Principle Of Election Research Articles

Paradox of Criminal Provisions Formulation Regarding Reporting of Political Party Campaign Funds in the 2024 General Election

Political parties as a form of organization whose scope is the political field make it a primary position in modern democracy which is required to be in line with democratic norms and election principles. The characteristics of political parties as legal subjects (subjectum juris) of corporations/public legal entities that can also act in the private sphere that are attached to legal consequences for all actions or deeds, and legal relationships, both in the administrative, civil, and criminal spheres. One of the actions or legal acts of political parties in the Election is the legal obligation to report campaign funds honestly, accountably, and transparently in accordance with the principles of organizing elections as a legal act that has the potential to have administrative and criminal consequences. In several formulations of criminal provisions of the Election Law which are specifically formulated for political parties as legal subjects (subjectum juris) of corporations, although the construction of the articles does not explicitly mention political parties, but refers to the phrase Election Participants which consists of 5 Articles, namely Article 496, Article 525 Paragraph (2), Article 526 Paragraph (2), Article 527, and Article 528 Paragraph (1) of the a quo Law. One of the actions or legal acts of political parties that has the potential to be subject to criminal penalties is the provision of Article 496 of the a quo Law related to election participants who intentionally provide false information in the Election campaign fund report, which constructively-holistically reaps problems in the actions or legal actions of political parties as election participants as well as the problem of deadlocked norms in related articles in the a quo Law.

The Doctrine of Election U/S 35 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882: Development & Contemporary Relevance

The principle of election is regulated by section 35 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 and forms a doctrine of equity whereby there must be a choice of one inconsistent right or claims arising under the same instrument conferred by a beneficiary. The principle of election is regulated by section 35 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882. It forms a doctrine of equity whereby there must be a choice of one inconsistent right or claim arising under the same instrument conferred by a beneficiary. The doctrine keeps one from receiving the fruits of any legal document and refusing its obligations simultaneously. This doctrine is derived from the English equity law and adopted to India. It has developed into ensuring equity and justice in property, including wills, settlements, and deeds. Election refers to the necessity of electing between two conflicting or alternative rights conferred by the same instrument, where both rights cannot be enjoyed simultaneously. It underlines that the one who benefits under an instrument also bears the burden that follows it. This doctrine does not allow beneficiaries to take in favorable provisions but reject adverse ones thereby ensuring consistency and fairness. The judgment in the case of C. Beepathuma v. Viduri Shankar Narayana Kadambolithya is AIR 1965 SC 241, highlighting that the done must elect for or against the instrument. It is highly relevant to the settlement of property litigations as it averts unjust enrichment, in that a beneficiary must receive both the fruits of rights and liabilities created through a legal document. The doctrine was developed on the foundation of equity and is of high importance for the observance of justice in law concerning property as it forces recipients to either abide completely by the tenets of transfer or to relinquish the benefit.

Artificial Intelligence and Its Challenges To Elections In Indonesia: A Legal Analysis

The improper utilization of AI technology poses difficulties to democracy, particularly the growing threat of unjust elections, exemplified by the deployment of bot accounts and deep fakes during electoral processes. Hence, it is crucial to build a strong and comprehensive framework to regulate the utilization of AI technology in Indonesia's political process. This article analyzes four main topics: (a) the advancement of AI technology and its connection to elections; (b) the influence of AI technology on election principles; (c) the pressing need for regulating AI in elections; and (d) the possibilities and difficulties of regulating AI technology within Indonesia's legal framework. The paper employs doctrinal legal research to examine the necessity of regulating AI technology in the context of conducting elections, taking into account the constitutional framework, established principles, and democratic election norms. The result shows that irresponsible use of AI technology remains a menace to democratic election ideals, and Indonesia must establish adequate legal mechanisms to tackle the problems stemming from the improper use of AI technology in the political process. The regulation of AI technology can be initiated by introducing a bill specifically focused on artificial intelligence (AI). This process should also involve the synchronization and harmonization of election rules, including election laws, laws governing the election of governors, regents, and mayors, laws concerning political parties, and other implementing regulations such as those established by the General Election Commission and the Election Supervisory Board.

