Principal Themes Research Articles

COVID-19 Related Facilitators and Barriers to In-Person Learning for Children With Intellectual and Development Disabilities: A Follow-Up.

Students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and the staff who support them were largely in-person during the 2021-2022 school year, despite their continued vulnerability to infection with SARS-CoV-2. This qualitative study aimed to understand continued perceptions of weekly SARS-CoV-2 screening testing of students and staff amidst increased availability of vaccinations. Twenty-three focus groups were held with school staff and parents of children with IDD to examine the perceptions of COVID-19 during the 2021-2022 school year. Responses were analyzed using a directed thematic content analysis approach. Four principal themes were identified: strengths and opportunities of school- and district-level mitigation policies; experience at school with the return to in-person learning; facilitators and barriers to participation in SARS-CoV-2 screening testing; and perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 testing in light of vaccine availability. Despite the increased availability of vaccines, school staff and families agreed that saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 screening testing helped increase comfort with in-person learning as long as the virus was present in the community. To keep children with IDD in school during the pandemic, families found SARS-CoV-2 screening testing important. Clearly communicating school policies and mitigation strategies facilitated peace of mind and confidence in the school district.

"Being Holistic Is a Lot to Ask": A Qualitative, Cross-National Exploration of Occupational Therapists' Perceptions and Experiences of Holistic Practice.

Being holistic is often used by occupational therapists to describe their practice and philosophy worldwide. This study explores the perspectives of 33 occupational therapists, working in 13 different countries, on their understanding of holistic epistemology and practice and how they seek to incorporate holism in their work. On the basis of a qualitative study design, individual interviews were conducted with the participants by 18 Norwegian undergraduate occupational therapy students, supported by their supervisors. The authors subsequently analyzed the transcribed data, using a thematic analysis approach. Three principal themes emerged: (1) holism as a broad and narrow concept, (2) being holistic spans from treating body parts to teaching marginalized children, and (3) being holistic is a lot to ask. When talking about holism and holistic practice, participants described their holistic practices in various ways, and their accounts reflected different understandings and cultural contexts. Participants characterized a holistic approach as one emphasizing the importance of occupations and activities and helping patients regain independence in their everyday lives. However, they also highlighted the specific challenges they faced, including cultural factors and inadequate resources. Significantly, participants from both Western and non-Western contexts emphasized the importance of holistic practice, suggesting that a dichotomous understanding of Eastern versus Western philosophical approaches does not necessarily make sense in occupational therapy interventions. Therapists' degree of commitment to client-centered practice appears of greater relevance. With its international perspective, our study sheds light on important areas of contemporary occupational therapy practice, including the difficulties occupational therapists face when seeking to cover "everything" in an effort to be more holistic.

Mental Health Nurses’ Perceptions of Providing Pharmaceutical Care in Saudi Arabia

Working with medication is an important role of mental health nurses. However, little attention has focused on these nurses’ perspectives on where the responsibility of nurses for safe, competent medication management of their patients rests. The aim of this current study was to investigate psychiatric mental health nurses’ perspectives on their role in pharmaceutical care (PC). This study used a qualitative exploratory focus group discussion approach with nine experienced psychiatric mental health nurses. Inductive data were gathered using open-ended probes and theoretical sampling and were analyzed to yield themes and subthemes. Principal themes and subthemes emerged from the data analyzed. These themes illuminated nurses’ experiences with respect to the use of pharmaceutical medication in the mental health setting, including (a) nurses’ responsibilities for psychiatric pharmaceutical medications, (b) work experiences in multi-disciplinary teams, (c) nurses’ knowledge and education regarding medication, and (d) struggles faced by Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurses. Nurses involved in pharmaceutical care need additional education, training, interprofessional collaboration, and clearly codified parameters to guide their professional practice in this aspect of care.

