Principal Paths Research Articles

A Roadmap for Navigating Phenomenon-Based Research in Management

McNamara and Schleicher have identified four principal paths for contributing to the Journal of Management (JOM): theoretical insights, phenomenon-driven research, research methodologies, and review papers. This editorial focuses on phenomenon-based research, emphasizing its potential for enhancing management knowledge by offering a nuanced understanding of real-world phenomena. Unlike traditional approaches, phenomenon-based research prioritizes the complexity of phenomena over the immediate generation of theoretical contributions. Grounded in established theory, phenomenon-based research utilizes the phenomenon itself as the primary source of insight, facilitating the development of relevant organizational frameworks. We propose a multistep framework encompassing phenomenon selection, framing, data collection, and study constraints, highlighting criteria—Pertinence, Reach, Insightfulness, Magnification, and Expediency (PRIME)—to guide scholars in identifying meaningful phenomena. Additionally, we discuss constraints that may limit research, including cultural, logistical, ethical, academic, and resource-related challenges (CLEAR). By addressing these considerations, we encourage management scholars to explore diverse and impactful phenomena, ultimately aiming to position JOM as a leading platform for phenomenon-based research and its contributions to real-world organizational challenges. This editorial advocates for a balanced approach that values both theory-driven and phenomenon-driven research in advancing management scholarship.

A compact yet flexible design space for large-scale nonperiodic 3D woven composites based on a weighted game for generating candidate tow architectures

Three-dimensional non-periodic woven composite preforms have sufficient design flexibility that tows can be aligned along principal loading paths even in shaped structural components with detailed local features. While this promises competitive performance, the feasible design space is combinatorially large, far beyond exhaustive search. Seeking a design space that is compact and easily searched yet can span the full potential of 3D weaving, we propose a method for generating candidate designs called the Background Vector Method (BVM) which treats weaving tows as agents in a game competing to match background vectors derived from different design requirements. The BVM generates candidate designs that adapt local architecture to global design goals by adjusting scalar weights. A manufacturing-based parameterization assures fabricability. The scope of possible designs and the speed of the BVM are illustrated by re-creating common periodic 3D weaving patterns and novel complex non-periodic architectures, with a route demonstrated to forming cavities, ducts, and other open volumes. How the BVM might be incorporated within an optimization algorithm is outlined and pathways are shown for systematically enlarging the design space as individual design problems may require.

Macro-micro Performances of Granular Materials Considering the Influences of Density and Stress Path under True Triaxial Conditions: A DEM Investigation

The mechanical behaviors of granular materials are dominated by internal structure, which are related to fabric evolution during loading. This study investigated the fabric evolution of granular materials with different densities and stress paths under true triaxial conditions. A series of discrete element numerical simulations with different intermediate principal stress coefficient b were carried out along the constant mean stress p and the constant minor principal stress σ3 stress paths for both loose and dense specimens. The results indicated that the constant-p stress path produced a faster increase in stress ratio than the constant-σ3 stress path at the same b. The effects of specimen density on the peak friction angle are greater than that of stress path. The microscopic analyses revealed that the constant-p stress path facilitates a much more preferential distribution of normal contact force network along the major principal direction. The discrepancies in the peak stress ratio under two stress paths were thus interpreted. The dense specimen will rapidly form a higher anisotropic distribution of the normal contact force network upon shearing, and its anisotropic intensity was almost twice that of the loose specimen at the peak stress state. In addition, a unique relationship between the strong deviatoric fabric ratio and stress ratio was presented. The ratio of the two was approximately 1.0 regardless of stress path, density and b value. Finally, an underlying relationship between the stress components and the whole fabric components at the critical state was confirmed by introducing a new stress tensor. The three principal components (F1, F2 and F3) of the whole fabric tensor can be quantitatively represented with the imposed three principal stress components (σ1, σ2 and σ3) by employing a relationship of F1:F2:F3 = σ10.27:σ20.27:σ30.27. It provides a more comprehensive perspective to analyze the macro-micro performances of granular materials at the critical state.