The Urgency of Implementing a Blockchain-Based E-Voting System in Organizing General Elections in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the urgency of implementing a blockchain-based e-voting system for general elections in Indonesia. This research is Normative Legal research using the Statute Approach, Conceptual Approach, and Comparative Approach. The results show that the development of technology and information encourages the need for innovations to organize general elections through electronic voting systems (e-voting) while maintaining the principles of democratic elections. The needs and readiness of Indonesia for technological development are considered when applying the e-voting system to implement elections in Indonesia. Moreover, it is necessary to compare the voting system with conventional elections, including the legal aspects (regulations), the stages of voting implementation, and the effectiveness and efficiency of implementation.

Upaya Mensukseskan Pemilu 2024: Pendidikan Politik Bagi Pemilih Pemula di Desa Bolali, Wonosari, Klaten

The community service activities in this article provide outreach in the form of political education for novice voters which will be held on Saturday, January 27, 2024 at Sutran Hamlet, Bolali, Wonosari, Klaten. With the aim that they will be able to know the importance of using their voting rights and be able to use their rights well and appropriately because one vote is very valuable for the future fate of a country. The methods used in this journal are preparation, implementation and evaluation. The preparation method includes a meeting with the Dukuh Sutan Youth Organization, while the implementation method includes the presentation of material on political education, the evaluation stage in the form of discussion and questions and answers between socialization participants and resource persons. In Indonesia, presidential elections, DPR and DPRD member elections, DPD member elections, and regional head elections will be carried out democratically, this system is known as general elections. The principle of elections is based on the principles of elections that are direct, universal or general, free, secret, honest and fair.

Kepemimpinan Kolaboratif dalam Momentum Pemilu 2024 Membangun Partisipasi Demokratis yang Berkelanjutan

General elections (Pemilu) are a crucial democratic instrument for expressing the sovereignty of the people. Basic principles of elections, such as direct participation and fairness for all participants, reflect constitutional commitments to ensure a fair and transparent democratic process. Collaborative leadership is recognized as an approach that can strengthen the integrity and success of elections, enabling cooperation among various parties to achieve common goals. This research aims to explore the relationship between collaborative leadership and sustainable democracy in the 2024 elections in Indonesia. The method used in this research is literature study. The results of the discussion indicate that collaborative leadership plays an important role in encouraging active participation of the community, especially the younger generation, in elections. This leadership operates through cooperation among various election actors, including election organizers, political parties, and civil society, to achieve fair, transparent, and democratic elections. Sustainable democracy, on the other hand, supports elections by strengthening democratic institutions and promoting inclusive and transparent decision-making. Thus, it can be concluded that the integration of collaborative leadership and sustainable democracy is key to the success of the 2024 elections in Indonesia.

투표보조인제도의 법적 쟁점과 개선 방안

The voting assistant system is an electoral system that provides assistance to electors who are unable to cast their ballots independently due to obstacles in the voting process. Currently, there are three legal issues being discussed regarding the voting assistant system. First, the current law excludes people with developmental disabilities from the scope of the voting assistant system, and it is argued that the law should be amended so that people with developmental disabilities can receive assistance from voting assistants. Second, it is argued that the current law requires that two polling assistants must be accompanied by a non-family member, and this restriction should be abolished. Third, it is argued that the voting assistant system has a problem of revealing the contents of the vote to the voting assistant in order to guarantee the voting rights of the disabled, so it is necessary to prepare an alternative that can guarantee the confidentiality of voting. If we apply the principle of practical harmonization in order to provide a legislative alternative that maximizes the constitutional values that conflict with each other, we can conclude the following conclusions about the present legal issues.
 The conclusion of the first argument is as follows. The current law excludes people with developmental disabilities from the application of the voting assistant system on the grounds of the possibility of compulsory voting by a voting assistant. However, it is desirable that such a restriction be abolished because it would result in sacrificing the superior constitutional value of universal suffrage in order to guarantee the principle of free suffrage.
 The conclusion of the second argument is as follows. The current law requires two polling assistants to accompany non-family members to ensure the elector's freedom to vote. However, this restriction is unduly restricts the principle of secret elections and should be abolished. The conclusion of the third argument is as follows. The essential problem with the voting assistant system stems from the unilateral retreat of the principle of secret suffrage in a situation where the principle of universal suffrage and the principle of secret suffrage are in conflict. Therefore, efforts are required to reconcile two conflicting constitutional values through a third alternative. A third alternative is possible through the improvement of voting aids that support the independent marking of persons with disabilities. According to foreign legislative precedents, the introduction of an ideal voting aid presupposes the introduction of an electronic voting system. Therefore, as a third alternative, it is necessary to consider the introduction of voting aids combined with the electronic voting system to a limited extent.

