Principal Patterns Research Articles

PENGARUH SEMANGAT DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU (Studi Pada Guru SMPN 1 Taliwang Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of morale and work discipline on teacher performance at SMPN 1 Taliwang, West Sumbawa Regency. The population in this study were all teachers at SMPN 1 Taliwang, West Sumbawa Regency, totaling 32 people. The researchers took the entire population to be used as a research sample (census sampling). Data in the study were collected through questionnaires distributed to research respondents and analyzed using simple linear regression analysis techniques, individual parameter hypothesis testing (t-test), simultaneous parameter hypothesis testing (F-test), and determinant coefficient test (R2). The results of this study indicate that work enthusiasm and work discipline have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance at SMPN 1 Taliwang, West Sumbawa Regency, both partially and simultaneously. The degree of influence of work enthusiasm and work discipline on teacher performance at SMPN 1 Taliwang, West Sumbawa Regency is 89.1%, while the remaining 10.9% is influenced by other variables outside this research model, such as the work environment, principal leadership patterns and others.

Effect of partial restorative treatment on stress distributions in non-carious cervical lesions: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

BackgroundPartial restoration combined with periodontal root coverage surgery can be applied to the treatment of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) accompanied with gingival recessions in clinical practice. However, the feasibility of NCCL partial restorative treatment from a biomechanical perspective remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of partial restorations on stress distributions in the NCCLs of mandibular first premolars via three-dimensional finite element analysis.MethodsThree-dimensional finite element models of buccal wedge-shaped NCCLs in various locations of a defected zenith (0 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm) were constructed and divided into three groups (A, B, and C). Three partially restored NCCL models with different locations of the lower restoration border (1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm), and one completely restored NCCL model were further constructed for each group. The following restorative materials were used in all restoration models: composite resin (CR), glass-ionomer cement (GIC), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The first principal stress distributions under buccal oblique loads of 100 N were analyzed. Restoration bond failures were also evaluated based on stress distributions at dentin-restoration interfaces.ResultsWhen the partial restoration fully covered the defected zenith, the first principal stress around the zenith decreased and the maximum tensile stress was concentrated at the lower restoration border. When the partial restoration did not cover the defected zenith, the first principal stress distribution patterns were similar to those in unrestored models, with the maximum tensile stress remaining concentrated at the zenith. As the elastic modulus of the restorative material was altered, the stress distributions at the interface were not obviously changed. Restoration bond failures were not observed in CR, but occurred in GIC and MTA in most models.ConclusionsPartial restorations that fully covered defected zeniths improved the stress distributions in NCCLs, while the stress distributions were unchanged or worsened under other circumstances. CR was the optimal material for partial restorations compared to GIC and MTA.

Corpi ribelli: bullizzate e bulle nella transizione identitaria adolescenziale

The need for a gender-specific reading of bullying is apparent from an examination and assessment of the literature, and the consequent recognition of the gap created in the literature by the practice of reading social phenomena as universal and gender neutral. Taking feminist and intersectional considerations of gender education as its starting point and based on the data collected through five focus groups conducted with female adult students in three schools in Verona, the article explores the articulation of female bullying at school. Interpreting the dynamics of bullying in the light of sex and social constructs related to gender identity offers new understandings of aggression between girls, which is otherwise treated as the same as that between boys. In this paper, we consider the principal behavioral patterns that emerge in the study relating to corporality in its material and aesthetic dimensions. During adolescence, bodies rebel, becoming arenas and battlefields for the affirmation of girls’ identity.

Habitual intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages associated with gut microbiota-related metabolites and metabolic health outcomes in young Chinese adults