Multi-user transmit beamforming for broadband acoustic systems

Multi-user transmit beamforming for acoustic systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is studied and demonstrated. Transmit beamforming consists of assigning weight coefficients to multiple transmit elements, such that the signals transmitted from the array add constructively at the users' receive sides. In an optimal setting, the transmitter assigns weights that are proportional to the channel transfer functions to the users. However, the assumption of complete channel knowledge is not entirely accurate, as the transmitter obtains the channels via feedback from the users. Thus, the transmitter has partial knowledge of the channels, as their estimates are not only noisy, but can be outdated if the channels have changed during the time it took to close the feedback loop. These adversities are notably pronounced in time-varying acoustic channels, as the feedback delay is large as compared to the channel coherence time due to the low speed of sound propagation. To counteract this problem, a technique that targets only those features of the channels that can withstand the feedback delay is proposed. Such features are the users' angles of arrival of the principal propagation paths. The principal paths are stable paths that do not experience rapid fluctuations and are thus varying sufficiently slowly that they can tolerate long feedback delays. The design concepts are demonstrated using experimental over-the-air transmissions in an indoor environment of an acoustic communications testbed.

Syntheses of Group 5 Amide Amidinates and Their Reactions with Water: Different Reactivities of Nb(V) and Ta(V) Complexes.

Chemistries of Nb(V) and Ta(V) compounds are essentially identical as a result of lanthanide contraction. Hydrolysis of M(NMe2)5 (M = Nb, Ta), for example, yields [M(μ3-O)(NMe2)3]4 (M = Nb, 1; Ta, 2) reported earlier. The similar reactivities of Nb(V) and Ta(V) compounds make it challenging, for example, to separate the two metals from their minerals. We have found that the reactions of H2O with amide amidinates M(NMe2)4[MeC(NiPr)2] (M = Nb, 3; Ta, 4) show that the niobium and tantalum analogues take different principal paths. For the Nb(V) complex 3, the amidinate and one amide ligand are liberated upon treatment with water, yielding [Nb(μ3-O)(NMe2)3]4 (1). For the Ta(V) complex 4, the amide ligands are released in the reaction with H2O, leaving the amidinate ligand intact. [Ta(μ3-O)(NMe2)3]4 (2), the analogue of 1, was not observed as a product in the reaction of 4 with H2O. To our knowledge, this is the first example of the formation of two different complexes that maintain the (V) oxidation state in both metals. The new complexes M(NMe2)4[MeC(NiPr)2] (M = Nb, 3; Ta, 4) have been prepared by the aminolysis of M(NMe2)5 (M = Nb, Ta) with iPrN(H)C(Me)=NiPr (5). The hydrolysis of 3 and 4 has been investigated by DFT electronic structure calculations. The first step in each hydrolysis reaction involves the formation of a hydrogen-bonded complex that facilitates a proton transfer to the amidinate ligand in 3 and protonation of an axial dimethylamide ligand in 4. Both proton transfers furnish an intermediate metal-hydroxide species. The atomic charges in 3 and 4 have been computed by Natural Population Analysis (NPA), and these data are discussed relative to which of the ancillary ligands is protonated initially in the hydrolysis sequence. Ligand exchanges in 3 and 4 as well as the exchange in iPrN(H)C(Me)=NiPr (5) were probed by EXSY NMR spectroscopy, giving rate constants of the exchanges: 0.430(13) s-1 (3), 0.033(6) s-1 (4), and 2.23(7) s-1 (5), showing that the rate of the Nb complex Nb(NMe2)4[MeC(NiPr)2] (3) is 13 times faster than that of its Ta analogue 4.