How do medical students, residents and graduated physicians really perceive radiologists? A cross-national study

BackgroundRadiology has always been an attractive specialty for residents, but its attractiveness has recently decreased in France regarding the median choice rank after at the National Residency Board. AimTo study Radiologists' perceptions and social representations (SRs) among a group of medical students, residents and graduated physicians in France, to better understand the view of Radiologists to debunk stereotypes. MethodsThe nationwide web-based survey was based on valid hierarchical evocation methods. We determined the corpus’s central core and SRs’ principal themes with prototypical and correspondence factor analysis (CFA), respectively. ResultsOverall, 419 answers were analyzed. Radiologists' SRs were divided into 3 classes: negative stereotypes of Radiologists, negative stereotypes of the Radiologists’ daily practice and Radiologists’ skills. After multivariate analysis, variables that seemed to have a positive influence on Radiologists’ SRs were considering radiology as a potential choice of specialty (p < 0.001) and the existence of practical experience in Radiology (p = 0.008). Women seemed to have a more negative SR of Radiologists than men (p = 0.035). DiscussionThis was the largest qualitative study on the subject and the only one among medical students, residents and graduated physicians, allowing a global picture. SRs of Radiologists seemed to be negative, potentially caused by poor knowledge of the Radiologists’ profession. ConclusionSRs of Radiologists among medical students and graduated physicians appears to be negative. Promoting the specialty among medical students and encouraging their immersion in a Radiology department could help to debunk many stereotypes about the daily life and missions of Radiologists.

Navigating the Impacts of Dementia: The Experience of Male Spousal Carers.

This article investigates the experience of male spousal carers for women living with dementia. While cultural discourses on care are highly gendered, social scientific research often addresses care relationships in gender-neutral terms. Setting out to address this matter, this qualitative research study incorporated semi-structured joint interviews with 10 couples in which a male spouse cared for a woman with dementia. The aim was to explore how couples negotiate relationships and care following a diagnosis of dementia. The focus of this paper is on the perspectives expressed in these joint interviews by the male carers. A thematic analysis was undertaken to establish the key content of the men's accounts. Three principal themes were identified: making sense of the condition; treating dementia as a problem to be solved; and engaging with professionals and support. The gendered basis of experience for male carers is explored within these themes, demonstrating how societal norms of masculinity intersect with caring roles. The paper concludes that a nuanced research approach to dementia care must continue to be developed, accounting for how gender shapes personal responses to the navigation of care relationships. Practitioners and policymakers must also consider how gendered experience shapes the identities and strategies of male carers.

What factors affect early mobilisation following hip fracture surgery: a scoping review

ObjectivesIdentify and evaluate factors affecting early mobilisation on the day following hip fracture surgery.DesignMixed methods, scoping review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, APA PsycArticles, ISRCTN, Clinical Trials registry and grey...

Initiation into Philosophy

Abstract Maine de Biran (1766–1824) was one of the most influential philosophers in France during the nineteenth century, being the principal inspiration for French spiritualism and French reflexive philosophy. He was also a significant Freemason. This article offers a translation of Biran’s two surviving Freemasonry Speeches, delivered c. 1810, and an introduction to Biran’s Freemasonry from the perspective of his philosophical work. The introduction gives a timeline of Biran’s Freemasonry and an overview of the text of the Speeches. It then considers some principal themes in francophone Freemasonic culture of the Restoration, especially the practice of ritualized introspection, before moving onto compare, briefly, the content of the Speeches to the main philosophical essay by Biran with which the Speeches is contemporaneous. Based on this evidence, the introduction makes suggestions regarding the role played by Freemasonry in the development of French spiritualism, and indicates trajectories for future research.

