Principles Of Justice Research Articles

Adaptation of Islamic Criminal Law in Facing Digital Economic Crime in the Era of Technological Disruption

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly impacted various aspects of life, including the economy, but it has also given rise to complex digital economic crimes. This research examines the adaptation of Islamic criminal law in facing the challenges of digital economic crimes, such as online fraud, money laundering, and skimming. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on literature and official documents. The research findings indicate that Islamic criminal law needs to update its definitions and classifications of crimes to include actions in the digital space and apply principles of justice, prevention, rehabilitation, legal certainty, and limitations on punishment. In addition, using technology in law enforcement and international cooperation is crucial in addressing transnational crime. With a comprehensive approach, Islamic criminal law can serve as an effective tool in creating a safer and more just society in the era of technological disruption.

Social Power May Enhance Workplace Initiative: An Experimental Investigation Among Two Samples.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to voluntary actions members take to benefit organizational function. However, the benefits of OCB for organizations are sometimes countered by detriments for employees who exhibit them, resulting in threats to organizational members' psychological wellbeing. The present research examined whether social power-the perceived ability to control allocations and outcomes in a social hierarchy-could increase OCB endorsement while buffering against negative personal costs. Indeed, manipulated social power enhanced OCB endorsement. This effect was mediated by increased positive affect and goal seeking among participants assigned to a high-power condition relative to participants assigned to a low-power condition. Further, participants assigned to a high-power (vs. low-power) condition did not report increased occupational burden despite their greater OCB endorsement. Patterns of results were similar among a sample of community members (N = 149; Mage = 37 years) and a sample of university students (N = 129; Mage = 20 years). Organizations might empower members by employing procedural justice principles that facilitate members' meaningful contributions to workplace operations.

Should the current radiation protection paradigm and its recommendations be modified to make them more fit to protect the public in future nuclear emergencies?

The present radiation protection paradigm and its associated recommendations as developed by bodies such as the ICRP have performed very well over past decades both for those occupationally exposed to radiation and for the public in planned exposures. There is, however, growing evidence that the role played by this paradigm in the decision-making process to protect the public in nuclear emergencies in the past may have, unwittingly and unintentionally, caused more harm than good to some sections of the public. This seems to have been the case in the use of population evacuation as the principal protection response to the Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) accidents. There is thus a need to develop improved guidelines or tools on how to apply radiation protection recommendations for the public compatible with the Principle of Justification in the event of any future major radiation emergencies. It can also be argued that the present radiation protection paradigm, with its emphasis primarily on the physical health detriments from radiation, should be more inclusive and needs to shift to a more holistic or total health approach than heretofore to include mental health effects associated with nuclear emergencies. For severe mental health effects, some of the consequences, such as suicide, can even be as or more severe than most physical detriments likely to be suffered by those affected.

A principles-based community health center for addressing refugee health: the New Canadians Health Centre

The provision of timely and comprehensive healthcare is a fundamental aspect of resettlement for refugees, who often experience critical unmet health needs. In Canada, this includes connecting refugees with primary care providers to treat acute health conditions, as well as to provide longitudinal and preventative care. However, refugee access to healthcare is often complicated by numerous barriers, such as difficulty navigating health services, financial constraints, language barriers, discrimination, and limited access to physicians. Due to these unmet health needs and barriers to access, there has been a need for dedicated primary healthcare models for refugees that provide integrated and culturally safe care. In response, a refugee community health center, the New Canadians Health Centre (NCHC), was established in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada in 2021. The NCHC operates through an innovative, principles-based model that delivers interdisciplinary primary healthcare services to refugees that are culturally safe, include clients as partners in their care, and are grounded in principles of social justice, equity, and inclusion. Early and effective healthcare services are needed to address the health of refugees; however, there is a lack of research on the development and implementation of dedicated refugee health service models. This paper addresses this gap by providing an in-depth account of the opening of the NCHC as a principles-based community health center for refugees, including the process by which it was established in response to local needs and the development of its principles-based model for supporting refugee health. This community case description will support the development and implementation of other dedicated models for refugee health, and comes at a critical time in which there are rapidly growing refugee populations in Canada and internationally.

