Principles Of Prevention Research Articles

The fire hazards associated with BEVs

A key development trend in the global automotive industry is electromobility. In 2021, the number of newly registered BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles) will reach 10.5 million, and their share will rise to nearly 13%. By comparison, 351 thousand such vehicles were sold in 2015, while in 2010 – 7.3 thousand. According to forecasts by the International Energy Agency, by 2030, the zero-emission fleet could grow to 190 million, with 41 million BEVs registered in Europe. The European Union plans that just five years later, from 2035, no new cars and vans with internal combustion engines will be allowed to be registered in any member state. The nascent e-mobility market poses several new challenges and concerns related to, among other things, the fire of electric cars. The design differences between BEVs and their conventional counterparts make it likely that the risk factors affecting fire occurrence, progression, and extinguishment will differ. This article presents the most common causes of BEV fires, the procedure, and recommendations for extinguishing them. The solutions currently used to reduce such vehicles' ignition risk are also presented. From the considerations carried out in this paper, it is clear that fires in all-electric vehicles should be considered incidental, and external factors of an extreme nature most often contribute to their occurrence. Therefore, the correct direction is to disseminate reliable knowledge about the causes of such car fires, the risk of their occurrence, and the principles of fire prevention.

Asas-Asas Hukum Keluarga Islam

This article identifies the principles of family law contained therein. From the identification results, the principles of family law were found, namely the principle of freedom, the principle of protection and prevention, the principle of monogamy, the principle of responsibility and justice and the principle of legal certainty. Legal principles are important because truth is the basis for thinking and reasoning, especially in enforcing and implementing the law. Legal principles are the most important subsystem of the legal system and legal principles. Principles take precedence over a system of rules. This is not only because legal principles are more universal, but also because they reflect cultural values and messages that should be embodied in the supremacy of law. Legal principles can be used as a basis or justification for the formation of a legal regulation, or can represent the legal relationship of legal regulations, including the values, aspirations, ideas, social or ethical views that are formed. From an Islamic perspective, principles can be formed in the order of Islamic legal philosophy. The type of research that the author uses is library research with a qualitative descriptive research approach. The conclusion of this article is that legal principles are understood as the fundamental ideas behind a legal system, which are formulated in legal regulations and judges' decisions, and are the basis for making certain regulations and decisions.

The dangers of ionizing radiation that affect human safety and the environment :A review Article

The world is witnessing an increase in the spread of nuclear technology and the expansion of the use of radionuclide in industry, agriculture, medicine and other nuclear and radiological applications. This may be accompanied by an increase in accidents as the threat of potential risks from human exposure increases externally exposed to ionizing radiation and contamination of its internal organs with radionuclide. In order to protect people and workers from health harms associated with external exposure for ionizing radiation and indoor contamination with radionuclides, follow the principles of health prevention and control implementing rules and laws for the protection of ionizing radiation that ensure safety for humans and the environment reducing radiation risks.

GIS‐based crime hotspot mapping and its correlation with land use: A case study on assessment of CPTED principle

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between crime rate and land use, which reflects the principle of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) at the city level. Crime data for 2022 is taken for Surat city and regressed against various land uses and road networks. These land use and road networks depict three CPTED principles: natural surveillance, access control and activity support. First, crime hotspot mapping is done using various spatial interpolation methods, and relative comparison is done using the root mean square error value. The IDW method is found to be the most suitable method for hotspot mapping of Surat city. The result shows that residential, industrial and recreational land uses have a significant correlation with crime rates. Residential and industrial areas have a positive impact, whereas recreational spaces have a negative impact on crime rates. Increased road connectivity also has a positive correlation with crime rates. This study suggests that the crime rate varies with different land uses and road networks. Hence, CPTED principles do affect at the city level.