Dataset on Systematic Literature in Digital Marketing Communication Research within 2020-2022

This study provides a thorough summary of a dataset that was built from systematic literature reviews undertaken between the years 2020 and 2022. The dataset presented in this study comprises a comprehensive collection of research studies pertaining to the domain of digital marketing communication, sourced from the SCOPUS Database. The utilisation of a systematic approach guarantees a comprehensive compilation, examination, and integration of pertinent scholarly publications, providing a unified perspective on the developing patterns, principal themes, approaches, and discoveries within this ever-evolving field. The dataset has been carefully curated to encompass a wide range of subjects that have been investigated in research on digital marketing communication throughout the designated timeframe. The dataset encompasses a range of topics that reflect the dynamic nature of digital marketing techniques, including the assessment of the effectiveness of social media advertising and influencer marketing, the exploration of the consequences of AI-driven customisation, and the examination of concerns related to data protection. In addition, the dataset brings attention to methodological intricacies, providing insight into the current research methodology, data sources, and analytical tools used to enhance knowledge in this field. The dataset is a helpful resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers who wish to understand the intricacies and advancements in digital marketing communication within the specified time frame. It offers a systematic collection of insights. This abstract highlights the dataset's significance in advancing knowledge, guiding strategic decision-making, and stimulating further research in the dynamic field of digital marketing communication.

Strategies for employees to effect change to improve performance of public organizations

Seventy percent of organizations fail in their organizational change initiatives because of failure to involve employees in the change process. Some managers lack the strategies to implement change initiatives successfully. Using Kotter’s eight-step change model as the conceptual framework, this qualitative case study was conducted to explore public sector managers’ strategies to include employees in implementing organizational change. Semi-structured interviews were used to identify public sector managers’ strategies that include employees in implementing organizational change. Interviews were conducted with eight participants who met the inclusion criteria for this study. Data analysis included methodological triangulation and Yin’s five-phase data analysis. The five resulting principal themes are effective communication, creating and sustaining employee engagement, leadership style effect, developing training programs and processes, and strengthening organizational culture. The findings indicate that managers should focus on how well their subordinates understand the overarching goals of the vision and mission of change initiatives. These findings have potential implications for positive social change that include catalyzing employees to have a healthier attitude at work, have a better sense of work–life balance, and have a sense of belonging. Understanding the contribution of an engaging workforce may enable organizations to improve performance and profits by catalyzing monetary and non-monetary contributions to benefit citizens.

Genealogy of an archive. The birth, construction, and development of the World Wide Web collection at CERN

Web and Internet historians have never been able to consider the sources preserved at CERN because of a 30-year closure law. The WWW collection is of major importance not only because it is located where the Web was born but, more importantly, because it preserves documents produced during the early and little-known stages of its development. Our study has a qualitative approach and is based on in-person discussions, e-mail exchanges, and a focus group we conducted with five main actors responsible for the birth and development of the WWW collection at CERN. Through this method, we co-constructed with them a discourse, which we later analysed through inductive thematic analysis. We extracted six main topics reflecting the principal themes represented in the collection: reasons for creating a specific collection of web-related documents; salient moments in the history of the collection; discussion about its naming; issues about the originality of the documents; and future digitisation projects. This paper may be of interest to web historians and archivists looking for an overview and hidden reasons for the creation of the collection.

Reykjaholt Revisited: Representing Snorri in Sturla Þórðarson's Íslendinga saga

Reykjaholt Revisited: Representing Snorri in Sturla Þórðarson's <i>Íslendinga saga</i>

Feedback on audit and action planning for dental caries control: a qualitative study to investigate the acceptability among interdisciplinary pediatric dental care teams.

