Correct Principles Research Articles

Determination of Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders and Corrective Priorities to Perform the Work in Dental Careers by Posture Analysis Using REBA in Shahrekord

Background and aims: Nowadays, work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational diseases. The prevention of these disorders requires a posture analysis during work and the improvement of working conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and corrective priorities to perform the work by conducting postures analysis using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the posture of dentists during working was analyzed using the REBA software. The incidence rate of musculoskeletal disorders was investigated by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this applied study, the incidence rates of the pain in neck, waist, shoulders, and wrists were reported to be 68%, 55%, 41% and 28%, respectively. The above-mentioned values were higher in women than in men. The pain in thigh and leg was related to work and the pain in ankle and sole was related to body mass index (BMI). The relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and occupational postures of dentists was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Training the principles of ergonomics and anthropometrics, the correct methods and principles of performing work, and the ways of using the instruments are necessary for the studied population. Occupational postures require ergonomic intervention and correction.

Mechanisms of Toxic Effects of Homocysteine on the Nervous System

The review describes the metabolism of homocystein, causes of hyperhomocysteinemia, mechanisms underlying the respective negative effects on the nervous system, and main principles of correction of such disorders.

Active living wall modules - CO2 and CH2O purification

Today, our green walls help to alleviate urban heat island effects, reduce noise and improve air quality. However, this design can be found to be detrimental to airflow and it does not use air to improve air now. Therefore, we must consider the characteristics of the factory and the correct principle of fluid mechanics design. The air can flow through the green wall by inhalation to achieve the function of beautifying and purifying the air. And we will put active living wall module indoors, because many studies have shown that people spends to 80% to 90% of the time to stay indoor. Researchers believe that indoor air quality is closely related to people’s health. It also meets WELL building standards. And there are also studies that indicate that plants in the classroom can increase the attention of school children. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use fluid mechanics to design a new green wall for air purification and beautify the environment and promote air quality to create a better living environment. This study placed the active living wall module and the wooden core board together in a transparent acrylic box. After the veneer volatilizes volatile organic substances such as formaldehyde, the module is activated to cause the volatilized gas to pass through the pores below the leaves of the plant as the gas flows. It is also measured whether the concentration of the organic substance before and after passing is effectively changed after passing through the plant. At the same time, the relationship between the wind speed and the stomata of Baihejing is obtained experimentally, and the best photosynthesis efficiency can be obtained. This study found that the pumping mode removed 33% more formaldehyde than the non-exhausted mode. For this study, when 10.5 V (0.6 m/s) is given, there is an optimum photosynthesis efficiency between the wind speed and the planting pores, so the test will be tested at 0.6 m/s. We have found that active living wall module achieve increased efficiency in reducing pollutants. There is another experiment in this study to compare the active living wall modules with the commercially available air purifier. We evaluated the purification of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide, and the price and energy consumption etc. We found that this active living wall modules and commercial air purifier have the same ability of purification. However, there are still many issues in this research that have not been discussed in the future, so it will be more in-depth experiments and research, and also to develop a with the technology of low energy consumption, low pollution, low cost and good aesthetics, the active living wall module goal of reducing indoor air pollution is advanced.

Numerical analysis of a novel two-stage enlargement and adaptive correction approach for the annular aberration compensation.

The annular laser beam (ALB) is widely used in many fields, which could be affected by laser power and beam quality. To effectively and flexibly improve the beam quality of high-power large-aperture thin-wall ALB, a two-stage enlargement and adaptive correction configuration (TEACC) consisting of a novel outer-surface tubular deformable mirror (OTDM) and two extra prism groups (EPGs) is proposed in this paper. The correction principle and design principle of the TEACC are derived and analyzed. Based on the principle, a typical OTDM prototype and EPG structure are designed. Annular aberrations are compensated by applying the OTDM's influence functions and the least-square algorithm in simulation. The results show that the TEACC could perfectly compensate the wavefront distortions described by the 2nd to 36th order Zernike annular aberrations.