Polymorphic photodermatosis as a disease of failed apoptotic clearance in immune-mediated inflammation and the description of a clinical case

Polymorphic photodermatosis is the most common, acquired skin disease characterized by an abnormal, recurrent, and delayed response to sunlight.
 In this article, modern views on the etiology of pathogenesis are described clinical picture, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment and prevention of polymorphic photodermatosis. The pathogenesis of this disease is a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to photoantigens. The abnormal immune response has been attributed to the immunosuppressive effects of sunlight due to a breakdown in allergen tolerance and a disruption in the mechanisms of apoptosis.
 The main symptoms of the disease are erythema and highly itchy elements of skin lesions, which are very diverse, most often represented by macules, papules and vesicles, or vesiculo-bullous, urticarial, hemorrhagic rashes, hence the name of the disease polymorphic photodermatosis. Usually one morphology prevails in one patient. The article presents a clinical case and the results of their own observations.
 Studies of the pathogenesis of polymorphic photodermatosis have confirmed the presence of an abnormal immune response. The exact mechanism of immunosuppression caused by ultraviolet radiation and the relative contribution of UV-B and UV-A in healthy people are still unclear, but the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-10 and the depletion of Langerhans cells appear to be key phenomena.
 Diagnosis of the disease based on the clinical picture. The need for differential diagnosis of various forms of polymorphic photodermatosis is due to their clinical and sometimes histological similarity with other skin formations. For more accurate verification of the diagnosis, a biopsy of the examined skin area is possible, followed by histology. The histology of polymorphic photodermatosis is nonspecific, in accordance with the polymorphic clinical picture, as well as depending on the timing of the biopsy.
 Further studies of the pathological mechanisms underlying polymorphic photodermatosis may allow us to develop a more targeted approach to conservative treatment and prevention.

The Risk of Developing of Malnutrition and the Principles of Correction of Nutritional Status Disorders in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a severe hereditary disease with polysystemic manifestations and progressive course. Malnutrition in cystic fibrosis occurs as a result of exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas, an increase in energy losses in chronic inflammation in the bronchopulmonary system, manifested by increased stress on the respiratory system. The presented literature review highlights the modern principles of prevention and correction of malnutrition in children with cystic fibrosis, identifies the most promising methods for further development that correct nutritional status disorders. The review has shown that an active approach to nutrition at any age, the use of aggressive methods of nutritional support against the background of enzyme replacement therapy, timely and adequate therapy of respiratory tract pathology lead to an improvement in the indicators of nutritional status in cystic fibrosis. The most promising is the further development of targeted therapy, which allows, as a result of exposure to the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, to reduce the frequency and severity of bronchopulmonary exacerbations, partially restore the exocrine function of the pancreas, which is manifested in patients with cystic fibrosis by an increase in body weight and mass-growth index.

The Most Important Medical Theories and Works of Abu Sahl Masihi, an Iranian Scientist during the Golden Civilization of Islam

Abu Sahl Masihi is a physician, philosopher, mathematician, and famous astronomer of the first half of the 11th century AD. Some scientists have written that Abu Sahl was the master of Avicenna.This study aims to introduce him by using the most important medical theories and works of Abu Sahl Masihi.This library study has been carried out among the most important medical works of Abu Sahl Masihi. Common searches were performed on valid databases and papers. Abu Sahl did not agree with the detailed description of the treatment issues. He focused on the scientific and theoretical part of medicine including General basics and principles of prevention. In his medical works, Abu Sahl has explained the theoretical part in order and simply and the therapeutic part briefly. He has rejected other physicians' opinions that considered menstrual bleeding to be fetal food and thus ending it during menopause as a reason for termination of pregnancy and said that such blood that the body repels cannot be the source of fetal food. He considered the healthy blood of the mother's body as the source of fetal food. Like Aristotle, Abu Sahl has regarded the heart as the life force center, innate heat, and vital spirit. He also had a significant view of the heart structure and the vessels connected to it. We can introduce Abu Sahl as one of the pioneers of the theory of the beginning of digestion of food through the mouth due to being impregnated with saliva by the enzymes in the secretions of the digestive system. Despite the importance of Abu Sahl’s works, his writings have been less considered. It seems that more research on the noteworthy ideas of this great scientist is needed by scholars and researchers.