Microstructure, Anisotropy and Formability Evolution of an Annealed AISI 430 Stainless Steel Sheet

The effect of the microstructure on the principal strain paths (uniaxial, plane, and biaxial) in the formability processes of ferritic stainless steel AISI 430 sheets is studied. The Marciniak test (determination of the plastic strain of sheet metal with a flat tip punch) is applied to determine the forming limit curves and different strain levels in the strain paths by the digital image correlation technique. The formability is discussed in light of the microstructure, standard mechanical properties, work hardening behavior, and anisotropy measurements (R‐value). Electron backscatter diffraction analysis is carried out to determine the texture of the selected strain paths. The texture evolution shows a marked γ (<111>// normal direction [ND]) fiber and cube ({001} <100>) texture component under the biaxial strain mode, whereas the α (<110>// rolling direction [RD]) fiber is somewhat favored under uniaxial plane strain. The results are compared with texture simulations performed under the fully constrained Taylor model, finding reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured main components.

Design of heterogeneous mesoscale structure for high mechanical properties based on force-flow: 2D geometries

Mesoscale structure (MS) design of parts unlocked by additive manufacturing has a significant impact on their mechanical and physical properties. Conventional homogeneous MS designed based on unit cells is not a globally optimal structure due to the incompatible with the variable stress field under the applied load. In contrast, naturally evolved heterogeneous MS such as bones and bamboos are perfectly adaptive to their applied loads and exhibit excellent structural efficiency. Therefore, a heterogeneous MS design method of 2D geometry based on force-flow for high mechanical properties is proposed. The generation methods of two characterization forms of force-flow, principal stress lines and load paths, force-flow guided heterogeneous MS generation method, and MS volume fraction control method are detailed. Force-flow is generated using interpolation method based on the stress information extracted from finite element analysis (FEA) results. Then, force-flow is used as a guide to generate heterogeneous MS highly coordinated with the stress field. Customization of heterogeneous MS volume fraction is achieved by regulating the sparsity of force-flow lines based on the number of seed points in the design domain. Finite element simulations and mechanical tests of different specimens demonstrate that force-flow based heterogeneous MS has higher strength and stiffness compared to homogeneous honeycomb MS and grid MS.

Load-Path-Based Topology Optimization of Two-Dimensional Continuum Structures

The connection between topology optimization and load transfer is established in this work. The load transfer functions are used as an intermediate variable for topology optimization. This approach uses the total variation to minimize different objective functions such as the norm of the stress tensor and deviatoric principal stress subjected to equilibrium. To attain the topology of the microstructure, the principal load paths that follow the optimized principal stress directions are calculated. The principal vector field has singularities that are removed by an interpolation scheme. The optimal periodic microstructure is constructed using the load functions and the microstructures’ dimensions. The first advantage of this scheme is that using the load functions reduces the number of equilibrium constraints from two to one and reduces the number of variables from three stress tensor components to two load functions, leading to computational cost savings. The second advantage is that the nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations derived from the total variation equations are solved using the Gauss–Newton method, which has a quadratic convergence, speeding up the convergence toward the optimal structure. The third feature of the load-path-based optimization method is that the equilibrium and optimization problems are solved simultaneously.

In-field harvest loss of mechanically-harvested maize grain and affecting factors in China

