Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Research Articles

The Role of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Promoting Environmental Sustainability Among Students in Light of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030

Education for sustainable development aims to develop students' awareness of sustainability issues and foster their attitudes towards environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The study aimed to identify the role of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in promoting environmental sustainability among its students, in line with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. A descriptive analytical approach was used, with a sample of 341 university students. The study found that faculty members ranked first in promoting sustainability, followed by curricula, student activities, and university administration. The most important ways to activate the university's role in promoting sustainability from students' perspectives were rated as very important. Statistically significant differences were found between the sample's responses, with females expressing more support in university administration. Academic specialization also influenced responses, with scientific specializations showing more favor in university administration, faculty members, and curricula. The researchers made several recommendations based on the findings.

Enchronic cultural discourse analysis: a semio-cultural study of national identity discourse of Saudi Founding Day

ABSTRACT Calendrical events can conflate the political with the popular, for example, merging national identity with that of a political community, reflecting characteristics of glocalism. This article seeks to probe into Saudi national identity as emerging in the socio-political context of the calendrical event of Saudi Founding Day. Theoretically grounded in Shi-xu’s cultural approach to discourse (CAD), it adopts a methodological approach called Enchronic Cultural Discourse Analysis (ECDA) that is interfaced with insights from Enfield’s perspective of ‘enchrony’. Photos, with titles and comments, taken by 14 Saudi male students of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University during the event, are used as data. Informed by ECDA, semio-cultural manifestations of Saudi national identity as well as its glocal claims are examined. The analysis reveals four semio-cultural configurations that can be said to have constructed Saudi national identity: (1) Tropic temporalization: Saudi Women, the Saudi maglis, and the Saudi horse (2) situated contiguity of colour, architectural artefacts, and national flag; (3) royal cultural participation and its symbolic-historical associations; (4) café-located spatio-cultural object arrangements; and (5) personal narrative and cultural memory.

Impact of capital structure and free cash flow on the efficiency of energy firms in Saudi Arabia

The components of free cash flow and a firm’s capital structure affect the value of the firm. A firm with efficient cash management and optimum capital structure tends to have a better firm value. The current study examines the effect of capital structure and free cash flow on energy firms’ efficiency in Saudi Arabia. The data required for analysis were collected from a sample of seven energy companies from 2014 through 2022. The study used Data Envelopment Analysis to measure the efficiency of energy firms. Further, the simple regression and Generalized Linear Model were used to estimate the results. The study reports an average efficiency score of 1.13 for the energy companies, showing an efficiency increase. The results of simple regression are consistent with the results of the Generalized Linear Model. The study findings demonstrate that the association of firms’ capital structure is positive and significant (with a coefficient of 41.60, significant at a p-value of 0.01) to the efficiency of Saudi Arabian energy firms. Further, current research results indicate that firms’ free cash flows negatively affect the efficiency (with a coefficient of –0.79 and insignificant) of Saudi Arabian energy firms with no evidence. Therefore, the study accepts the association of free cash flow and firms’ efficiency as positive and rejects the alternative hypothesis that there is a negative association between free cash flow and efficiency in Saudi Arabian energy firms. AcknowledgmentThe researcher extends appreciation to Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University for funding this research through the project number 2023/02/25856.

Investigating EFL Students’ Perceptions about the Use of Beyond Textbook Materials for University Courses

Proficiency in English, in today’s globalized atmosphere, needs to be prioritized. This can be achieved by incorporating diverse, dynamic, and productive strategies intended to improve language proficiency. The use of different beyond textbook materials for teaching skills courses such as reading, writing, listening and speaking can be one such strategy. This study advocates that student teacher’s reliance should not always be based on prescribed textbooks, which may not always satisfy all students’ needs in different circumstances. Instead, resources other than textbooks can be a supportive supplement. This quantitative study investigates EFL students’ perceptions about the use of beyond textbook materials while studying skills courses in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU). The sample consisted of 68 student-participants: 30 males and 38 females studying in level three of 4-year BA program in the Department of English. Based on purposive sampling, only those student-participants were chosen who had already studied skills courses as freshmen. To collect data, a 20-item questionnaire was created, online, using Google Forms. The responses were collected using 5-point Likert scale containing agreement, frequency and quality response options. The findings reveal that students positively reacted to the use of beyond textbook materials for skills courses and acknowledged the contributions of such non-textbook resources towards learning EFL. This study is limited to a selected context. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies may focus on student-participants from different locations to, supposedly, achieve results that are more comprehensive. It is hoped, findings of this study will provide valuable insights for students, teachers, and future researchers alike in the context of EFL.

Developing Expressive Skills through Non–Linear Thinking Tasks: An Exploratory Study

EFL learners face dual challenges in writing sessions due to inadequate writing skills and the inability to generate and organize ideas as expected by the instructor. Differences in cultural backgrounds too act as hindrances and prevent them from thinking in a uni-directional way. Thus, a good number of learners show disinterest in writing sessions. Therefore, it becomes imperative to encourage learners to think differently from peers and acknowledge their efforts. The study adopted an exploratory sequential method to find the impact of non-linear/multiple-solution tasks on the expressive writing skills of learners. The sample comprised 39 students pursuing the first level of an undergraduate course at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. This study went through two stages of data analysis, first: Performance Evaluation, based on a four-level assessment process. The performance indicators were: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Second, a questionnaire was distributed to the participants after the fourth intervention to measure four indicators of motivation: attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. The results showed a significant relationship between divergent thinking, motivation, autonomy, and expressive writing skills. Based on the results of the present study, it can be suggested to give adequate importance to divergent thinking to develop expressive writing skills in students.