Perioperative hypothermia prevention: development of simple principles and practice recommendations using a multidisciplinary consensus-based approach

ObjectivesTo develop a consensus on evidence-based principles and recommendations for perioperative hypothermia prevention in the Australian context.DesignThis study was informed by CAN-IMPLEMENT using the ADAPTE process: (1) formation of a...

Isu Gender dan Kekerasan Seksual di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

Gender equality is equality between men and women in accessing opportunities and rights as human beings, performing functions and participating in political, legal, economic, cultural and social activities. education, society and defense and security of this development. Gender equality also includes eliminating discrimination and structural injustice against men and women. The issue of gender equality is especially linked to the issue of unequal status between women and men. This cannot be separated from the patriarchal culture that still exists in society, whereby men dominate the family structure, where historically, women were considered incapable of managing the area. their own work and work without male leadership. The causes of sexual violence in educational institutions are mainly due to lack of government attention and management. Second, the way of thinking is not uniform. Third, there are unequal power relationships. Fourth, lack of education about sex and social ethics. The prevention of sexual violence must be implemented at all levels, including in Islamic educational institutions. Mechanisms to prevent sexual violence by following the principle of prevention are systematically structured and targeted.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Combination Antibiotic Therapy for Recurrent Cystitis in Women

Background: Investigating the Effectiveness of Combined Antibiotic Therapy for Recurrent Cystitis in Females. A study was conducted on twenty women with recurrent cystitis who received combination antibiotic therapy. The primary outcome measure for cystitis was the absence of all clinical and laboratory indicators of infection. The secondary objective was to assess symptom improvement related to cystitis. The findings revealed that, after using the combination antibiotic medication, cystitis symptoms disappeared completely in 18 out of the 20 women (90%), while 2 women (10%) experienced symptom improvement. According to these results, combination antibiotic therapy seems safe and effective for women with recurrent cystitis. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the curative effects of combination antibiotic therapy in female repetitive cystitis (RC) patients who presented at the Main Gul Jehanzeb Hospital, Swat, during January 2018 and January 2019. Secondarily, we wanted to find out how well combination antibiotic therapy worked for female RC patients. Study Design: A retrospective study Duration and place of study: Main Gul Jehanzeb Hospital, Swat, from January 2018 to January 2019. Methods: A retrospective study of combination antibiotic therapy for curing recurrent cystitis in female patients was carried out at the Main Gul Jehanzeb Hospital, Swat, Pakistan. All women aged between 18 and 50 years who had a history of repeated cystitis, if they received medical treatment in the hospital's outpatient department during research periods and are outpatients now for one research visit, were included on this study. The drug cooperation mode of general practice co-operation network was used, while the principle of vaccination prevention was implemented to everyone for education against sexually transmitted diseases. In the clinic, clinical and laboratory diagnostics were utilized to make a comprehensive diagnosis and all cases were gave a standard questionnaire designed by research personnel. Phase 1 and Phase 2 of treatment: After a comprehensive medical history appraisal and physical examination, each patient received specific combination antibiotic therapy according to her diagnosis. The main purpose of our study was to obtain complete symptomatic remission of cystitis, as gauged by the absence of any clinical or laboratory evidence of infection. Additionally, a secondary object was to alleviate cystitis symptoms, or allay them to some extent. Results: In this study, 20 females who had RC were included. After receiving a combination of antibiotics, 18 of them (90%) had their cystitis symptoms completely eliminated, and the other 2 (10%) only had milder symptoms. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that combined antibiotic therapy is safe and effective as a treatment for female recurrent cystitis. In recurrent cystitis, most women obtain relief from their symptoms using mixed antibiotics. Keywords:Recurrent Cystitis, Combination Antibiotic Therapy, Women