Review of Islamic Economic Ethics on Empowerment of Zakat, Infak and Sedekah Funds Through Scholarship Program at Rumah Zakat

Indonesia is a country with a Muslim majority. Where zakat is obligatory for Muslims. The potential of zakat funds is also quite large to improve the welfare of all people. The distribution and utilization of zakat is very important and must be distributed fairly and correctly in accordance with Islamic law. A trustworthy Zakat Amil Institution (LAZ) is needed to collect and distribute zakat funds, such as Rumah Zakat which has been established for 26 years to collect and distribute zakat funds. There are many zakat fund empowerment programs at Rumah Zakat, such as the empowerment of zakat, infaq and alms for education through champion school scholarships. In empowering ZIS funds, Rumah Zakat is in accordance with the principles of Islamic economic ethics. Therefore, researchers are interested in analyzing the review of Islamic economic ethics in the empowerment of zakat, infaq and alms funds through scholarship programs at Rumah Zakat. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, as well as interviews. The results of this study are a review of Islamic economic ethics in the empowerment of zakat, infak and sedekah funds through scholarship programs at Rumah Zakat which are in accordance with the principles of Islamic economic ethics, namely tauhid (the oneness of God), justice (al-'adl), welfare (maslahah) and amanah (responsibility). And have distributed scholarships to asnaf fakir, poor, amil, ibnu sabil, fisabilillah and gharimin.

A queer feminist posthuman framework for bioethics: on vulnerability, antimicrobial resistance, and justice.

In this paper, I discuss the bioethical principle of justice and the bioethical key concept of vulnerability, in a queer feminist posthuman framework. I situate these contemplations, philosophical by nature, in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one the most vicious moral problems of our time. Further, I discuss how gender and sexual variance, vulnerability and justice manifest in AMR. I conclude by considering my queer feminist posthuman framework for vulnerability and justice in relation to the notion of antibiotic vulnerabilities, suggesting a lacuna for further AMR research.

ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF MALANG RAYA MOSQUES IN THE RELIGIOUS MODERATION PROGRAM

<p>This article aims to assess the feasibility of Malang Raya mosques in the Religious Moderation Program through the perspective of Durkheim, Parsons, and Merton’s functionalist sociological theories. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilizes a case study methodology across multiple sites, specifically Al-Ghozali Mosque (Islamic education institution area), Al-Mukhlisin Mosque (residential area), and Al-Barokah Mosque (housing area). The findings align with four indicators of religious moderation: First, all three mosques fulfill the National Commitment standards based on empirical data related to organic solidarity that fosters a functional society, as evidenced by the manifest and latent functions exhibited by the mosques in the context of national commitment (Mu’ahadah Wataniyyah) and adherence to laws (Dusturiyyah). Second, the mosques meet the tolerance standards through their affiliations with mass organizations, namely Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyyah, which have historically demonstrated tolerance (Tasamuh), as well as the principle of justice (‘Adliyyah) upheld through financial transparency and accountability. Third, the mosques satisfy the anti-violence standards through programs promoting care and compassion (Rahamutiyyah) for women, children, the elderly, orphans, and the impoverished, alongside the active involvement of women (Mubadalah) in mosque activities, mainly as educators and staff at Al-Qur’an Learning Centre (Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an or TPQ) affiliated with the mosque. Fourth, the mosques adhere to the standards for acceptance of tradition through activities that reflect local traditional values (‘Urfiyyah), such as the mosque's architectural style; humanity (Insaniyyah), exemplified by economic assistance for disaster victims; and public welfare (Maslahah), demonstrated by their concern for the rights of road users.</p>

Understanding BNS Sections 238 and 61(2): Evidence Tampering, Supplying False Information to Protect a Criminal, and Police Accountability

This paper provides a detailed analysis of Sections 238 and 61(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), focusing on the implications of tampering with evidence or providing false information to protect a criminal, especially concerning the responsibilities of police officers. Those who deliberately obliterate, remove, destroy or conceal evidence related to a crime or offer false information to shield an offender face penalty under Section 238 BNS, where the severity varies based on the nature of the offence, potentially resulting in a prison sentence of up to seven years and a fine. In addition, Section 61(2) BNS in this regard addresses issues related to criminal conspiracy between two or more persons in order to destroy or temper with evidence or furnish false information to shield a criminal from arrest or criminal liability and stipulates punishment commensurate with the seriousness of the offence. It also underscores the importance of investigating police officers' safety and the need to adhere to ethical and investigative standards. The study highlights the crucial role of honesty and transparency within law enforcement to promote accountability and uphold the principles of justice.