Background and aimsReducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a global public health priority because of their limited nutritional value and associations with increased risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. Gut microbiota-related metabolites emerged as quintessential effectors that may mediate impacts of dietary exposures on the modulation of host commensal microbiome and physiological status. Methods and resultsThis study assessed the associations among SSBs, circulating microbial metabolites, and gut microbiota–host co-metabolites, as well as metabolic health outcomes in young Chinese adults (n = 86), from the Carbohydrate Alternatives and Metabolic Phenotypes study in Shaanxi Province. Five principal component analysis-derived beverage drinking patterns were determined on self-reported SSB intakes, which were to a varying degree associated with 143 plasma levels of gut microbiota-related metabolites profiled by untargeted metabolomics. Moreover, carbonated beverages, fruit juice, energy drinks, and bubble tea exhibited positive associations with obesity-related markers and blood lipids, which were further validated in an independent cohort of 16,851 participants from the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China in Shaanxi Province. In contrast, presweetened coffee was negatively associated with the obesity-related traits. A total of 79 metabolites were associated with both SSBs and metabolic markers, particularly obesity markers. Pathway enrichment analysis identified the branched-chain amino acid catabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis as linking SSB intake with metabolic health outcomes. ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the associations between habitual intakes of SSBs and several metabolic markers relevant to noncommunicable diseases, and highlight the critical involvement of gut microbiota-related metabolites in mediating such associations.

Multidimensional analysis of the essential elements in pregnant women's whole blood and characterization of maternal status by elemental pattern

BackgroundDuring pregnancy, the fetus needs to obtain a lot of nutrients from the mother, but the micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy are not clear at present, and there is no reliable basis for nutrient intake and supplement. The purpose of this study was to understand the levels of essential elements in whole blood of pregnant women during various pregnancy stages at different ages and in different regions, to evaluate the deficiency of essential elements in Chinese pregnant women, and to explore the feasibility of using the elemental pattern to characterize maternal status. MethodsWhole blood samples of 11222 healthy pregnant women enrolled in different areas of China from Jan–Dec 2019, were analyzed for concentrations of six essential elements including Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, and Fe, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. A retrospective comparative study during different pregnancy periods at different ages and in different regions in whole blood essential elements content from non-pregnant normal women and pregnant normal women was developed using multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis evaluation elemental pattern was used to characterize pregnancy status of pregnant women. ResultsIn general, the levels of six essential elements in whole blood of pregnant women can satisfy the needs of normal physiological activities. With the development of pregnancy, the contents of Cu and Mn increased, while the contents of Fe and Mg decreased, and the contents of Zn and Ca have no noteworthy change. At the same gestation stage, the Cu content in whole blood of elderly pregnant women was higher. There were some differences in whole blood essential elements content of pregnant women in different regions. Principal component analysis and heat map analysis showed the feasibility of using bioinformatics research strategies to identify different pregnancies. ConclusionsThere are differences in the content of whole blood essential elements of women at different stages of pregnancy in different regions. It was found that there was no obvious deficiency in whole blood essential elements levels of pregnant women in recent years. The pattern of essential elements has a certain application potential in the evaluation of pregnancy and pregnant women's health status.

Learning Analytics to Determine Profile Dimensions of Students Associated with Their Academic Performance

With the recent advancements of learning analytics techniques, it is possible to build predictive models of student academic performance at an early stage of a course, using student’s self-regulation learning and affective strategies (SRLAS), and their multiple intelligences (MI). This process can be conducted to determine the most important factors that lead to good academic performance. A quasi-experimental study on 618 undergraduate students was performed to determine student profiles based on these two constructs: MI and SRLAS. After calibrating the students’ profiles, learning analytics techniques were used to study the relationships among the dimensions defined by these constructs and student academic performance using principal component analysis, clustering patterns, and regression and correlation analyses. The results indicate that the logical-mathematical intelligence, intrinsic motivation, and self-regulation have a positive impact on academic performance. In contrast, anxiety and dependence on external motivation have a negative effect on academic performance. A priori knowledge of the characteristics of a student sample and its likely behavior predicted by the models may provide both students and teachers with an early-awareness alert that can help the teachers in designing enhanced proactive and strategic decisions aimed to improve academic performance and reduce dropout rates. From the student side, knowledge about their main academic profile will sharpen their metacognition, which may improve their academic performance.

Phenotypes of Floral Nectaries in Developmental Mutants of Legumes and What They May Tell about Genetic Control of Nectary Formation.