Torsional Energy Barriers of Biaryls Could Be Predicted by Electron Richness/Deficiency of Aromatic Rings; Advancement of Molecular Mechanics toward Atom-Type Independence.

Biaryl molecules are ubiquitous pharmacophores found in natural products and pharmaceuticals. In spite of this, existing molecular mechanics force fields are unable to accurately reproduce their torsional energy profiles, except for a few well-parametrized cases. This effectively limits the ability of structure-based drug design methods to correctly identify hits involving biaryls with confidence (e.g., during virtual screening, employing docking and/or molecular dynamics simulations). Continuing in our endeavor to quantify organic chemistry principles, we showed that the torsional energy profile of biaryl compounds could be computed on-the-fly based on the electron richness/deficiency of the aromatic rings. This method, called H-TEQ 4.0, was developed using a set of 131 biaryls. It was subsequently validated on a separate set of 100 diverse biaryls, including multisubstituted, bicyclic and tricyclic druglike molecules, and produced an average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.95 kcal·mol-1. For comparison, GAFF2 produced an RMSE of 3.88 kcal·mol-1, owing to problems associated with the transferability of torsion parameters. The success of H-TEQ 4.0 provided further evidence that force fields could transition to become atom-type independent, providing that the correct chemical principles are used. Overall, this method solved the problem of transferability of biaryl torsion parameters, while simultaneously improving the overall accuracy of the force field.

Contexts and Constraints on Use

AbstractOne requirement of a theory of meaning for a natural language such as English is that it generate constraints on what speakers can use expressions to strictly and literally say or assert. Yet one significant recent philosophical defence of formal semantics, based on the technical innovations in semantics due to Kaplan, does not satisfy this requirement. On such a theory, meaning is a function from contexts to contents. But contexts in a Kaplanian theory are not uses of indexicals. Thus without some further bridge principle linking uses of indexicals to the contexts of a Kaplanian theory, functions from contexts to content do not determine any constraints on what an indexical can be used to strictly and literally say or assert. A great deal of recent work on Kaplanian theories has been dedicated to identifying the correct bridge principle in response to this challenge, but such work is doomed to fail. I argue that appeal to any such bridge principle in defence of a Kaplanian theory leads to an unacceptably weak account of the role of formal semantics in the study of human linguistic communication.

Linguistic prejudice and discrimination in Brazilian Portuguese and beyond

In this article we make a distinction between the prejudice and discrimination towards (a) different languages and their speakers and (b) different non-standard varieties of the same language and their speakers, and argue that while the discrimination and prejudice towards (a) have been denounced by international institutions and both national and international laws are in place to guarantee the rights of speakers of different languages, the same protection has not been afforded to speakers of non-standard varieties of a language. We examine a specific case of this type of linguistic prejudice in Brazil. We discuss the effectiveness of efforts of linguists to combat linguistic prejudice based on the principle of error correction (Labov 1982) and, drawing on work by Cameron (2012) and Bourdieu (1986), suggest that linguistic prejudice cannot be disentangled from other types of prejudice and that linguists need to have a much deeper understanding of and engagement with the values attached to linguistic forms. We conclude with a number of suggestions and recommendations in order to effectively combat linguistic prejudice.

Several controversial issues in astigmatism correction in cataract surgery

Cataract surgery has entered the era of refractive surgery, and patients have higher requirements for visual quality. Astigmatism correction in cataract surgery is increasingly valued, but the astigmatism correction results are not ideal, and the principles of corneal astigmatism correction are not well established. In this article, the issues including how to dialectically decide to treat the corneal astigmatism or not, how to choose the corneal astigmatism estimating method and the calculation formula for astigmatism correction, the range of corneal astigmatism suitable for applying multifocal intraocular lens, selection of intraoperative corneal astigmatism correction method, etc., were discussed based on relevant authoritative guidelines, expert consensus and literatures, and corresponding suggestions were given. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55: 485-490).