Implementing Facial Recognition Technology in a University Setting: An Organizational Justice Perspective

Facial recognition technology (FRT) has become widespread in society, and its adoption in organizational settings is viewed as a natural continuation of established surveillance practices. However, concerns and resistance to FRT often arise due to controversial applications and improper use. This study contributes to the understanding of FRT in organizational contexts by conducting semi-structured interviews in a university that illustrates the larger themes of organizational justice and the ethical complexities surrounding the deployment of this technology. Drawing on organizational justice theory, we analyze users’ attitudes towards FRT deployment, their perceptions of organizational justice, and if and how the deployment adhered to or violated organizational justice principles. Our study revealed that this implementation case violated all aspects of organizational justice. Users expressed concerns regarding face capture, potential discrimination, authoritarian practices, and harm to community norms. We also provide recommendations to address organizational justice issues associated with implementing new, controversial technologies, considering technology acceptability perspectives.

Implementation of Religious Moderation Values at Marhalah Tsanawiyah TMI Putra Al-Amien Prenduan Sumenep in 2022

Religious moderation emphasizes balance, tolerance and justice to avoid extremism and radicalism. This principle supports democracy and the constitution, and values diversity. Education in the values of religious moderation ensures that young people are not exposed to radical ideologies and helps maintain harmony and peace in society. Therefore, the aim of this research is: To find out the value of implementing the value of religious moderation for TMI Al-Amien Prenduan marhalah Tsanawiyah students. to find out how to implement the value of religious moderation for TMI Al-Aimen Prenduan's Marhalah Tsanawiyah Putra students. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data sourced from primary data and secondary data, as well as data collection techniques used in the form of observations, interviews and documentation, while the data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of research on Islamic education moderation are relevant because the majority of Muslims in Indonesia support democracy and do not conflict with the country's constitution. Moderation in Islam is the key to facing radicalism and aims to maintain compliance with the rules and respect Indonesia's diversity. The principles of justice, balance, and tolerance in Islamic moderation are important for maintaining independence. Moderation education also plays a role in preventing radicalism in the younger generation which is often misunderstood as jihad.

Human Trafficking In The Islamic View (Comparative Study Of Al-Azhar And Al Misbah Interpretation)

This study aims to examine and compare Islamic views on human trafficking based on two prominent tafsir works, namely Tafsir Al-Azhar by Buya Hamka and Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab. Human trafficking, as a form of modern slavery, is a global problem that is very contrary to human values. From an Islamic perspective, protection of human dignity and rights is strongly emphasized, including the prohibition of all forms of human exploitation. Tafsir Al-Azhar, with a contextual and sociological approach, emphasizes the importance of maintaining human honor and freedom and condemns slavery in the socio-cultural context of Indonesia. On the other hand, Tafsir Al-Misbah, with a linguistic and historical approach, highlights human trafficking as a violation of the principles of justice and humanity in Islamic teachings. This study found that although the two tafsirs have different approaches, both are in line in the view that human trafficking is an act that is prohibited in Islam and contrary to the universal values taught by the Qur'an.

The Role of Ethics Committees in Charity Care Allocation.