Simple SummaryThe third largest angiosperm family, Leguminosae, is remarkable with the outstanding diversity of its flowers, usually monosymmetric and adapted to different pollination strategies. A key attractant of leguminous flowers is nectar. Compared with Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae), very little is known about regulation of floral nectaries development in legumes. This work aimed to investigate details of these nectaries’ morphology in flowers of mutants of different legume species. It was found that the changes in identity of petals and stamens usually do not affect a proper structure and position of nectaries in leguminous flowers, thus suggesting a high stability of attracting structures versus the pronounced plasticity of perianth and stamens. Some of genes involved in regulation of nectary development in Arabidopsis seem to have the same functions in legumes. The principal difference between Arabidopsis and legumes is connected with a flower monosymmetry in most representatives of the latter taxon, which is also reflected in structure of their floral nectaries.The vast majority of angiosperms attracts animal pollinators with the nectar secreted through specialized floral nectaries (FNs). Although there is evidence that principal patterns of regulation of FN development are conserved in large angiosperm clades, these structures are very diverse considering their morphology and position within a flower. Most data on genetic control of FN formation were obtained in surveys of a model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). There are almost no data on genetic factors affecting FN development in Leguminosae, the plant family of a high agricultural value and possessing outstandingly diverse flowers. In this work, the morphology of FNs was examined in a set of leguminous species, both wild-type and developmental mutants, by the means of a scanning electron microscopy. Unlike Brassicaceae, FNs in legumes are localized between stamens and a carpel instead of being associated with a certain floral organ. FNs were found stable in most cases of mutants when perianth and/or androecium morphology was affected. However, regulation of FN development by BLADE-ON-PETIOLE-like genes seems to be a shared feature between legumes (at least Pisum) and Arabidopsis. In some legumes, the adaxial developmental program (most probably CYCLOIDEA-mediated) suppresses the FN development. The obtained results neither confirm the role of orthologues of UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS and LEAFY in FN development in legumes nor reject it, as two studied pea mutants were homozygous at the weakest alleles of the corresponding loci and possessed FNs similar to those of wild-type.

Linear Inverse Modeling of Large-Scale Atmospheric Flow Using Optimal Mode Decomposition

Abstract Linear inverse modeling or principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis is a widely applied tool in climate science for extracting from data dominant spatial patterns together with their dynamics as approximated by a linear Markov model. The system is projected onto a principal linear subspace and the system matrix is estimated from data. The eigenmodes of the system matrix are the POPs, with the eigenvalues providing their decay time scales and oscillation frequencies. Usually, the subspace is spanned by the leading principal components (PCs) and empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Outside of climate science, this procedure is now more commonly referred to as dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). Here, we use optimal mode decomposition (OMD) to address the full linear inverse modeling problem of simultaneous optimization of the principal subspace and the linear operator. The method is illustrated on two pedagogical examples and then applied to a three-level quasigeostrophic atmospheric model with realistic mean state and variability. The OMD models significantly outperform the EOF/DMD models in predicting the time evolution of the large-scale flow modes. The advantage of the OMD models stems from finding more persistent modes as well as from better capturing the nonnormality of the linear operator and the associated nonmodal growth. The dynamics of the large-scale flow modes turn out to be markedly non-Markovian and the OMD modes are superior to the EOF/DMD modes also in a modeling setting with a higher-order vector autoregressive process. The OMD modes could also be used as basis functions for a nonlinear dynamical model although they are not optimized for that purpose. Potential applications of the OMD method in weather and climate science include ENSO or MJO prediction, reduced-rank data assimilation, and generation of initial perturbations for ensemble prediction.

Uncovering the spatiotemporal motif patterns in urban mobility networks by non-negative tensor decomposition

Investigating the macroscopic mobility laws of the population and the microscopic travel characteristics of individuals in a city offers an essential way of understanding the city as a complex system. Research that combines the travel laws of the population and individuals simultaneously poses a challenging and complicated task. In this paper, a 4-dimensional tensor is created to describe the spatiotemporal characteristics of people’s various mobility motifs. Non-negative tensor decomposition is used to identify the principal patterns of time, space, and daily motifs in a city and the level of interactions between them. Moreover, the major network indicators of the human mobility networks constructed in terms of three principal motif patterns are statistically analyzed and calculated from the complex network perspective. Relying on a conjoint analysis of core tensor and network indicators, we find that the three motif patterns correspond to three real-life mobility scenarios: simple motifs dominated by commuting, complex motifs based on more complicated life and entertainment activities, and single trips departing from or arriving at airports or railway stations, respectively. Furthermore, the intra-city mobility networks constituted based on the three motif patterns differ significantly in network heterogeneity, node importance, entropy, and clustering coefficient. This suggests that the existing studies on intra-city human mobility networks that only consider first-order trips may be the average results of aggregations containing many people with different characteristics. In our work, the specific research on the spatiotemporal characteristics of people with different mobility motif patterns can assist policy makers in conducting fine-scale management and implementing specific policies.