Field harvest loss is a common problem of maize grain mechanical harvesting in China and abroad. From 2012 to 2019, 2987 groups of samples for the quality of mechanical grain harvesting in field were obtained in 21 major maize-producing provinces, cities, and regions of China. The analysis performed in this study showed that the average harvest loss of fallen ears was equivalent to 76.5% of the total harvest loss, indicating that the harvest loss in the mechanical harvesting of maize grain mainly came from the loss of fallen ears. Meanwhile, statistical analysis of the harvest loss in different ranges of grain moisture contents showed that, when the grain moisture content fell below 20%, the harvest loss rate of fallen ears and the total harvest loss rate both increased sharply, and the harvest loss of fallen ears increased faster than the harvest loss of fallen grain with a decreasing grain moisture content. Moreover, the results of multi-point experiments and harvest experiments in different periods showed that, during harvesting time, the harvest loss of fallen ears caused by lodging was the main reason for in-field harvest losses in the mechanical harvesting of maize grain. Apart from the above mentioned, the test results of 35 groups of harvesters for the in-field mechanical harvesting of maize grain showed that the harvester types and their operating parameters were important factors affecting the harvest loss in the mechanical harvesting of maize grain. Therefore, the principal paths to reduce harvest loss in the mechanical harvesting of maize grain are to breed lodging-resistant maize varieties, adopt reasonable planting densities, cultivate healthy plants, develop harvesters with low harvesting loss, intensify the training of operators, and harvest at an appropriate time. Keywords: maize grain, mechanical harvest, harvest losses, affecting factors, fallen ears, fallen grain DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211401.6036 Citation: Hou L Y, Wang K R, Wang Y Z, Li L L, Ming B, Xie R Z. In-field harvest loss of mechanically-harvested maize grain and affecting factors in China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(1): 29–37.

Using Principal Paths to Walk Through Music and Visual Art Style Spaces Induced by Convolutional Neural Networks

Computational intelligence, particularly deep learning, offers powerful tools for discriminating and generating samples such as images. Deep learning methods have been used in different artistic contexts for neural style transfer, artistic style recognition, and musical genre recognition. Using a constrained manifold analysis protocol, we discuss to what extent spaces induced by deep-learning convolutional neural networks can capture historical/stylistic progressions in music and visual art. We use a path-finding algorithm, called principal path, to move from one point to another. We apply it to the vector space induced by convolutional neural networks. We perform experiments with visual artworks and songs, considering a subset of classes. Within this simplified scenario, we recover a reasonable historical/stylistic progression in several cases. We use the principal path algorithm to conduct an evolutionary analysis of vector spaces induced by convolutional neural networks. We perform several experiments in the visual art and music spaces. The principal path algorithm finds reasonable connections between visual artworks and songs from different styles/genres with respect to the historical evolution when a subset of classes is considered. This approach could be used in many areas to extract evolutionary information from an arbitrary high-dimensional space and deliver interesting cognitive insights.

Implementation of Digital Education: Problems and Solutions

Aim. The presented study aims to identify the key problems for the participants of the educational process caused by the introduction of digital education into the educational environment of an educational institution and to formulate possible solutions to these problems.Tasks. The authors analyze the mechanism of implementation of digital technologies in the educational process; identify weak points in the active introduction of distance learning; outline opportunities for the development of digital education.Methods. This study uses the methods of the systems approach, comparative and structural analysis, analytical and theoretical generalization.Results. The major problems of digital education implementation are identified; two principal development paths are proposed with an aim to improve the efficiency and quality of educational services based on digital technologies.Conclusions. The main problems of digital education implementation are the lack of face-to-face communication and real-life interaction between the teacher and students; insufficient technical equipment (the need for computers, laptops, tablets); poor performance of the equipment that hosts information resources combined with large amounts of transmitted data. As possible solutions to these problems, the authors outline two major development paths: improving the quality of educational content and developing efficient tools, i.e. a modern online education platform.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Dual Phase Steel (DP780) Sheet Forming Limit and Effect of Microstructure Evolution on Formability

The application of dual phase steel in the automotive sector is increasing due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and good shock absorption capacity. The formability of dual phase steel is complex due to its multiphase microstructure which results in inaccurate formability prediction using numerical methods. The present study is aimed at analyzing the forming behavior and microstructure evolution of a dual phase steel, DP780, at different strain paths. The forming behavior of this steel was analyzed in terms of forming limit diagram (FLD) using Nakazima tests and finite element method. Various necking criteria were used to construct the FLD. Samples deformed at different dome height for three principal strain paths and strain levels were subjected to detailed microstructure and texture investigations. The microstructure and texture study was mainly focused on analyzing the development of deformation texture, misorientation development and orientation hardness. These studies showed that the formability of DP780 steel is largely affected by the development of γ fiber texture. Also, the evolution of other microstructure and texture quantifiers such as texture intensity, misorientation and relative orientation hardness at different strain paths was correlated with the formability of the material.