Improving the Positioning Accuracy of Satellite-Borne GNSS-R Specular Reflection Point on Sea Surface Based on the Ocean Tidal Correction Positioning Method

The positioning error of the specular reflection point is the main error source of Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) satellite sea surface altimetry. The existing specular reflection point geometric positioning methods do not consider the static-state elevation difference of tens of meters and the decimeter-level time-varying elevation difference between the reflection reference surface and the instantaneous sea surface. The resulting positioning error restricts the GNSS-R satellite sea surface altimetry from reaching cm-level high accuracy on the reference datum. Under the premise of the basic static-state elevation positioning error correction, reducing the time-varying elevation positioning error is the key to improving positioning accuracy. In this study, based on the principle of elevation correction of GNSS-R reflection reference surface, the main parameter that determines the real-time variation of sea surface height, ocean tide, is used to correct the specular reflection point from geoid to ocean tidal surface. The positioning error caused by the time-varying elevation error of the reflection reference surface is reduced, the positioning accuracy is improved, and the improvement is quantified. According to the research results, the ocean tidal correction positioning (OTCP) method improves the positioning accuracy by 0.31 m. The positioning accuracy improvement has a good correlation with the corresponding tidal height modulo, and the improvement is 1.07 times of the tidal height modulo. In the offshore, the tidal height gradient modulo is greater than the deep sea, the gradient of the tidal positioning correction has a good response to the tidal height gradient modulo, while the sensitivity of this response decreases in the deep sea.

Systematic design of microscope objectives. Part II: Lens modules and design principles

Abstract Based on the microscope objective database and systematic classification introduced in Part I, the Zones 1–4 objective lenses are systematically analysed in this paper to extract the building blocks. All the definitions and terms are based on the preceding paper. The lens modules utilised in the front, middle and rear groups are investigated by reliable aberration evaluation tools with robust and accurate raytracing. Thereby, the aberration correction principles are summarised, from which 29 lens modules are well sorted with respect to their decoupled aberration correction functionalities. Furthermore, some intrinsic relations between the aberration-related lens modules and the impact of applications or the consideration of manufacturing and technology are also discussed. Utilising the lens modules, system modification and synthesis examples shall be given in Part III.

Multilayered artificial neural network for performance prediction of an adiabatic solar liquid desiccant dehumidifier

Abstract In this study, a multi-layered artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm was developed and trained to predict the performance of a solar powered liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) system particularly the adiabatic packed tower dehumidifier using Lithium Bromide (LiBr) desiccant. A reinforced technique of supervised learning based on error correction principle rule coupled with perceptron convergence theorem was applied to create the algorithm. The parameters such as temperature, flow rates and humidity ratio of both air and desiccant fluid were fed as inputs to the ANN algorithm and their respective outputs used to determine dehumidifier effectiveness and moisture removal rate (MRR). The ANN model when subjected to validity tests using vapour pressure of LiBr desiccant solution at specific random temperatures and concentrations, gave astounding outcomes with precise estimation to R2 values of 0.9999 for all desiccant concentration levels. Due to the variation in solar radiation, the MRR and effectiveness fluctuated with the change in desiccant and air temperatures, giving maximum differences of 0.2 g/s and 1.8% respectively between the predicted and measured values depicting a perfect match. With respect to humidity ratio, MRR was accurately predicted by ANN algorithm with maximum difference of 3.4969% while the mean variation was −0.5957%. With respect to air temperature, the dehumidifier effectiveness was perfectly predicted by the ANN algorithm to an average accuracy of 0.53% and extreme positive deviation of 4.14%. The MRR was replicated to a mean variation of 0.013% and highest point difference of 0.08%. In all the above cases, the mean and maximum differences between the ANN model and experimental values were far below the allowable limit of ± 5%, hence the algorithm was deemed to be successful and could find use in air conditioning scenarios. The ANN algorithm’s capability and flexibility test of processing unforeseen inputs was accurate with negligible deviations and prospects of predicting the desiccant’s vapour pressure, dehumidifier effectiveness and MRR within all ranges of temperature and concentration which then eliminates the need for use of charts.

Theoretical research on the novel adaptive optics configuration based on the tubular deformable mirror for the aberration correction of the annular laser beam.