Interdecadal wind stress variability over the tropical Pacific causes ENSO diversity in an intermediate coupled model

The role of interdecadal wind stress variability in the genesis of ENSO diversity is examined by using an intermediate coupled model (ICM) in the tropical Pacific; two types of experiments are performed, one with the original ICM, and the other with interdecadal wind stress ( $${\uptau }_{interde}$$ ) effect being explicitly represented. The $${\uptau }_{interde}$$ component is derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset as follows. First, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is used to extract the interdecadal component of wind stress anomalies on about a 10–40 yr timescale. Next, an idealized interdecadal cycle of $${\uptau }_{interde}$$ is reconstructed by a principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis based on the EEMD-extracted interdecadal wind component. A 110-yr model integration is then performed by explicitly incorporating the reconstructed $${\uptau }_{interde}$$ cycle into the ICM. Compared with the regular interannual oscillation in the original ICM, the simulated ENSO events become highly irregular with interdecadal variations in the amplitude and asymmetry when the $${\uptau }_{interde}$$ effect is included. Especially, the model reproduces two types of El Niño with different spatial distribution and temporal evolution of SST anomalies, namely Eastern-Pacific (EP) and Central-Pacific (CP) types. Further attribution analyses are performed to understand the modulating effects of $${\uptau }_{interde}$$ in the tropical Pacific using the ocean component of the ICM, forced by the added $${\uptau }_{interde}$$ effect. Two different roles of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in modulating different types of El Niño are illustrated. On the one hand, the warm phase of IPO favors for the emergence of EP-El Niño events, in association with the initial warming signals occurring in the eastern equatorial Pacific, which are absent in the original ICM. On the other hand, the cold phase of IPO tends to shift the El Niño (i.e., the single type of El Niño in the original ICM) to an CP type, with which the SST anomalies propagate eastward along the equator but cannot extend into the eastern boundary. This simple modeling study highlights the significant contributions of interdecadal wind variability to the genesis of ENSO irregularity and diversity theoretically.

Association between dietary patterns and bacterial vaginosis: a case–control study

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a predominant vaginal disturbance that affects about 25% of childbearing-aged women. Dietary consumption may have a crucial role in vaginal flora imbalances. This study was a hospital-based case–control study. In total, 144 incident BV cases and 151 healthy participants were recruited from the gynecology clinic in Tehran, Iran, between November 2020 and June 2021. Participants' typical diets were collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Vaginal flora was characterized based on the Amsel criteria. Factor analysis was used to pinpoint the principal dietary patterns. For logistic regression, the first tertile was assumed as a reference. Five principal dietary patterns emerged and were nominated as "Healthy diet," "Unhealthy diet," "Ovo-vegetarian diet," "Pseudo-Mediterranean diet," and "Western diet." The "Unhealthy diet" pattern were positively associated with BV (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41, 7.94; ptrend: 0.006), while adherence to the "Ovo-vegetarian diet" pattern was associated with a reduced odds of BV (aOR = 0.16; 95% CI 0.07, 0.34; ptrend < 0.001). These results provide evidence that following the "unhealthy diet" pattern may lead to developing BV, and plant-based eating patterns may be associated with reduced BV odds.

Kinetics of Domain Structure in Co/Pt/Co Ultrathin Films with Ferromagnetic Interlayer Exchange Interaction: Dependence on Interlayer Thickness

We studied the in-field evolution of the domain structure in ultrathin Co(0.6 nm)/Pt(t)/Co(0.6) nm trilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for 5 nm &lt; t &lt; 6 nm using polar Kerr microscopy. The critical interlayer thickness tcr = 5.3 nm was found to separate two principal patterns of domain behavior including interlayer correlations and motility of the domain walls. It is shown that magnetization in both Co layers is coupled with strong ferromagnetic interaction for small Pt thickness (t &lt; tcr), while this coupling is weak for thicker (t &gt; tcr) Pt layers. Nonlinear dependence of the wall displacement on the field value is observed. The established final position of domain walls after relaxation depends on the Pt layer thickness. It is determined by balance of the interlayer exchange and energy gain due to the field. The mechanism of wall stabilization is considered in the case of independent wall motion. In the region with weak coupling, dependence of the interlayer interaction energy on Pt thickness was measured.