American Indian and Alaska Native children suffer from the poorest oral health of all populational groups in the United States. Evidence-based practices (EBP) for caries control are well established, but systematically implementing such practices have proven difficult. Audit and feedback with goal setting, and action planning to implement these EBPs have not been tested or adapted for Alaska Native healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to investigate acceptability and perceived feasibility of an audit and feedback intervention for pediatric dental caries control among dental providers and patient stakeholders. The pilot program was implemented in two dental clinics from a tribal healthcare consortium in Alaska. Key-informant interviews were conducted to investigate the contextual, organizational, and behavioral facilitators and barriers to the implementation and expansion of the program. Interview transcripts were analyzed by two researchers using thematic analysis. Eight key informants were interviewed twice (during and after the intervention period), and one once, for a total of 17 interviews. Patient stakeholders were not interviewed due to COVID-19 pandemic clinic closures and social isolation mandates. Three principal themes emerged: a positive organizational climate and culture fostered the acceptability of the program, the positive impacts of the program observed in the pediatric dental teams and the organization, and the challenges to implement the program including understanding the data reports, trusting the accuracy of the data, and competing priorities. The intervention of audit and feedback with goal setting and action planning was well accepted and perceived as feasible by the study participants given the financial and human resources provided by the research project. This qualitative study can inform the design and evaluation of process-oriented implementation strategies geared towards decreasing health inequities and improving health outcomes, such as dental caries in American Indian and Alaska Native children and adolescents.

Diverse policy maker perspectives on the mental health of pregnant and parenting adolescent girls in Kenya: Considerations for comprehensive, adolescent-centered policies and programs.

The pregnancy rate in Kenya among adolescent girls is among the highest in the world. Adolescent girls experience increased risk of anxiety and depression during pregnancy and postpartum which can result in poor health outcomes for both mother and baby, and negatively influence their life course. Mental health is often given low priority in health policy planning, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is an urgent need to address the treatment gap and provide timely mental health promotion and preventative services, there is a need to focus on the shifting demographic of SSA-the young people. To understand perspectives on policymakers on the mental health prevention and promotion needs of pregnant and parenting adolescent girls, we carried out a series of interviews as part of UNICEF funded helping pregnant and parenting adolescents thrive project in Kenya. We interviewed 13 diverse health and social policy makers in Kenya to understand their perspectives on the mental health experiences of pregnant and parenting adolescent girls and their ideas for optimizing mental health promotion. Six principal themes emerged including the mental health situation for adolescent girls, risk factors for poor mental health and barriers to accessing services for adolescent girls, health seeking behavior effect on maternal and child health outcomes, mental health promotion, protective factors for good mental health, and policy level issues. Examination of existing policies is required to determine how they can fully and effectively be implemented to support the mental health of pregnant and parenting adolescent girls.

Built Heritage Management Systems: Australia and Germany Compared

A recent, unreported, focus group of international heritage practitioners from academia, urban planning, land use management and urban design, found interesting similarities and differences between Australian and German cultural built heritage (CBH) management systems. For validation, a literature review provided a methodological framework and is reported in this paper. Its objective is to confirm the principal themes elicited by the initial work, being: assessment standards, transferable development rights, heritage conservation incentives and private property rights’ management thereby contributing enhanced clarity to the broader relationship between built heritage and stakeholder roles in heritage conservation. This paper is a precursor of more detailed planned empirical, in-country study seeking further insights into stakeholder interests and value systems based on a recent developed analytical approach known as Cultural Heritage Discourse (CHD). It is recognised that this empirical component is a limiting feature of the current research but anticipated as inevitable due to the preliminary stage of enquiry. Keywords: Conservation of built heritage; cultural heritage discourse; heritage management systems; transferable development rights; Germany and Australia