Melanoma - risk factors and prevention strategies

Introductions and purpose: Melanoma is a malignant skin cancer, characterized by a very high rate of increase in the number of cases. The aim of this study is to analyze the key modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of melanoma and to discuss existing prevention strategies. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the "PubMed" database with the keywords "melanoma", "melanoma risk factors", "melanoma primary prevention" and “melanoma secondary prevention”. State of knowledge: Melanoma risk factors can be divided into two groups: modifiable and non-modifiable. The main modifiable factor is UV radiation. Non-modifiable risk factors include: genetic factors, phenotypic characteristics, age, gender, and the presence of melanocytic nevi. UV radiation is responsible for the incidence of 60-70% of melanomas. Reducing exposure to risk factors is crucial in primary prevention, while self-examination and medical examination are important in secondary prevention. Summary: Despite the very high rate of increase in the number of cases, morbidity and mortality associated with melanoma can be effectively reduced by adhering to the principles of primary and secondary prevention. Patient education is crucial to reduce exposure to modifiable factors and increase vigilance against new skin lesions.

ОХРАНА ЗДОРОВЬЯ РАБОТАЮЩЕГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ С ПОЗИЦИЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ И ВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ

The article presents a review of foreign literature on the main approaches to protecting the health of the working population from the standpoint of industrial and restorative medicine. The article discusses the problems associated with psychosocial risks and stressful impacts at work / production, substantiates the need to implement measures based on the principles of prevention, recovery and rehabilitation. It is emphasized that today, requirements for working conditions, control over production processes, the relationship between requirements in the field of health protection of workers and their labor protection, as well as psychosocial factors - uncertainty at work, distracting breaks, lack of team spirit and etc. The policy of the enterprise, relevant industries, and the state itself in the field of protecting the health and life safety of workers is of decisive importance for the health of the working population. Teamwork involves not only the participation of health and safety employees, but also the employees and employers themselves at the respective workplaces / production sites, as well as the involvement of third-party experts. Sustainable employment of the working population is associated, according to scientists, with such aspects as maintaining and restoring the health of workers, economic productivity, social utility and a favorable long-term outlook. Problems of risks for workers require an integrated approach to the development of measures aimed at primary prevention, including the prevention of overwork, changing the style and organization of work, strengthening and maintaining health in general. An approach is considered important for preserving and restoring the health of the working population when it is advisable to combine measures for the primary prevention of health disorders not only with measures to optimize the organization and working conditions, but also with modern technologies of preventive and restorative medicine.

Criminalization in Islamic Penal Code: A Study of Principles, Criminalization Methods, and Declining Variations

This study explores the principles and methods used by the al-Qur'an in criminalizing. The method used in this research is a library method with primary data obtained from the al-Qur'an and secondary data obtained from the tafsīr books, hadith ahkām, jinayāt books, and literature on criminal law, criminology, victimology, and relevant previous research findings. The result found that the principles used by the al-Qur'an in criminalizing an act are the principles of benefit, prevention, material legality, and transcendental principles. Two methods of criminalization are used: (1) the texts of the al-Qur'an and the Hadith itself, which state that this action must be punished; (2) determined in one of three ways. (a) al-Qur'an and Hadith stipulate that this act is hazardous for society; (b) based on common sense considerations that the act could disturb public order; and (c) the act constitutes a preliminary offense for a more significant and more dangerous offense. Furthermore, it is found that the variant of the ta'zīr offense includes offenses that are related to morality, sexual crimes, crimes against religion, crimes against the body, crimes against property, crimes related to family/descent, disturbing public order, environmental crime, fraud and forgery, and traffic offense.

СОЗНАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ОПТИМИЗМ КАК ИСКУССТВО ЖИТЬ И УМЕНИЕ МЫСЛИТЬ

The phenomenon of conscious optimism, which is the subject of this study, is the ability and readiness of an employee to fruitfully influence their own thinking, respectively, on professional activities, decisions, behavior and actions. The tactics of formation of conscious optimism among employees of EMERCOM of Russia are substantiated. The specificity of its formation in a departmental educational organization is shown. Conscious optimism seems to be a state of mind associated with belief in the effectiveness of one's own actions aimed at creation, as the basis for the formation of positive thinking, and, consequently, behavior. It is emphasized that the development of a professional requires the implementation of the principles of prevention of cognitive helplessness proposed by the authors, as well as norms, rules, attitudes and value orientations that allow regulating the internal and external activity of an employee, at the same time, the long-term tasks of developing conscious optimism among employees of EMERCOM of Russia should not be sacrificed to today's, topical, urgent problems and difficulties.

Do clinical practice guidelines follow sustainable healthcare principles? A review of respiratory guidance

Background Respiratory care is an important site for climate action, given that common treatments for conditions such as asthma and COPD produce significant greenhouse gas emissions, even as respiratory health is negatively impacted by climate change. Clinical guidelines provide key information for healthcare professionals and can promote approaches to healthcare that can mitigate negative environmental impacts, and optimise patient treatment, care delivery, and equitable outcomes, and bring awareness and legitimacy to sustainable healthcare practices. Methods Twenty national and international clinical respiratory guidelines were purposively selected and screened for inclusion of four principles of sustainable clinical practice: prevention, patient empowerment and self-care, lean service delivery, and low carbon alternatives. A screening framework specific to respiratory care implications was developed and used to review each guideline for mention of relevant topics, recommendations, and explicit links to sustainability in relation to each principle. Findings Sustainable clinical care principles were evident in most guidelines reviewed, environmental sustainability was mentioned infrequently. Many guidelines emphasised prevention (more secondary than primary) and support for patient preference and streamlining care, yet there was rarely mention of how these recommendations could contribute to lowering the environmental impacts of health systems. Low carbon alternatives were mentioned in only three guidelines. Conclusions While many clinical respiratory guidelines make recommendations in accordance with the principles of prevention, patient empowerment and self-care, and lean service delivery, reducing the carbon footprint of healthcare was rarely mentioned in the guidelines. Including explicit attention to the environmental impact of clinical care in guidance could support efforts to reduce the wider harms of healthcare, meanwhile, noting the clinical benefits of sustainable approaches could promote the uptake of recommendations.

АНАТОМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗУБНЫХ АЛЬВЕОЛ НИЖНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ ПЛОДА В ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОМ ПЛОДНОМ ПЕРИОДЕ ОНТОГЕНЕЗА ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Fundamental research on human fetal anatomy today has serious applied significance for the 
 implementation of the principles of prediction and prevention of congenital pathology. The aim is to give an 
 anatomical characteristic of the dental alveoli of the mandible of the fetus in the intermediate fetal period of 
 human ontogenesis. Materials and methods. 110 lower jaws of human fetuses of the second trimester of 
 different sex were studied using ultrasound scanning and morphological techniques. Results. In the body of 
 69
 the mandible, dental alveoli can be visualized using morphological techniques throughout the intermediate 
 fetal period of ontogenesis and by ultrasound scanning from week 19 of intrauterine development in an amount 
 of 8-10. The average sizes of the dental alveoli are 2.2±0.6 mm for medial incisors, 2.3±0.7 mm for lateral 
 incisors, 2.4± 0.7 mm for canines, and 3.3±1.0 mm for molars. Dental alveoli of the lower jaw in fetuses from 
 14 to 28 weeks of fetal development grow with a growth intensity range of 57.8-83.3%. The incisors and 
 canines change heterochronously from 14 to 23 weeks of gestation with a growth rate of IR=51-52.6%, from 
 24 to 27 weeks of pregnancy with a growth rate of 34%-34.5%. The dental alveoli of molars are characterized 
 by uniform growth. Conclusion. The anatomical features of the structure of dental alveoli have been estab lished, which can be used as additional markers for the detection of congenital pathology of the fetus during a 
 screening study of pregnant women. Keywords: dental alveolus, mandible, fetus, intermediate fetal period, 
 ultrasound scanning method, morphological techniques

Development of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Promotion Model in a High-Risk Population for Cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand: An Action Research.