The annular laser beam (ALB) has been widely used in many fields for its unique intensity distribution. Especially, in the materials processing, the power and the beam quality of the large-aperture thin-wall ALB are of vital. However, limited by the aperture, the actuators' spacing or the damage threshold, the existing deformable mirrors (DMs) are not suitable for the correction of the ALB. Considering the stretching effect of the oblique incidence, in this paper, by using the tubular DM (TDM), a novel adaptive optics (AO) configuration is promoted to increase the number of the effective actuators covered by the input ALB. The coordinate transformation equations and correction principle of the novel AO configuration are derived based on the ray tracing. A typical TDM prototype is designed based on the coordinate transformation equations. The influence function characteristics of the TDM is analyzed using the finite element method, and the correction ability of the novel AO configuration based on the TDM is verified. Simulation results show that the TDM could perfectly compensate the wavefront distortions described by the 2th to 15th order Zernike annular aberrations.

Forecasting Coal Consumption in India by 2030: Using Linear Modified Linear (MGM-ARIMA) and Linear Modified Nonlinear (BP-ARIMA) Combined Models

India’s coal consumption is closely related to greenhouse gas emissions and the balance of supply and demand in energy trading markets. Most existing research on India focuses on total energy, renewable energy and energy intensity. To fill this gap, this study used two single forecasting models: the metabolic grey model (MGM) and the Back-Pro-Pagation Network (BP) to make predictions. In addition, based on these two single models, this study also developed the ARIMA correction principle and derived two combined models: the metabolic grey model, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (MGM-ARIMA) and Back-Pro-Pagation Network; and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (BP-ARIMA). After fitting India’s coal consumption during 1995–2017, the average relative errors of the four models were 2.28%, 1.53%, 1.50% and 1.42% respectively. The forecast results show that coal consumption in India will continue to increase at an average annual rate of 2.5% during the period from 2018–2030.

Proactive reconciliation as a tool for integrating mining and milling operations

Historically, reconciliation has been viewed as a quality test of model estimates as well as a powerful tool for detecting and correcting problems in all stages of mine operations from resource estimation to metal production. If used correctly, reconciliation helps to better predict the life of mine (LOM), improves the adherence of production plans to the respective budget, and allows for effective control of the mining and milling processes. However, the accuracy of reconciliation results requires that all input data must be generated in accordance with the principles of sampling correctness. Furthermore, complete reconciliation systems can become extremely complex and must be carefully analyzed in order to provide realistic and helpful conclusions. Based on these concepts, this paper presents a successful proactive reconciliation system applied to a copper and gold mine in Brazil for monitoring and integrating mining and milling operations.

Metaforik etnonimlərin ana dilinə tərcümə etmək problemləri

At present, it seems relevant to study the specifics of translating metaphorical ethnonyms into the native language. Ethnonyms reflect the history of a nation, the originality of its culture and way of life, describe a person and his sphere of activity. The ethnonyms in English, which have now been formed into phraseological units, have a full historical confirmation, which indicates the absence of fiction by the English. It is the historical events that took place that influenced interstate and interethnic stereotypes, which in turn are a national picture of the world. Almost all nations contacted by British and Anglo-Saxon Americans since the 17th century, as well as nations that were at certain times the most dangerous economic rivals, received ethnic nicknames. Despite the fact that English ethnonyms do not reflect the principles of political correctness and tolerance, which were spoken about by the English, they are a consequence of the cultural picture of the world, therefore they must exist in the language.