Governance of Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in Realizing Electoral Integrity

In principle, governance in the implementation of regional elections is fundamental in the context of realizing electoral democracy with integrity. Regional election governance concerns regional election institutions as the main aspect, apart from other aspects, namely the regional election system and regional election process, regional election management and regional election law enforcement system. Pilkada governance will of course also be related to electoral integrity, more concerned with the need to present Pilkada organizers who have commitment and consistency to hold quality and democratic Pilkada. In this way, regional elections can encourage the realization of a simplified party system and an effective government system. Of course, this cannot be separated from the principles of regional elections which are generous and fair, which are carried out by voters, participants and regional election organizers

Periodization of General Elections: Ideas and Refinements in Indonesia

General election is one part of the practice of democracy in Indonesia. In this case, the general election is a manifestation of people's sovereignty. In general, the principles of elections include the principles of direct, public, free, confidential, honest and fair. This research seeks to explore legal constructions related to the periodic principle of general elections which must be held periodically every five years, which is a separate principle in general elections. This research is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study confirm that to achieve and ensure that general elections are held a justice process and proportionally, the orientation of legal construction on the periodic principle has actually been explicitly stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and is based on a systematic interpretation. In this case, in terms of periodic aspect orientation, it is part of the general election principle that is obligatory and must be implemented. This has the implication that the principles of general elections include the principles of direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair, and must be held periodically for five years. In this case, the principle of periodicity occupies an important position in the holding of general elections.

Politicization of the Security Agencies and its Implication on the Electoral Processes: 2019 General Elections in Perspective

Since the return of democratic governance in Nigeria, elections have remained controversial and involve high levels of violence and other electoral malpractices. Hence, emphasis is placed on the need to provide adequate security in order to guarantee credible, free and fair elections. While previous studies have focused on the roles of security in the electoral processes, the implication of their roles (security agencies) have not been central to the existing debates. This paper examines the implications of politicizing the security agencies in the electoral process with special regards to the 2019 general elections. The paper employed a documentary analytical technique as our method of data collection, while qualitative descriptive method was used for the analysis. Anchoring our discuss on the structural functional theory, findings amongst others revealed that politicization of the security agencies by desperate politicians undermines the principles of credible, free and fair elections in the 2019 general elections; also the professional dispositions of some security agencies in the electoral process negates their role of maintenance of law and order which are an important tenets of the protection of lives and properties that enhances the need for credible and impartial electoral governance in Nigeria. The paper recommends amongst others that; security agencies need to be well trained on basic tenets of elections before their involvement in the electoral processes; politicians should avoid desperation and learn to play by the rules of the game; and all security agencies involved in the electoral malpractices should be punished according to the law so as to serve as deterrence to others.

The Dynamics of General Elections in Indonesia, 1955-2019

The holding of general elections is one of the means of achieving democracy and realizing a system of government that is people-sovereign and has been successfully implemented since Indonesia's independence until the current reformation period. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of general elections in Indonesia as part of the success of organizing democratic parties. The data used in this study comes from several pieces of literature relating to implementing the 1955 to 2019 general elections. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. With this method, the researcher attempts to describe, analyze, and explain the electoral system used during the legislative and presidential elections. The results of the study explain that Indonesia adheres to a democratic system in general elections. General elections aim to create a government of, by, and for the people. With the existing dynamics, elections in Indonesia have been successfully carried out from 1955 to 2019, both in the presidential and regional elections. The 1999 general election, which was a transition from the New Order government to reform, brought Indonesia towards a democratic political system. In 2004, the people participated directly in elections for the first time. The process of elections in Indonesia is indeed inseparable from the principles of general elections under Law Number 12 of 2003, namely direct, honest, fair, free, secret, and public.