Pattern of Principal Management in Implementing Student's Religious Character (Study At SMK IT Khoiru Ummah)

The principal's management pattern in instilling religious character in students at SMK IT Khoiru Ummah is as an effort to grow the character of each student to become a noble human being. To find out the problem and get accurate data, the researcher used the method of observation, interviews and documentation. And using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. From this research, it can be said that the principal's management pattern in instilling religious character in students at SMK IT Khoiru Ummah is a form of implementation or hard work effort to provide intakes to students about religious education through various kinds of programs that are created and arranged. The hope is that in the future students in the IT Khoiru Ummah Vocational School will become students with religious character in accordance with the Qur'an and Sunnah. The activities that are programmed and implemented are: (a) Duha prayer, (b) Reading the Qur'an and Al-Matsurat, (c) Tahsin and Tahfizh activities for students. With all these programs, it is a starting point and indicator of the success of the management pattern process carried out to instill religious character in students.

An Aging and Senescence-Related Gene Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common solid lesion in the kidney. This study aims to establish an aging and senescence-related mRNA model for risk assessment and prognosis prediction in ccRCC patients. Methods: ccRCC data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) datasets. By applying univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression, a new prognostic model based on aging and senescence-related genes (ASRGs) was established. Depending on the prognostic model, high- and low-risk groups were identified for further study. The reliability of the prediction was evaluated in the validation cohort. Pan-cancer analysis was conducted to explore the role of GNRH1 in tumors. Results: A novel prognostic model was established based on eight ASRGs. This model was an independent risk factor and significantly correlated with the prognosis and clinicopathological features of ccRCC patients. The high- and low-risk groups exhibited distinct modes in the principal component analysis and different patterns in immune infiltration. Moreover, the nomogram combining risk score and other clinical factors showed excellent predictive ability, with AUC values for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival in the TCGA cohort equal to 0.88, 0.82, and 0.81, respectively. Conclusion: The model and nomogram based on the eight ASRGs had a significant value for survival prediction and risk assessment for ccRCC patients, providing new insights into the roles of aging and senescence in ccRCC.

Air Particulate Matter Significantly Alters Bacterial‐Derived Metabolites in APP/PS1 Mice

Alterations to gastrointestinal bacterial communities have been linked to the exacerbation of numerous diseases, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), via changes to bacterial‐derived metabolites. Community changes can result from antibiotic use, dietary changes, psychosocial stress, and possibly air particulate matter exposure. Previous studies from our group demonstrated that a transgenic mouse model predisposed to create amyloid‐β fibers similar to AD, namely APP/PS1 mice, exposed to air particulate matter (PM) led to significant increases in hippocampal amyloid‐β1‐40 (Aβ) and Aβ1‐42, as well as astrocytosis, microgliosis, and proinflammatory cytokines in the temporal cortex as compared to PM‐exposed non‐carrier mice. Such findings indicate the presence of PM2.5‐induced neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Recent data demonstrates PM‐induced alterations to the gut microbiome, prompting us to test the hypothesis that disruptions of microbial‐derived metabolites are present in PM‐exposed APP/PS1 mice. To test this hypothesis, APP/PS1 and non‐carrier, littermate wild type (WT) mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or PM for 5 days/week, 6 hours/day, for 3 months. The average daily PM exposure is 90.0 μg/m3, which is a 5‐fold concentration above the ambient mean daily PM2.5 concentration (18.8 ±11.4 μg/m3) at the study site in Columbus, OH. At the end of the 3‐month exposure, fecal samples were collected to assess bacterial byproducts, i.e. short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Serum samples were collected to characterize additional metabolites including the bacterial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated that SCFA butyric acid was significantly reduced by PM‐exposure in both APP/PS1 and WT animals as compared to their FA‐exposed counterparts (p&lt;0.01) and propionic acid was significantly increased in FA‐exposed APP/PS1 mice as compared to their WT counterparts (p&lt;0.0001). Serum metabolite analyses revealed distinct principal component patterns among groups, demonstrating unique metabolic profiles associated with exposure and genotype. One such metabolite, TMA, was significantly increased by PM‐exposure (p&lt;0.05). Taken together, these findings indicate that airborne particulate matter exposure alters metabolic profiles in a transgenic mouse model of AD.