734 A User-Centered Design Approach for a Burn Recovery Mobile Platform

Abstract Introduction People with burn injuries experience challenges in multiple domains including wound and scar management, pain/pruritus, psychosocial recovery, return-to-work, and community re-integration. Mobile software platforms can provide clear, concise, and consumable information across different stakeholder groups. These platforms require a user experience (UX) that values users’ expressed needs to maximize engagement with critical information. This study seeks to inform the UX for an outpatient mobile software platform to optimize recovery. Methods We performed semi-structured, in-depth interviews at a regional burn center with patients, clinicians, and carers to understand participant background, personal values, and requirements of a recovery platform. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory analysis and affinity mapping to surface major themes. Results Fourteen in-depth interviews (over 13.5 hours) were conducted with six patients, six clinicians, and two carers. Thematic analysis identified four principal themes and corresponding UX requirements: (1) Provide a clear path to recovery: need for easily understood temporal visualizations of recovery experiences in multiple domains. This includes outlining paths that list relatively individualized tasks critical for recovery. (2) Facilitate task habituation: UX to ease successful task performance such as daily schedules, reminders and integration of recovery tasks with activities of daily living. (3) Maintain motivation: recovery progress tracking, motivational messages and visualization of long-term recovery trends to maximize task adherence. Patients and clinicians identified goal-authoring and recovery progress as key motivators in performing recovery tasks. (4) Create a burn community: access to other people with burn injuries through integrated forums. Neither patients nor clinicians desired to directly communicate with each other through the platform, instead preferring existing electronic health record methods. Conclusions This study identified initial UX requirements for a person with burn injury-centered platform. There is strong support for temporal representations of recovery paths across multiple domains, UX design to facilitate and motivate users to stay engaged in performing critical recovery tasks, and access to the burn community. Applicability of Research to Practice Interviews of prospective users outlined four important features to include in the UX design of an online burn recovery platform.

Innovation management of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology: Disclosing insights from existing literature and determining future research streams

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a technological innovation that has been receiving an increased amount of attention – both in the media and among scholars – as a result of its profound implications for business, industry, and society. Although it has existed since the 1980s, literature reviews covering major aspects of 3DP technology through the lenses of business and management studies remain limiting with regards to their scope and insights. Through a systematic literature review of 192 manuscripts published in top-tier journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science scholarly databases, this study combines the results of a Multiple Correspondence Analysis and a content analysis to holistically elaborate principal research themes, theoretical frameworks, and future research trends. Major research themes, summarized respectively as: industrial revolution; strategy; technology adoption and governance; performance; risk and uncertainty; human resources; innovation; and sustainability and circular economy, are closely analyzed, and research predictions are provided with regards to the topics of Industry 5.0, future of governance and 3DP adoption, operations performance and supply chain management, and sustainable development and circular economy. Theoretical contributions explore and consolidate the most relevant theoretical foundations of 3DP as a research field and offer guidelines for scholars to consider in future projects.

Qualitative Study on Safe and Effective Handover Information during a Rapid Response Team Encounter.

A rapid response team (RRT) evaluates and manages patients at risk of clinical deterioration. There is limited literature on the structure of the rapid response encounter from the floor to the intensive care unit team. We aimed to define this encounter and examine provider experiences to elucidate what information healthcare staff need to safely manage patients during an RRT evaluation. This phenomenological qualitative study included 6 focus groups (3 in-person and 3 virtually) organized by provider type (nurses, residents, fellows, attendings), which took place until thematic saturation was reached. Two authors inductively coded transcripts and used a quota sampling strategy to ensure that the focus groups represented key stakeholders. Transcripts were then analyzed to identify themes that providers believe influence the RRT's quality, efficacy, and efficiency and their ability to manage and treat the acutely decompensating pediatric patient on the floor. Transcript coding yielded 38 factors organized into 8 themes. These themes are a summary statement or recap, closed-loop communication, interpersonal communication, preparation, duration, emotional validation, contingency planning, and role definition. The principal themes of utmost importance at our institution during an RRT encounter are preparation, a brief and concise handoff from the floor team, and a summary statement from the intensive care unit team with contingency planning at the end of the encounter. Our data suggest that some standardization may be beneficial during the handoff.