Assessing Constitutional Frameworks for Closed Proportional Representation in House of Representatives Elections

Abstract: The electoral system in Indonesia has implemented two politically different systems, one of which is the proportional system. This proportional system is also divided into proportional with an open list and proportional with a closed list. The basic idea of ​​a proportional system is that the composition of seats obtained by a political party in an electoral area will be in balance with the proportion of votes received by the political party concerned in the election. Even in this system, only a few votes are wasted. According to the provisions of Article 168 paragraph (2) of Law No. 7/2017, the electoral system for DPR members is open proportional with a majority vote. This system has a good level of representation because the people are free to determine their representatives who will sit in Parliament directly and can continue to supervise those they choose. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the application of a closed proportional system in the DPR election from the perspective of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; arrangements regarding the principles of elections in the constitution are regulated in Article 22E of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Design/Methodology/Approach: The type of research used in this research is normative legal research, using statute and conceptual approaches. Findings: The results of this research indicate that the application of a closed proportional system is not following the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia because it will close space for the people to make their own choices directly because in a closed proportional system the determination of who are the candidates for members of the DPR who will sit in parliament is absolute political party wishes. Originality/Value: Debates about the constitutionality of open proportional and closed proportional systems always fill public spaces, especially before the election. Due to this issue, a fundamental question arises about whether the closed proportional system in the election of DPR members follows the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This issue is the reason for research regarding the general election system for DPR members following the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

Optimizing Electronic Voting System in Village Head Elections: Evaluation and Recommendations from Sleman Regency, Indonesia

INTRODUCTION: The rapid technological advancements of Industry 4.0 have influenced government politics, extending to the adoption of electronic voting in village head elections. In Sleman, e-voting was introduced in 2020, aiming for voting system efficiency and synchronization of population data, positioning the region as an e-voting pioneer in Indonesia. While e-voting offers efficiency and cost savings, it faces some problems. OBJECTIVES: This study endeavors to comprehensively assess the implementation of the e-voting system in village head elections and provide recommendations for its optimization, with a specific focus on the context of Sleman Regency.METHODS: This qualitative research encompasses data from 17 villages spread across 35 sub-districts within Sleman Regency. The study utilizes a comprehensive approach that includes secondary data analysis, incorporating literature, internet-based resources, scientific journals, books, regulations, and official documents. It further involves interviews with government officials at Sleman offices, officials at polling stations, and voters. Additionally, observational data is gathered to shed light on the intricate dynamics of e-voting.RESULTS: The evaluation focused on four pivotal aspects of the e-voting system's success: public trust, public participation, technology, and adherence to election principles. The findings reveal improved dynamics in 2021 when compared to 2020. Public trust in the e-voting system has notably increased, aligning with the relatively successful implementation in the previous year. While community participation has reached a satisfactory level, it has yet to attain full community control, with interesting nuances observed, particularly in less ‘advanced’ villages where participation tends to be lower. In the realm of technology, the e-voting system excels in terms of security, hardware reliability, the comprehensiveness of application features, and user-friendliness.CONCLUSION: The study underscores that the enhancement of e-voting systems presents an avenue to fortify democratic practices and electoral processes in Indonesia. Acknowledging imperfections in data collection systems and addressing participation disparities among villages should be prioritised. Furthermore, the study suggests that comprehensive future research is needed to evaluate the feasibility of extending e-voting systems to higher levels of government elections. This examination offers valuable insights into the evolution of e-voting in Indonesia and the prospects for its expansion in democratisation efforts.

Consolidation of the Principle of Democratic Elections in the Law of the Latvian People

The article provides an analysis of the gradual consolidation of the principle of democratic elections in the election law of the Latvian people during the period from the abolition of serfdom in the Baltic Governorates of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century until the adoption of the Satversme [Constitution] of the Republic of Latvia on 15 February 1922. Abolition of serfdom was chosen as a point of reference for the publication, because “emancipation” gave liberty to the majority of Latvians as persons belonging to the peasant class. Until proclamation of the Republic of Latvia (1918), Latvians gained election experience in electing the councils of civil parishes, cities and the State Duma of the Russian Empire. None of the elections held in the Russian Empire can be considered to be democratic, since the principle of voters’ equality was not complied with. Demand for democratic elections as denial of inequality consolidated among the Latvian people by the end of the 19th century. It is proven by the projects of Latvia’s autonomy, elaborated even before the democratic February Revolution in the Russian Empire (1917). Following the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia, the legislator only enshrined (documented) in legal acts the will of the Latvian people to elect state and local government officials democratically.