This study aimed to develop a model for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in Thailand's high-risk population for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Action research was used as a guiding framework for model development. Participants were divided into groups for process development and evaluation. Group discussions and practice notes were utilized as tools for process development. Data were collected through questionnaires. Qualitative data were categorized and analyzed using content analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze quantitative data. The model development process, following the PAOR framework (Planning, Action, Observation, Reflection), involved fruit and vegetable consumption promotion. The model, named the "NONGBO NO-CCA Model" included various components: active involvement of villagers in planning, objective sharing of experiences and brainstorming to identify CCA prevention strategies, establishment of networks to support community healthcare, enhancement of community self-reliance through utilization of local resources, and encouragement of chemical-free and environmentally friendly fruit and vegetable cultivation. Following model development, at-risk individuals demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in knowledge, attitude, and practice (p<0.001). The findings indicate that at-risk individuals exhibited improvements in knowledge, attitude, and practice. Knowledge gains may be attributed to educational training activities, improved attitudes may result from networking processes, and modifications in practice behaviors may be influenced by community participation. Therefore, active involvement in community development can serve as a guiding principle for effective proactive CCA prevention.

A novel major accidents evolution model and its application in Chinese industrial accident

The accident mortality rate of major accidents (MAs) show that China is still in the bottleneck period of accident prevention and control. To further promote the MAs prevention and control, this paper presents a novel major accidents evolution model from the theoretical perspective of information processing (IP). Firstly, based on the safety science paradigm of accident prevention and the emergency management paradigm of accident control, a safety information processing (SIP) process is proposed. Secondly, established the SIP model for different stages of accident prevention and control, which involves danger information processing (DIP), potential hazard information processing (PHIP), risk information processing (RIP), and emergency information processing (EIP). Thirdly, revealed the SIP of various management subject and the failure principle of accident prevention and control, that is, MAs occur under the premise of continuous failures of DIP, PHIP, RIP, and EIP under the social-technical system. Finally, the DPRE-IP model is proposed from the whole evolution path of “danger-potential hazard-risk-accident”. To demonstrate the viability of the model, this model is applied to the “6·13” Wenling major explosion accident. The results show that the proposed DPRE-IP model can provide new ideas for the formulation of accident prevention and control measures and accident analysis.

Carrier screening programs for rare diseases in developed countries and the case of Turkey: A systematic review.

Effective control of rare diseases requires health programs based on principles of protection and prevention. Carrier screening programs serve as preventive measures by identifying at-risk groups. This review examines the impact, implementation, advantages, and disadvantages of carrier screening, incorporating examples from ten countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Israel, China, Australia, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Turkey. Data on carrier screening and related policies were collected from July to November 2022 and presented in a tabular format using a coding system devised by the authors. Variability was observed in the diseases/disorders and populations screened, screening expenses, and government provision across the countries. The number of diseases/disorders examined, ranging from 3 to 47, was determined by committee guidelines, government resources, pilot studies, and national institute resources. Notably, carrier screening programs exhibited greater worldwide inconsistency compared to newborn screening programs. The comparative analysis of developed countries serves to guide emerging nations. To address inequalities at both local and global levels, there is a need to enhance the establishment, development, and implementation of carrier screening programs. Furthermore, cost analyses of screening should be conducted, and adequate funding should be allocated to countries. In conclusion, this review highlights the preventive potential of carrier screening for rare diseases and emphasizes the importance of improving carrier screening programs globally to achieve equitable healthcare outcomes.

Ubuntu: An Underutilised Foundational Constitutional Principle of South African Environmental Law

Ubuntu: An Underutilised Foundational Constitutional Principle of South African Environmental Law