Principle Of Political Equality Research Articles

Peran PKS Menjadikan Masyarakat Lebih Beretika dan Bermoral Dalam Berpolitik

Democracy is a word that always fills the conversation of all levels of society, from the lower class to the elite class, namely community leaders, politicians, students, scholars, etc. In addition, democracy is believed to be an alternative value system that develops at the intersection of human life and society, even the state. Democracy is a school of philosophy, namely a school that studies the origins of political power in a country based on the general will of the people. In this case, the nation can be described as a rule of law that evokes the general will and animates the contents of democracy. Following the democratic system, power in the country is in the hands of the people themselves, basically democracy comes from the people, is governed by the people and benefits all the people. From an organizational point of view, democracy means the organization of the State which is carried out by the people themselves or with the consent of the people because sovereignty is in the hands of the people. Another opinion states that democracy is a political system which shows that public policies are determined on the basis of a majority by representatives who are effectively supervised by the people in periodic elections based on the principle of political equality and are held in an atmosphere of guaranteed political freedom. Keywords : social justice party, society, ethics, morals, politics.

Stability and disruptive speech

Stability and disruptive speech

Peran PKS Menjadikan Masyarakat Lebih Beretika dan Bermoral Dalam Berpolitik

Democracy is a word that always fills the conversation of all levels of society, from the lower class to the elite class, namely community leaders, politicians, students, scholars, etc. In addition, democracy is believed to be an alternative value system that develops at the intersection of human life and society, even the state. Democracy is a school of philosophy, namely a school that studies the origins of political power in a country based on the general will of the people. In this case, the nation can be described as a rule of law that evokes the general will and animates the contents of democracy. Following the democratic system, power in the country is in the hands of the people themselves, basically democracy comes from the people, is governed by the people and benefits all the people. From an organizational point of view, democracy means the organization of the State which is carried out by the people themselves or with the consent of the people because sovereignty is in the hands of the people. Another opinion states that democracy is a political system which shows that public policies are determined on the basis of a majority by representatives who are effectively supervised by the people in periodic elections based on the principle of political equality and are held in an atmosphere of guaranteed political freedom.
 Keywords: Social Justice Party, Society, Ethics, Morals, Politics

Steady Habits in the Constitution State: Connecticut's Inequitable System of Representation, 1639–1965

Steady Habits in the Constitution State: Connecticut's Inequitable System of Representation, 1639–1965

Political participation, social inequalities, and special veto powers

The retreat of socially disadvantaged people from the democratic process, which can be observed for some time now, is a symptom of the decreasing ability of Western societies to integrate its citizenry. This retreat poses a serious threat to democracy and must be regarded as a feature of a post-democratic constellation. It not only runs counter to the core democratic principle of political equality, but also has a tendency to strengthen the decline of social equality. Against this background, the article discusses alternative ways of participation which aim to reintegrate socially disadvantaged people in the democratic process. In this light, the author argues in favor of the idea of granting veto rights to disadvantaged people and concludes that it is fruitful to work within the contours of experimental democracy.

Political Equality and the Regulation of Election Spending by Parallel Campaigners

The regulation of political finance, including the funding of political parties and election campaigns, remains contentious in many democracies. A particular focus of debate has been the regulation of ‘parallel campaigners’– that is, non-candidate and non-party political actors – wanting to influence the election outcome by bringing to bear their economic resources. Drawing on both recent unsuccessful and current attempts at reforming the regulation of election spending by parallel campaigners in New Zealand, this paper explores the conflict between the democratic right to freedom of expression and the idea that all citizens should have a fair opportunity for effective political influence. It is argued that Joshua Cohen's principle of political equality, which entails the balancing of these two values, provides a justifiable framework for regulating political finance, including parallel campaign expenditures, in liberal democracies.

DEMOCRATIC THEORY AND PRACTICE IN DEEPLY DIVIDED SOCIETIES

Political scientists have had a great deal to say about the prospects for democracy in deeply divided societies. Yet this article defends the view that political theorists also have a vital, if too often overlooked, role to play in terms of defining larger normative goals and purposes. To make this case, I focus specifically on the principle of political equality. Throughout, however, my guiding assumption is that normative prescriptions inevitably imply empirical questions.

Equality and Exclusion: the Racial Constitution of Colonial Liberalism

In his path-breaking study, A Colonial Liberalism: The Lost World of Three Victorian Visionaries (1991), Stuart Macintyre makes a case for the distinctiveness of colonial liberalism and its local habitat, with liberals' insistence on the principle of political equality and the democratic right of self-government. Macintyre's three visionaries — Higinbotham, Pearson and Syme — were also leading crusaders against Chinese immigration, which peaked in Victoria in the 1850s, the decade in which self-government and manhood suffrage were introduced. The local habitat wore a racial aspect. In this essay I suggest that it was precisely the democratic ideal of equality, espoused in the context of Chinese immigration and colonial nation-building, that led to the insistence on racial exclusion. Colonial liberals called for racial exclusion because of, not in spite of, their commitment to democracy. The apparent paradox of a policy of exclusion promoted in the name of equality was, I suggest, definitive of the project of colonial liberalism.

Democratization in turmoil? Elections in Hong Kong

The first SAR Chief Executive, Tung Chee‐hwa, in his speech at the SAR Establishment Ceremony, said: ‘Democracy is the hallmark of a new era for Hong Kong. The SAR Government will resolutely move forward to a more democratic form of government in accordance with the provisions in the Basic Law’. Butler, Penniman and Ranney, however, cautioned that ‘the critical difference between democratic and nondemocratic regimes is to be found in whether or not they hold elections, and if they do, what kind’. Indeed, electoral changes made to the 1998 LegCo elections are found to be anti‐democratic and retrogressive, as well as unnecessary. The authors conclude that electoral systems matter because they are one of the central mechanisms in modern democracies to give substance and content to democratic governance. If electoral systems are designed in such a manner that they obstruct the exercise of popular sovereignty, ride rough‐shod over the principle of political equality, undermine the extent of representation, complicate relationships of accountability as well as delimit opportunities for participation, then such systems should have little place in genuine democratic reform. To bring Hong Kong's democratization forward, a hard look at the electoral system, which should be more informed by the principles and practices of democracy will be mandatory.