The Basic Principles of Correction of the Lives of Saints by Nilus of Sora

The Basic Principles of Correction of the Lives of Saints by Nilus of Sora

Description and Reliability of Rigo Classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Associated with Brace Therapy

Objectives To develop the Rigo classification system for scoliosis brace design and treatment and to compare the reliability and reproducibility of the Rigo classification system for scoliosis within and across observers related to orthopedic treatment. Methods The imaging data of 136 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were collected, and a Rigo classification system was established to determine the specific corrective principles and methods needed for the effective design and manufacturing of braces. Three observers, one spine surgeon, one imaging surgeon and one orthopedic brace surgeon, diagnosed and classified 136 AIS patients. The collected data were used to analyze the reliability across different observers and the repeatability within the same observer, and kappa values were calculated to confirm the consistency. Results The kappa value of the classification results of the spine surgeons and radiologists was 0.936, that of the spine surgeons and brace surgeons was 0.901, that of the imaging surgeons and brace surgeons was 0.886, the average repeatability was 90%, and the average Kappa was 0.887. Conclusion The Rigo classification system for scoliosis brace therapy has good practicability and consistency. The reliability of the Rigo classification system is acceptable both within and across observers. The system is suitable for clinical applications.

Justice in the Social Distribution of Health

How should we think, from the point of view of distributive justice, about inequalities in health and longevity? Norman Daniels’s influential account derives a social duty to reduce health inequalities from Rawls’s principle of fair equality of opportunity. This paper criticises Daniels’s approach and offers an alternative. To the extent that the basic structure of society shapes people’s opportunities to be healthy, we ought to think of ‘the social bases of health’ directly as a Rawlsian primary social good. The paper attempts to clarify the correct principle for its distribution, and its relationship to other goods that give rise to considerations of justice.

A resource-efficient parallel architecture for infrared image stripe noise removal based on the most stable window

Stripe noise is a common phenomenon arises in the multi-detectors infrared imaging equipment, which not only generally destroys the quality of the image, but also seriously affects the subsequent processing of the image. We exploit the stripe noise features of infrared image, and find that the adjacent noise difference can be well described by the difference of the mean values of adjacent rows in infrared images with the mean compensation and the two-point correction principle. Based on this, a novel stripe noise removal algorithm based on stable window is designed, it is not only effective to remove stripe noise in infrared image without causing undesired blurring effects and artifacts, but also efficient in terms of storage and computing resource utilization for real-time processing. In addition, in order to meet the demands of image real-time processing on satellites, we also design a low-latency, low-energy and highly-paralleled architecture for the de-noising algorithm, and implement it on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) processor. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other current methods, and it can not only has a better performance in visualeffect and objective quality than otherstate-of-the-art de-noising methods, but also has obvious advantages in the consumption of storage resources due to the design of resource-efficient parallel architecture. For instance, in the consumption of Block RAM storage, compared with the TPC method, this proposed algorithm reduces 80% memory, and gets a significant improvement of the processing speed.

Hermeneutika Feminis: Kritik Atas Kesetaraan Fatima Mernissi

Cultural optics will always appear in every debate about feminism, as well as certain interpretive tendencies (read: pre-text) also involved (enveloped) and even come into play in them. Therefore, the emergence of different views even somewhat "biased" is considered normal. People in discussing feminism will not be able to position themselves really objectively without pretension, but can only maintain a distance from prejudices or “biases” that can unwittingly emerge. In Muslim feminist thought, they are still trapped in a crisis of interpretation and counter interpretation. This crisis arises because the methods or strategies used by opponents and supporters of gender equality in building and legitimizing each of their views are basically the same, namely by explaining certain parts of the text of the Qur’an or hadith that are appropriate and support their interests and views. The parts of the text are then considered as asl the most correct and original principles, which in turn tend to be interpreted unilaterally in accordance with their ideological interests and positions and at the same time eliminate unwanted meanings because they are contrary to their ideological interests. This eclectic reading model is caused by the inability to challenge the existing paradigm of reading the text, which does not consider the historical context, dialogical and communicative aspects of the text with its context, and its descriptive dimensions. In this article intending to criticize the interpretation of Fatima Mernissi, Mernissi seems to still have a subjective bias in assessing some of the problems of feminist interpretation regarding equality of men and women, and not occupying the core of the problem in the actual portion. As a result, this argument shows that Mernissi is still narrow in using her feminist approach, because the core feminist approach is actually sensitive to injustice and avoiding “bias” that can occur not only in gender issues, but can also occur in other areas related to sara (read: skin color, tribe, caste and others).