Periodic Principles in General Elections: Orientation and Implications in Indonesia

The general election is one part of the practice of democracy in Indonesia. In this case, the general election is a manifestation of people’s sovereignty. In general, the principles of elections include the principles of direct, general, free, confidential, honest, and fair. This study seeks to explore the legal construction related to the periodic principle of general elections which must be held periodically every five years to become a separate principle in elections. The issue of periodization in general elections really needs to be emphasized as one of the principles in general elections as the main basis for creating a cycle of replacement and filling of public positions in the state administration system. This research is a normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study confirm that the orientation of legal construction on the periodic principle has actually been expressly stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and is based on a systematic interpretation. In this case, the orientation of the periodic aspect is part of the general election principle which is obligatory and must be implemented. This implies that the principles of general elections include the principles of direct, general, free, confidential, honest, and fair, and must be held periodically for five years. In this case, the periodic principle becomes very important to be recognized and explicitly stated in the general election law as a new principle in the technical implementation of general elections. this has implications for the implementation of elections that are inconsistent and tend to change in each implementation. Whereas in holding general elections, the periodic principle will uniformize the holding of elections simultaneously, both national elections and elections at the regional level by setting forth and affirming in the general election law that periodization is a technical principle in holding general elections in Indonesia.

Electronic Technologies in Elections and Referendums: Theory and Practice

The article is devoted to the study of the theory and practice of using electronic technologies in elections and referendums in the context of guaranteeing the established international principles of electoral law. The relevance of the topic is related to the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the All-Ukrainian Referendum", which allows the use of information and telecommunication technologies during its organization and conduct. The subject of the study is the theory and practice of using electronic technologies in elections and referendums in Ukraine and abroad. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of electronic technologies in the process of administration, preparation and conduct of elections, which can be similarly used in the all-Ukrainian referendum in the context of ensuring the principles of electoral law, and also to clarify the technical side of their implementation. The study applies the method of analysis and synthesis of scientific information, comparative legal and dialectical methods of scientific cognition. The norms of domestic legislation on holding elections and the all-Ukrainian referendum on the use of electronic technologies have been studied. International standards of the implementation of e-voting technology, as well as the main recommendations of the Venice Commission and the Committee of Ministers on preventing violations of the principle of fair and free elections during the use of information technologies, were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the study of legal opinions of courts of foreign countries regarding problematic aspects and possible violation of voting principles when using e-voting technology (USA, Germany, India, Albania). It was concluded that the international community does not distinguish between using of electronic voting programs in elections and referendums, applying the same approaches to the implementation of electoral principles. Recommendations for domestic legislative activity and the practice of election administration are outlined. The possible use of such leading information and telecommunication technologies as biometric identification, online registration of political parties and candidates, electronic voting, optical scanning of paper ballots, recording of a paper trail, cryptography, etc. has been revealed. The analysis of judicial practice made it possible to conclude that in order to comply with the public nature of the election process it is important to guarantee cybersecurity, protection of personal data and the results of will detection by recording a paper trail. Finally, attention was drawn to the problem of legislative regulation of electronic procedures during the all-Ukrainian referendum without their consistency and harmonization with the provisions of the Election Code of Ukraine. The obsolescence of the procedure for initiating a national referendum enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine and detailed in the law, which needs to be modernized, is emphasized.

Use of artificial intelligence during elections, practice, threats to the right to vote and ways to overcome them

This article explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in elections and its impact on the right to votr. It examines the practical aspects of the application of AI in the electoral process, as well as the potential threats it may pose to democratic principles and human rights.
 The paper analyzes various aspects of the use of AI during elections, including the automation of vote counting, election forecasting, and the impact of social media and crowdsourcing on political advertising. It also explores the potential of using AI to detect electoral fraud and manipulation, such as disinformation and falsification of results.
 However, the article also draws attention to the threats that arise in connection with the use of AI during elections. These threats include the possibility of manipulation of election results, violations of the privacy, and the possibility of creating artificial accounts or bots to mass influence public opinion.
 Finally, the article examines ways to overcome these threats and protect human electoral rights. It discusses the need to develop effective laws and regulations to ensure the transparency, auditability and security of electoral processes that use AI. It also considers the importance of educating voters and politicians about these technologies and the conscious use of AI in political processes. In addition, the article considers the importance of international cooperation and the creation of standards for the ethical use of AI by electoral bodies and political actors. However, the use of artificial intelligence during elections can also pose threats to citizens' right to vote. For example, there may be a lack of transparency and accountability of the algorithms used to analyze election data and make decisions. This can lead to unfair or hidden influence on the election process and voting results.
 In addition, there is a risk of artificial intelligence being misused to manipulate voters by spreading false information or manipulating political sentiment. Algorithms can be configured to enhance certain views or suppress others, which can expose the electoral process and violate the principles of democratic elections.
 Effective legal regulation is necessary to overcome the threats associated with the use of artificial intelligence during elections.
 It is important to establish mandatory norms regarding the transparency and accountability of algorithms used during election processes. This may include requiring disclosure of the underlying principles and logic underlying algorithms, as well as mandatory testing and independent verification of their effectiveness and lack of bias.
 It is necessary to consider the introduction of restrictions on the use of artificial intelligence in the field of political advertising and information campaign. This may include restrictions on the use of personalized advertising, mandatory identification and disclosure of sources of funding for political advertising campaigns, as well as regulation of the use of social networks.