Occurrence, leaching, and mobility of major and trace elements in a coal mining waste dump: The case of Douro Coalfield, Portugal

The coal mining residues from past mining activities in the Douro Coalfield are emplaced in many dumps near the mining areas, causing substantial environmental impacts. This study aims to contribute to the investigation of environmental impacts caused by the disposal of the residue in the Douro Coalfield through the determination of the geochemical composition of waste materials collected at 3 – 15 m depth, and of the water-leachable fraction produced by percolation in these materials inside the dump. The elements with higher concentration in the leachates are Ca, Cd, Co, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, S, and Zn, indicating that they are the most easily leached and accessible elements for percolation and mobilization into the environment. The presence of these elements in the leachates is principally attributed to their occurrence as water-soluble ions in clays and sulphides affected by natural weathering conditions, which promotes their breakdown and occurrence as exchangeable ions. The leachates are classified as acid high-metal. Natural weathering and leaching in the São Pedro da Cova waste dump are the principal paths for chemical elements to be percolated and mobilized to environment, posing risk to the soils, waters and ecosystems in the surrounding areas.

Influence of Initial Anisotropy, Stress Path and Principal Stress Rotation on Monotonic Behavior of Clean and Mixed Sands

It is widely accepted that soil behavior is complicated taking into account soil anisotropy owing to the fact that this phenomenon arises from oriented soil fabric or structure forged in the deposition stage. In this study, a review of major findings of authors’ previous studies are presented with the main focus on soil anisotropy using extensive experimental results incuding Triaxial (TXT), Simple Shear (SSA), and Hollow Cylinder (HCA) apparatus. Effects of initial anisotropy, fabric evolution, stress path, principal stress rotation and intermediate stress state are evaluated for a crushed silica sand. In addition, the effects of Portland cement content and granulated rubber contents on anisotropic behavior of the sand are investigated. Bender elments are mounted on triaxial specimens both in vertical and horizontal directions to measure the shear wave velocity and hence maximum shear modulus at the end of consolidation as well as during shearing up to large strains at critical state condition, as an index of evaluating the fabric evolution. The effects of principal stress rotation and stress paths reveals the crucial role of soil anisotropy on the behavior of clean sand. However, adding either cement or granulated rubber to the sand has considerably decreased anisotropy.

Effect Of Temperature And Strain Rate On The Plastic Anisotropic Behavior Characterized By A Single Biaxial Tensile Test

The heterogeneous strain field measured by digital image correlation in the central gauge area of a cruciform specimen permits to characterize the plastic anisotropic behavior of metallic sheets with a unique specimen [1]. Indeed, minor and major strains measured along several paths show a wide range of strain states, from uniaxial to equi-biaxial stress state. Thanks to the recording of forces along the two loading directions and to the strain field measurement, an identification of complex anisotropic yield criteria (like Bron and Besson criterion) is possible by inverse procedure. Then, a unique test is sufficient to evaluate the anisotropic behavior of the sheet. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of temperature and strain rate on the anisotropic behavior of AA6061 sheet. For this purpose, a biaxial device equipped with four hydraulic cylinders and accumulators (applied speed until 200mm/s), and with an air flow generator (applied temperature up to 160°C) is used to perform in-plane biaxial tensile tests for different conditions of strain rate and temperature. Numerical simulations of the equi-biaxial tensile test are then performed for these different experimental conditions. The numerical simulations are based on a FE model of the cruciform specimen including temperature and strain rate hardening dependencies while the Bron and Besson yield criterion has been calibrated only at room temperature and under quasi-static conditions. Finally, agreement between experimental and numerical evolutions of principal strains and strain paths ratios along three specific profiles is compared and the relevance of using only one experimental condition (room temperature and quasi-static strain rate) to calibrate the yield criterion is discussed.