Hospital ethics committees (HECs) traditionally focus on clinical ethics but are increasingly recognized for their potential role in addressing organizational ethics, particularly in the allocation of charity care resources. This commentary explores the expanded role of HECs in charity care allocation, emphasizing the core ethical principles of justice, transparency, and accountability. We discuss the need for HECs to develop expertise in organizational ethics, differentiate between emergency and chronic resource allocation, and apply value-based insurance design principles to set service boundaries. By adopting an egalitarian approach to justice, HECs can help reduce health disparities and ensure equitable access to charity care. Enhanced transparency and accountability through clear criteria, regular audits, and public reporting are also vital. This paper underscores the importance of integrating these ethical principles into healthcare resource allocation to promote health equity and maintain the financial sustainability of healthcare institutions.

Auto-Ethnography, Action Research and Reflections on Home, Resistance and Survival

ABSTRACT Marginalised, minoritised, sexualised and racialised individuals often find themselves in positions where they are victimised, brutalised, demoralised and expected to justify their very existence. Global scholars have employed qualitative, ethnographic, anti-racist and feminist research approaches that focus on acknowledging and removing, not rearranging, unequal and violently oppressive social norms and cultural traditions. Many, whose works are shared here, have demonstrated that it is possible to debunk oppressive stereotypes in opposition to various forms of repression and oppression. This debunking makes space for addressing (through policy and law) the everyday brutal, supremacist, patriarchal, misogynistic practices (such as the accounts of gender based violence and femicide that I share). The aim here is to present auto-ethnography, action research and reflection as part of a body of work that embraces the need, and right, to make public the oftentimes demeaning and violent personal and professional experiences that have been accommodated and normalised within institutions claiming to be nurturing, democratic and adhering to principles of social justice and equity at local, national and global levels.

Impact assessment framework of just energy transition: based on the justice principles

Impact assessment framework of just energy transition: based on the justice principles

Climate Justice and the Moral Relevance of the Past

Axel Gosseries’s What is Intergenerational Justice? (2023) is a splendid book.  It provides an introduction to the topic of intergenerational justice that is accessible and an excellent guide to someone unfamiliar with the issues.  At the same time it has much of interest to those who are well versed in these debates.  It has rich and illuminating discussions of, among other things, what principles of justice should govern how people treat future generations, environmental sustainability, climate change, and the implications of our impacts on future people for ideals of democratic legitimacy and normative theorizing about institutional design.   In this article I want to focus on Gosseries’s analysis of climate change.  His chapter on climate justice is rich and nuanced and covers a considerable amount of ground.  I shall focus on one issue in particular.  One key feature of climate change is that the problem has, in part, been caused by the actions of previous generations.  Human beings emitted very low quantities of greenhouse gases for centuries.  However, from the 19th century onwards emissions of greenhouse gases started to rise and increased dramatically throughout the 20th century and the first decades of this century.  One question that arises is: When we are considering what duties current generations have to mitigate climate change, what normative significance should we attach to the climate-endangering activities of people in the past?  Should those alive now pay for the ways in which past members of their country have harmed the climate system?  Many climate campaigners appeal to an idea of historical responsibility.  Are they right to do so?  In this article I shall analyse Gosseries’s discussion of these questions.

Merit, Need, Entitlement? Investigating Fairness of Housing Evaluations

Abstract The article empirically investigates how individuals evaluate unequal housing conditions with respect to the distributive justice principles of merit, need, and status entitlement. Also addressed is the “double standards” hypothesis. The data stem from an online survey fielded to a random sample of the population of a mid-sized German city (N = 1,154). In a factorial survey experiment, respondents rated example residential constellations of fictitious persons with respect to their perceived fairness. The vignettes varied merit-, need-, and entitlement-related factors, and housing conditions. The findings show that respondents take these justice principles into account when making judgments about fair housing, and that need-related factors (having children) are more important than merit (professional performance). Further, there are double standards of the form that performance is applied differently based on the gender and occupational status of fictitious residents. The article finishes by discussing issues that should be addressed by future work and calls for more empirical studies on fairness of housing evaluations.