Pilot Project Village Head Election with Electronic Voting System (e-voting) in Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province

In the context of holding simultaneous Pilkades to make it more effective and efficient and to minimize the occurrence of disputes caused by invalid votes, On March 8, 2021, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued Circular Letter Number 141/1115/BPD to regents/mayors throughout Indonesia concerning Implementation of Village Head Elections simultaneously through e-voting. However, the reality is that e-voting-based pilkades are still not massively implemented in Indonesia. The research method used in this writing is the descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. This research method was used because it aims to identify the readiness and success of the Pilkadades pilot project using the electronic voting method based on the general election principle. The results of the discussion of this article are that, in 2023 Malinau district, North Kalimantan Province, will be one of the districts that will hold village head elections through e-voting. the implementation can be categorized as successful, without harming the principles of general elections, success can be seen during the Pilkades implementation with the e-voting system, no fraud was found from any party so the election process ran in an orderly and smooth manner following the System Operational Procedure (SOP) which has been set by the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN).

URGENSI PELIBATAN DAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGAWASAN PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILU SERENTAK TAHUN 2024

Simultaneous elections in 2024 will soon take place, this is marked by the start of several election stages starting from the formation of election commissions/organizers to the drawing of serial political party numbers. The holding of democratic elections in accordance with the principles of elections is a must to be realized, especially in the simultaneous elections in 2024. So that concrete efforts are needed in monitoring, overseeing and supervising and supporting stages by stages in the implementation of elections. Constitutionally, Bawaslu is an institution whose job is to supervise the implementation of elections. However, the involvement and participation of the public/community in terms of monitoring the implementation of elections is important to do by looking at the form, number and characteristics of massive and systematic violations. Public involvement is a constitutional right in overseeing and giving control over the holding of democratic elections in order to ensure people's sovereignty in the holding of elections. There are several important and crucial stages in the election stage, namely the collection of voter list data which is often found by fictitious voters and unregistered voters and the second crucial stage is the implementation of voting in the field. The 2024 simultaneous elections will be more complicated and take up a lot of time and energy so that the existence and involvement of the public/community in terms of oversight and monitoring functions is absolutely necessary in order to assist the Bawaslu in carrying out its duties and functions so that quality elections can be created with intelligent voters by being able to suppress and minimize the number of election violations.

현행 국회의원선거제도 개혁안

The Special Committee on Political Reform of National Assembly recently resolved three reformation proposals for election system of member of the National Assembly which will be submitted to the Committee of the Whole. Those proposals are the Multimembered Constituency + Regional･Mixed-member Majoritarian Representation System, the Multimembered Constituency System + National･Mixed-member Majoritarian Representation System, and the Single-member Constituency + Regional･Quasi Mixed- member Propotional Representation System. However, the Proposals cannot realize the basic principles of the election and the spirit of the Constitution, for exemple the principle of equal election, party democracy, plural democracy, a multiparty system, protection of minority, etc. Therefore, the mixed-member propotional representation system combined with single-member Constituency should be adopted for the effective reform of election system. The constituency of propotional representation system should be nationwide. Futhermore, the number of the National Assembly members should be increased to vitalize the diverse functions of the National Assembly. At the same time, the rate of the proportional representative National Assembly members must be expanded. Also, some important institutional conditions regarding the election should be adopted as follows: the democratization and legalization of candidate nomination process of the party, the closed and fixed list system, closed primary election system, mandatory voting system, etc.