Cognitive Insights into Sentic Spaces Using Principal Paths

The availability of an effective embedding to represent textual information is important in commonsense reasoning. Assessing the quality of an embedding is challenging. In most approaches, embeddings are built using statistical properties of the data that are not directly interpretable by a human user. Numerical methods can be inconsistent with respect to the target problem from a cognitive view point. This paper addresses the issue by developing a protocol for evaluating the coherence between an embedding space and a given cognitive model. The protocol uses the recently introduced notion of principal path, which can support the exploration of a high-dimensional space. The protocol provides a qualitative measure of concept distributions in a graphical format, which allows the embedding properties to be analyzed. As a consequence, the tool mitigates the black-box effect that is typical of automatic inference processes. The experimental section involves the characterization of AffectiveSpace, demonstrating that the proposed approach can be used to describe embeddings. The reference cognitive model is the hourglass model of emotions.

Large-Scale Stable Isotope Alteration Around the Hydrothermal Carbonate-Replacement Cinco de Mayo Zn-Ag Deposit, Mexico

Carbonate-hosted hydrothermal deposits typically show narrow visible mineralogical and textural alteration halos, which inhibit exploration targeting. In contrast, hydrothermal modification of the country rock’s stable isotope composition usually extends far beyond the limited visible alteration. Hence, stable isotope studies should be an effective tool to aid exploration for carbonate-hosted deposits. Here we present new insight into the development of a large stable isotope alteration halo based on 910 O and C isotope analyses of carbonate veins and hydrothermally altered limestone hosting the Cinco de Mayo Pb-Zn-Ag (Au, Cu) carbonate replacement deposit (CRD), in Chihuahua, Mexico. Our results demonstrate that stable isotope alteration is consistent with reactive, magmatic fluid flow into unaltered limestone and represents a powerful tool for the characterization of these hydrothermal ore systems. Synmineralization veins are texturally and isotopically distinct from those formed during pre- and postmineralization diagenesis and fluid flow and show distinct gradients along the direction of mineralizing fluid flow: this appears to be a promising exploration vectoring tool. Downhole variations in wall-rock isotope values reveal aquifers and aquicludes and outline the principal hydrothermal flow paths. Furthermore, wall-rock δ18OVSMOW systematically decreases toward mineralization from ~23‰ to <17‰ over a distance of ~10 km, providing another vectoring tool. The extent of the stable isotope alteration halo likely reflects the overall fluid volume and areal extent of a fossil hydrothermal system, which may be expected to scale with the mineral endowment. This suggests that constraining the size, shape, and degree of isotopic alteration has direct application to mineral exploration by outlining the system and indicating the potential size of a deposit.

Development and Sustainability of Residential Communities (Neighbourhoods) in Egypt, Recommended Criteria and Indicators Drawn from International Trials

This paper adopts an inductive research approach and is divided into two sections. The first section is a theoretical inductive overview of international urban trends aimed at ensuring urban community sustainability and discusses residential neighborhood sustainability assessment tools used by some of the leading countries in this field. The second section examines new urban communities in Egypt according to their expected future development and urban development prospects. It proposes criteria that could be applied to the planning and design of road networks, housing units and site coordination to the sustainability of urban residential neighborhoods (the smallest design units in the study of residential urban community trends from the perspective of sustainability). The research conclusion take the sustainable residential neighborhood design principles and of the connection between sustainability assessment tools and elements of design reveals the existence of criteria that could be used to appraise residential neighborhood sustainability in Egypt. This elements contains “Principal Site Layout, Designing Roads and Paths, Coordination of the Site’s General Layout and Housing Units. finally A clear comprehension of the arrange objective, combined with a well-coordinated site facilitates getting clear directions to streets and buildings, promotes the conservation of native character and also the maintenance and maintenance of buildings associate degreed natural sites and creates an economical and comfy setting, all of that contribute to increased satisfaction among the neighborhood.