Board of directors and business transformation: a bibliometric analysis

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the thematic content of research addressing the relation between board of directors (BoD) and business transformation (BT) to obtain better understanding of status and to derive future areas of study.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews literature through a bibliometric analysis based on co-occurrence of articles published in Web of Science Core Collection ™ (WoS) between 1990 and 2022, identifying key concepts, setting network of relations and identifying the strategic importance of clusters of concepts. Findings and implications are discussed, future lines of research are presented and limitations are noted.Findings Thematic research on boards addressing transformation shifted from the analysis of individuals' traits to an organizational approach with majority of research centered on the role of boards under different theories and the consequences of strategic changes on firm's performance. Further research is around gender diversity, sustainability and the moderating role of ownership structure and business culture.Research limitations/implicationsSome limitations are also noted. This analysis considered articles indexed by WoS for Q1+Q2 publications as source of literature, while including others such as Scopus would increase knowledge base. Also, to identify main streams of research, the authors considered keywords with cumulative occurrence spanning from 30% to 40% while increasing this percentage would add terms that might improve precision to the connections among keywords. Other techniques could have been used such as co-citation or bibliographic coupling, although the authors find these as better suited to investigate the basic structure behind the foundational knowledge of the topic while the authors’ intention was to understand the positioning of study fields regarding the degree of research progress.Practical implicationsThis paper presents some practical implications for future researchers. Those who wish to leverage previous evidence to address new research questions might look into principal themes covering BoD dynamics and composition to exert CG, and the relation between strategic decisions and performance measured by different variables. Those who wish to position their research as new findings to shed light on dilemmas, might find opportunities in the fields of climate change-sustainability, R&amp;D for growth and innovation under the perspective of intangible assets.Originality/value This paper, is the first to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to identify research clusters for the intersection of boards and transformation and to determine their stage of development.

Strategies for Managing Technological Change: Insights from Practitioners

Technology is vital to most organisations and, hence, the ability to change this element is essential for their future success. Change will contribute to the fulfilment of customer or service user needs, via enhancement of the technological basis for these entities. An efficient and effective delivery of organisational objectives can depend on this ability to achieve successful technological change. This paper examines the change process for technology, considering the techniques for delivering change and the types of change in this sphere. The objective is to obtain an enhanced understanding of how technology can be amended in organisations and also consider the types of change identified by managers. The latter will inform the range of techniques that are recommended for use with the breadth of technologies, existing in organisations. The paper, thus, addresses this critical activity and offers insights into the practice of technology management, formulating recommendations for practice and providing a contribution to academic theory in this subject area. A review of the literature was undertaken, in order to establish the key themes in this area. An empirical study was also enacted, in the form of a survey of a sample of UK-based, current practitioners. The requirements for technological change were obtained from these managers. The data from the literature and empirical study was examined via thematic analysis. The principal themes were discerned using a grounded approach. A framework, comprising a model of the required change, was then constructed to contribute to practice and academic theory, as well as summarise this research.

A cross-cultural linguistic analysis of the gendered representations of “Wife” in Egyptian Arabic and American English Proverbs

This study investigates how language, gender, and culture are intertwined in two purpose-built corpora of Egyptian Arabic and American English proverbs. It discusses the ideological representations of the potentially gendered term “wife” in such proverbs, as well as the cultural affinities and discrepancies around them. The study has methodically operated at three stages, drawing on theoretical insights from feminist critical discourse analysis and conceptual metaphor theory: (1) determining the frequency of Arabic and English proverbs that represent the social actor “wife” in terms of the various socio-cultural roles assigned to them; (2) demarcating and comparing the principal themes and ideologies associated with the proverbial usage of the lexical term “wife” in Egyptian and American cultures; and (3) describing the underlying source domains that conceptually underpin and discursively legitimatize such themes and ideologies. Results revealed that, firstly, not all of the social functions associated with “wife” are covered in the American-English corpus due to cultural differences regarding the concept of the extended family. Second, the Egyptian-Arabic corpus often portrays the social actor “wife” negatively. Thirdly, to control the public mind regarding gender power dynamics, both corpora shared certain source domains. The wife’s negative portrayals are also used to justify gender hegemony and keep women suppressed, marginalized, and stigmatized.