A smart large-scale explosive-responsive amorphous photonic crystal sensor based on color analysis method

Leveraging advances in nanoscience and intelligent technology to engineer large-scale and stimuli-response amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) for use in inexpensive and portable sensing system for the detection of explosives. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloidal microspheres with uniform particle size and good mono-dispersion were used to prepare APCs by spraying method. The structural color of APCs was angle-independent and changed with different microspheres size. Meanwhile, a robotic arm was designed to achieve an automatic and large-scale preparation of APCs, and this more accurate and cost-effective method not only provides an automatic process for large-scale APCs pattern painting in chemical industry, but also gives chemical sensors an access to be smart devices in life. Then 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and cyclotetramethylenete-tranitramine (HMX) molecularly imprinted APCs (MIAPCs) were fabricated in the same way. The results showed that the response time of MIAPCs was 10 s, and the limit of detection was 0.01 mM with NaOH swollen. Specially, by using the more convenient HSB (Hue-Saturation-Brightness) and CIE (Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage) color analysis methods, combined with principal component analysis and pattern recognition methods, a sensor group with higher selectivity and sensitivity than a single sensor was constructed. A qualitative and semi-quantitative result was realized by responding to the changes of structural color before and after. Compared with traditional PhCs sensor, the APCs sensor has angle-independent structural color, which provides more accurate results and simplifies the detection based on the color analysis. This novel large-scale APCs sensor represents a potential of highly selective and real-time on-site visual explosive detection. In the meanwhile, the automatic APCs casting also offers chemical materials an access to combining with intelligent technology.

Patterns of progression of patients with high-volume metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer treated with early docetaxel chemotherapy: The LONGITUDE observational study.

107 Background: In patients (pts) with high-volume (HV) metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) the addition of six cycles of docetaxel (TXT) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the CHAARTED and STAMPEDE trials prolonged survival by 10-18 months (mo). Aim of our study was to evaluate the principal patterns of relapse after TXT and their clinical and prognostic significance. Methods: We conducted a multicentric (14 Italian Centers), prospective, observational study enrolling HV mCSPC patients treated with ADT plus early TXT. Clinical and pathological features were recorded. Time to castration resistance (TCR) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. The Chi-Square test, t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were used to assess difference between the groups as appropriate. Results: We identified 166 de novo mCSPC pts, with a median age of 64 years (range 38-84). The most common metastatic sites at diagnosis were: bone (93%) and lymph nodes (81%); visceral disease (lung and liver) was present in 36% of cases. 87% of pts had good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (0-1), the median baseline PSA was 359 ng/ml (range 2.64-5800) and 43% experienced cancer pain. 87% of 158 evaluable pts had a Grade Group (GG) ³4. The majority of pts (81%) completed six cycles of TXT. The median time to PSA nadir was 10.2 months (mo), PSA response &gt; 50% was achieved in 96% of pts and the most common best response reported was partial response (58%). At the time of this analysis, 122 pts (67%) had biochemical or radiographic progressive disease (PD) to TXT and 67 of these (60%) developing new metastatic sites (NMS). No differences with respect of main clinical features was found between NMS pts and nonNMS, with the exception of GG (96% of NMS pts had GG 4-5 vs 74% of nonNMS; p = 0.002). In NMS group we found a higher rate of nodal PD (52% vs 22%, p = 0.001) and higher rate of bone PD (73% vs 47%, p = 0.005) compared to nonNMS. No differences in the rate of visceral PD. With a median follow-up of 27.9 mo, the median TCR was 14.3 mo (95%CI 12.8-16.7), without significant differences between NMS and nonNMS groups. About 90% of progressed pts received first-line treatment for mCRPC disease with similar outcomes. The median OS was 41.8 mo for the overall population, with not significant differences between NMS and nonNMS groups (22 mo and 25 mo). Overall, median OS from mCRPC diagnosis was 19.6 mo, similar in NMS and no-NMS pts (10 mo and 12 mo). Conclusions: In progressive mCSPC pts receiving early TXT, we observed more frequently the development of NMS with an elevated GG and a trophism for bone and lymph nodes. However, the NMS progression does not seem to have a prognostic role. An extended follow up and the prospective data will be provided.