Finding Principal Paths in Data Space.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of principal paths in data space; we show that this is a well-characterized problem from the point of view of cognition, and that it can lead to salient insights in the analyzed data enabling topological/holistic descriptions. These paths, interestingly, can be interpreted as local principal curves, and in this paper, we suggest that they are analogous to what, in the statistical mechanics realm, are called minimum free-energy paths. Here, we move that concept from physics to data space and compute them in both the original and the kernel space. The algorithm is a regularized version of the well-known k -means clustering algorithm. The regularization parameter is derived via an in-sample model selection process based on the Bayesian evidence maximization. Interestingly, we show that this choice for the regularization parameter consistently leads to the same manifold even when changing the number of clusters. We apply the method to common data sets, dynamical systems, and, in particular, to molecular dynamics trajectories showing the generality, the usefulness of the approach and its superiority with respect to other related approaches.

Evidence of polygenetic carbon trapping in the Oman Ophiolite: Petro-structural, geochemical, and carbon and oxygen isotope study of the Wadi Dima harzburgite-hosted carbonates (Wadi Tayin massif, Sultanate of Oman)

The Wadi Dima area (Oman Ophiolite) exposes partially altered to highly serpentinized harzburgites that are cross-cut by intense (>20 Vol%) carbonate veining. We identified a sequence of 3 types of carbonate veins with compositions ranging from calcite to dolomite (Mg/Ca = 0-0.85). Type 1 carbonates occur as a fine diffuse vein network, locally replacing olivine cores, penetrative into the serpentinized harzburgites. They have depleted trace elements abundances (e.g., Yb < 0.2 × C1-chondrite) relative to other Wadi Dima carbonates, exhibit negative Ce and positive Y, U anomalies and a broad range in δ13CV-PDB (-5 to -15‰) and δ18OSMOW (18 to 31‰). These compositions are consistent with precipitation after seawater-derived fluids and/or fluids in equilibrium with mantle rocks and serpentines during cooling of oceanic lithosphere (110 to 15°C). Type 2 carbonates are localized in veins, which acted as main flow paths for fluids interacting with peridotites in the exhumed Oman mantle lithosphere (50°C-10°C). The orientation of these veins is controlled by the crystallographic anisotropy of Oman mantle peridotites. Type 2 carbonates record two stages. The first involved the formation of large calcite crystals of composition similar to Type 1 carbonates (trace element depleted; δ13CV-PDB B = -4 to -9‰ and δ18OSMOW = 26 to 30‰), which during the second stage were recrystallized to form dolomite and calcite microcrystals (trace element enriched; δ13CV-PDB = -7 to -13‰ and δ18OSMOW = 29 to 32‰), after fluids sampling different sources including contributions of sediment-derived components. They were most likely formed at shallow depths and record the transition from oceanic to continental settings during late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction. Type 3 veins reactivate Type 2 veins. They comprise dominantly calcite and dolomite microcrystals (Light REE enriched patterns) with isotopic compositions (δ13CV-PDB B ~ -7 to -8‰; δ18OSMOW~ 28 to 32‰) consistent with precipitation at low temperatures (T°<30°C) from surface/meteoric fluids. Type 3 veining is probably triggered by ophiolite uplift during the Oligocene to early Miocene. Our study presents new insights into the role of the initial mantle anisotropy in the orientation of the vein network and of principal flow paths during serpentinization and carbonatization of mantle peridotites. It also highlights the highly variable carbon isotope composition of carbonates and suggest different origins for these heterogeneities: the carbon isotope composition of the early Type 1 carbonates dispersed in the poorly connected peridotites is locally modified by serpentinization reactions whilst the carbon isotope compositions of Type 2 and 3 carbonates record mixing of fluids from different sources in high flow veins.