Human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge in Islamic thought: Insights from the Quran

This research examines the interplay between human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge within Islamic thought, using insights from the Quran. It explores how Islamic epistemology emphasizes the harmonious integration of divine revelation and human reason, underscoring the importance of knowledge as a key factor in both intellectual and spiritual development. By analyzing the contributions of classical Islamic scholars, such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali, alongside Western epistemological traditions, the study highlights complementary and contrasting approaches to understanding knowledge and its role in shaping ethics and governance. Furthermore, the research draws on contemporary case studies, such as the Marrakesh Declaration and Masdar City, to illustrate how Quranic principles of cooperation, justice, and environmental stewardship can inform modern societal frameworks. Ultimately, the study argues for the continued relevance of Islamic thought in addressing contemporary global challenges, emphasizing that the pursuit of knowledge not only advances scientific discovery but also promotes human dignity, justice, and societal well-being.

Navigating the legal uncertainty around the governance of an integrated energy system using the values of the energy transition and energy justice

AbstractIn order to realise the European Union's (EU) transition to clean and carbon‐neutral energy systems, various individual infrastructure systems and energy networks will have to coordinate and operate as an integrated energy system. Traditionally, these different infrastructure systems operate within their own sectors and are governed by separate legal regimes. The intersection of these different legal rules and interests creates regulatory uncertainty and risk for infrastructure operators and can dissuade operators from participating in system integration. This paper explores how infrastructure operators can overcome the legal uncertainty and regulatory risks of operating as an integrated system, whilst also ensuring that the policy objectives of the energy transition are realised. This paper argues that, by pursuing public values and energy justice principles, infrastructure operators will overcome the legal uncertainty surrounding system integration. By doing so, infrastructure operators will facilitate the realisation of an energy transition that is just, inclusive and in the public interest.

The effects of fair allocation principles on energy system model designs

Abstract What constitutes socially just or unjust energy systems or transitions can be derived from the philosophy and theories of justice. Assessments of distributive justice and utilising them in modelling lead to great differences based on which justice principles are applied. From the limited research so far published in the intersection between energy systems modelling and justice, we find that comparisons between the two principles of utilitarianism and egalitarianism dominate in assessments of distributive justice, with the latter most often considered representing a 'just energy system'. The lack of recognition of alternative and equally valid principles of justice, resting on e.g. capabilities, responsibilities and/or opportunities, leads to a narrow understanding of justice that fails to align with the views of different individuals, stakeholders and societies. More importantly, it can lead to the unjust design of future energy systems and energy systems analysis. 
 
In this work, we contribute to the growing amount of research on distributive justice in energy systems modelling by assessing the implications of different philosophical views on justice on modelling results. Through a modelling exercise with a power system model for Europe (highRES), we explore different designs of a future (2050) net-zero European electricity system, and its distributional implications based on the application of different justice principles. In addition to the utilitarian and egalitarian approach, we include, among others, principles of 'polluters pay' and 'ability-to-pay', which take historical contributions of greenhouse gas emissions and the socio-economic conditions of a region into account. 
 
We find that fair distributions of electricity generating infrastructure look significantly different depending on the justice principles applied. The results may stimulate a greater discussion among researchers and policymakers on the implications of different constructions of justice in modelling, expansion of approaches, and demonstrate the importance of transparency and assumptions when communicating such results.

Analisis Penetapan Harga Jual Beli Makanan pada Sistem Prasmanan Perspektif Prinsip Keadilan Ekonomi Islam

This study examines pricing mechanisms in the buffet system at Wisma Tamu Al Ishlah Restaurant from the perspective of Islamic economic justice principles. This research is crucial given the limited studies that analyze buffet pricing practices from an Islamic economic perspective, particularly in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school) environment. This research adopts a qualitative approach with field research methods, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation for data collection. The findings indicate that the pricing mechanism at Al Ishlah Restaurant employs a cost-based method, setting prices based on raw material costs, capital, operational expenses, and production services, adjusted according to the types of food selected by customers. Generally, the pricing practices at Wisma Tamu Al Ishlah Restaurant align with Islamic economic justice principles, ensuring that no party is disadvantaged and upholding honesty in transactions. Prices are established through mutual agreement between the restaurant and the customer, ensuring fairness. However, price transparency presents a challenge that could affect consumer perceptions. This research contributes to the development of Islamic economic theory in the culinary business context and provides recommendations to enhance justice in buffet pricing..