Spectrum of Novel Anti–Central Nervous System Autoantibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of 119 Patients With Schizophreniform and Affective Disorders

BackgroundAutoimmune psychosis may be caused by well-characterized anti-neuronal autoantibodies, such as those against the NMDA receptor. However, the presence of additional anti–central nervous system (CNS) autoantibodies in these patients has not been systematically assessed. MethodsSerum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with schizophreniform and affective syndromes were analyzed for immunoglobulin G anti-CNS autoantibodies using tissue-based assays with indirect immunofluorescence on unfixed murine brain tissue as part of an extended routine clinical practice. After an initial assessment of patients with red flags for autoimmune psychosis (n = 30), tissue-based testing was extended to a routine procedure (n = 89). ResultsBased on the findings from all 119 patients, anti-CNS immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against brain tissue were detected in 18% (n = 22) of patients (serum 9%, CSF 18%) following five principal patterns: 1) against vascular structures, most likely endothelial cells (serum 3%, CSF 8%); 2) against granule cells in the cerebellum and/or hippocampus (serum 4%, CSF 6%); 3) against myelinated fibers (serum 2%, CSF 2%); 4) against cerebellar Purkinje cells (serum 0%, CSF 2%); and 5) against astrocytes (serum 1%, CSF 1%). The patients with novel anti-CNS autoantibodies showed increased albumin quotients (p = .026) and white matter changes (p = .020) more frequently than those who tested negative for autoantibodies. ConclusionsThe study demonstrates five novel autoantibody-binding patterns on brain tissue of patients with schizophreniform and affective syndromes. CSF yielded positive findings more frequently than serum analysis. The frequency and spectrum of autoantibodies in these patient groups may be broader than previously thought.

An Investigation of the Hydrography of Chabahar Bay Using FVCOM Model and EOF Analysis

Chabahar Bay is a semi-enclosed and shallow omega-shaped bay, located on the south-eastern coasts of Iran. The 3D unstructured-grid Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model was employed to study the physical characteristics of water in Chabahar Bay. The correlation coefficients between the model and available measurements were 0.99 and 0.84 for water level and current velocity, respectively. The numerical results show that the depth averaged temperature of the Bay generally decreases from north to south and varies between 20-26 °C during the year. The basin average of annual salinity is 36.1 psu. Hence, the density increases from north to south and is strongly affected by temperature changes. The vertically average of sigma-t varies between 21.5-24.0 kg/m3. In the northern half of the Bay a warm center eddy is formed from March; during July, it strengthened and peaked in August. With Applying EOFs analysis on model surface temperature four principal patterns were determined. EOF1 corresponds to the bathymetry of the region and shows the heat capacity of the Bay, it is in accordance with the monsoon conditions. EOF2, 3, and 4 are corresponding to the effect of the wind. Due to dominant winds a strong upwelling was determined along the western coast.

Pengaruh Pola Rekrutmen Dan Disiplin Kerja Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Kepala Sekolah Smp Di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of recruitment patterns and work discipline on the performance of junior high school principals in Lombok Regency in Central Lombok Regency. This research is an explanatory research. The research design chosen was a non-experimental design. The population in this study were 92 state junior high schools in Central Lombok Regency. Samples were taken using a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique (4 schools with a recruitment pattern of 1, 36 with a pattern of 2, and 4 schools with a pattern of 3). Recruitment pattern data were collected using documentation techniques, principal discipline data and principal performance were collected using a questionnaire technique using a Likert scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to test the hypothesis. Hypothesis testing was carried out through a univariate general linear model (GLM) procedure using SPSS 20.0 at a significance level of 5%. The research results show; (1) the principal's recruitment pattern has a significant effect on the principal's performance (F = 13,471, p&lt;0,05), (2) the principal's discipline has a significant effect on the principal's performance (F = 4,999, p&lt;0,05), and (3) The pattern of recruitment and discipline of school principals together has a significant effect on the performance of junior high