, and self-organize to enhance entropy production. The development of Benard convection cells in a water heat gradient demonstrate simplistic operation of MEP. A direct step forward would be to explain the mechanism of the obligatory motion of molecules for life function. Motion may be mediated by operation of “action at a distance” for molecules as considered by the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and confirmed by JS Bell. Magnetism, electricity, and gravity are also examples of action at a distance. We propose that some variant of “action at a distance” as directed by the property of Maximal Entropy Production (MEP) underwrites biologic motion.

Essay Assessment toward Determining the Writing Proficiency Level of STEM, HUMSS, and ABM Twelfth Graders

This descriptive- quantitative study is attached to the principles of Process and Product, and Error Analysis Approaches. Its ultimate aim is to identify the writing proficiency level of students enrolled in STEM, HUMSS, and ABM K-12 tracks. Significant differences among the three groups were also ascertained. In doing so, 75 Grade 12 students with 25 students from each of the three tracks took part who were tasked to develop an essay on a given topic. The evaluation was guided by the rubrics introduced by Robitaille and Connelly (2002) and its foci revolved on five components that include content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics Participation of two inter- raters was also be sought. The written outputs’ assessment revealed that with regard to content and organization, the three groups recorded a good to average writing proficiency level. The vocabulary proficiency noted down a fair to poor remark for STEM students, whereas good to average description was obtained by HUMSS and ABM students. Further, regarding language use, both STEM and ABM students have fair to poor adeptness, while HUMSS group was good to average. As to mechanics component, HUMSS students documented an excellent to very good proficiency while STEM and ABM students’ status is fair to poor. Overall, there is a significant difference among or within the three groups

Serial Unreading

This article develops a theory of serial reading rethought as a theory of serial unreading, a processual form of attention directed toward virtual principles of production, whether a procedure, formula, operation, algorithm, or even an obsessive compulsion. The material specificity of the series’ parts matter but only insofar as the concrete detail suggests its own unwinding, the virtual and nonlinear path to its current state. In other words, the value or facility of serial unreading includes rediscovering the rules governing the production of the work. Thus, unreading is not necessarily an end in itself. In fact, by dispersing and expanding our attentional field, acts of unreading make us better readers of nonserial works. In drawing our attention to their governing rules, operations, or patterns of production, serial works generate a primary principle of criticism: the impulse to reverse engineer the object. To show how this works, I examine three twentieth-century items—one series of minimalist drawings and two poetic works. By choosing a small cluster of examples I aim to mimic the oscillations of serial unreading, the way audiences are required to move from one member of the series to the transtextual techne that produced it. By withholding or abjecting the single finished object (often projecting divergent endlessness), serial art projects its governing intention in terms of techne—which subsists virtually along with the actual work as its formal and efficient cause—rather than deep expression. Moving quickly among individual works, I try to show how the feeling of navigating their expanded, multidirectional fields leads us on a cognitive path (whether we take it or not) toward criticism.

Lean Technology in Construction

Abstract: Since the 1940’s, lean production principles have evolved and were successfully implemented by Toyota Motor Company. Lean construction is a production and management-based approach to a project. An increasing number of construction academics and professionals are storming the ramparts of conventional construction management in an attempt to deliver better value to owners while making real profits. As a result, lean-based tools have emerged and are successfully applied to simple and sophisticated construction projects. Generally, lean construction projects are easier to manage, safer, completed sooner, cost less and are of higher quality. Thanks to the success of the lean production system in manufacturing the construction industry has adapted lean techniques to eliminate waste and increase profit. It is a way to design production system to minimize the wastage of material, time, and effort in order to generate the maximum possible amount of value. The main objective of this study is to analyze and implement the lean construction practices. Keywords: lean construction, economic, safe, construction management

МАNAGEMENT OF THE RANGE OF GOODS IN RETAIL TRADE

In the conditions of strengthening of competition in the consumer market both between the retail trade enterprises, and domestic and foreign trade networks special value is given to the assortment policy of the enterprise. The assortment policy ensures the achievement of the ultimate goals of the enterprise, connects the components of the commercial strategy and achieves the possibility of the most efficient management of resources. That is why the issues of formation, change and forecasting of the range do not lose relevance and require systematic research among other management problems. Assortment management issues require the synthesis of a large amount of information on the activities of the company and its competitors, on the volume and structure of production, prices and conditions of sale, regions and sales network, and so on. Despite the urgency and, consequently, the high level of development of this problem, it can not be considered solved, especially in terms of developing proposals for Ukrainian companies that are not confident enough not only in foreign markets but also in domestic. The article examines the importance and necessity of assortment policy, formulates product policy objectives, determines the influence of assortment product policy on the development of modern enterprises. The integrated requirement for an integrated approach to addressing the formation of the innovative policy principles of product and the implementation of its key functions in the field of trade entrepreneurship in the retail system. A guidance for efficiency increase of development of product policy of enterprises in contemporary market conditions was proposed.