Undergraduate Translation Courses: Students' Perceptions at Prince Sattam Universities

The primary goal of this research was to investigate students' perceptions of translation classes in the English language department at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. The obtained data underwent fundamental analysis to determine students' concerns and identify components needing alteration to align with their learning objectives. According to the study, students developed an intellectual inclination, focused on recent discoveries, and were motivated to learn more about translation. They comprehended the course's learning objectives, believed it enhanced their professional development, and found it to meet their expectations. Students gained knowledge of translation concerns and key concepts, along with proficiency in translation processes and problem-solving techniques. According to students, the course was thorough, with an appropriate workload, fair evaluation, clear test requirements, and valuable feedback. They appreciated open communication, interaction with tutors, and collaborative problem-solving in translation challenges. The study suggests investigating students' impressions of web-based distance learning courses and how these attitudes evolve during translation courses. Recommendations include faculty training and incentives to participate. This training would assist instructors in becoming more familiar with the material and building effective teaching strategies. It would also guide academics in applying their own research and/or clinical practice, serving as a model for students' reflective practice. It is recommended that students hear from graduates currently applying this knowledge. Finally, future research may focus on translation programs at other universities in Saudi Arabia.

Assessing Saudi EFL Learners’ Use and Understanding of English Idioms: Perceptions, Problems, and Patterns of Learning

This study aims to investigate Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions of English idioms, their problems, and the patterns of their learning and understanding of English idioms. 458 students (around 10%) were selected through a random sampling method from the undergraduate learners in different levels of programs at the College of Business Administration and the College of Science & Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA. As the study looked at how certain independent variables (gender, level/year of study, and parents’ profession) shaped dependent variables (perceptions/attitudes), a questionnaire was self-developed which includes modified items from existing research. A quantitative approach (descriptive statistics) was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions were very positive about English idioms and their impact on enhancing their English proficiency. It was found that lack of background information, unfamiliarity, variation in literal interpretation, lack of Arabic parallels, and insufficient EFL classroom training made learning English idioms challenging for respondents. It was also revealed that Saudi EFL learners acquired and comprehended English idioms via using them in sentences, consulting a dictionary, guessing from contexts, group discussions, and breaking them down into their constituent parts. One-way ANOVA analysis found no statistically significant difference among the respondents based on their demographic differences. The study holds implications for both teachers and students as it will help them teach and learn English idioms effectively. The most common method is translating English idioms into their language.

WITHDRAWN: Empowering tomorrow's healers: Unveiling the impact of a palliative education program on nursing students' efficiency in caring for dying patients

BackgroundMany nursing students lack comprehension of palliative care, which affects their readiness to care for individuals at the end of life. Implementing a focused educational strategy can improve their understanding, emotions, behavior, and attitudes, leading to exceptional care. AimTo evaluate the Impact of a Palliative Education Program on Nursing Students' Efficiency in Caring for Dying Patients. MethodsA quasi-experimental design involved 216 nursing students from Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Data collection included demographic details and questionnaires: Palliative Care Quiz, Frommelt Attitudes, and Death Attitude Profile—Revised. ResultsMore than half (51.9 %) of the participants were below 20 years old, with an average age of 22.8 ± 13.5 years. The majority were female (51.4 %), and 86.6 % had not received palliative care education. Post-program implementation, a significant improvement was observed in total mean scores of knowledge (62.46 ± 4.51), Frommelt Attitudes (240.16 ± 8.9), and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (4.51 ± 42.46). ConclusionThe study validates the efficacy of the Palliative Education Program, demonstrating a notable enhancement in nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness to care for dying patients. These findings substantiate the beneficial influence of targeted educational approaches in augmenting students' proficiency in palliative care. RecommendationsIncorporate similar Palliative Education Programs widely to better equip nursing students for providing compassionate end-of-life care.

A Proposd Perception for Developing University Administration in Saudi Universities to Achieve Competitive Advantage (Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University as a Model)

The study aimed to identify the reality of the role of university administration in Saudi universities in order to achieve the competitive advantage from the point of view of university leaders at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University as a model, and to develop a proposed perception for the development of university management in Saudi universities to achieve competitive advantage. The study used the descriptive developmental methodology. The questionnaire was used as a tool to obtain data, and the study sample was (172). The study found that the reality of the role of university administration in Saudi universities in achieving competitive advantage was medium. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences due to the variables of gender and years of experience.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 14, No. 3

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 14, Number 3Abdul Majeed Hameed Joodi, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, IraqAcep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAndrés Canga , University of La Rioja, SpainAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAravind B R, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, IndiaAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptAyman Rashad Rashid Yasin, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, JordanBadri Abdulhakim Mudhsh, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, OmanBahram Kazemian, Islamic Azad University, IranBeibei Ren, University of South Florida, USABerhane Gerencheal, Aksum University, EthiopiaChristian Jay Olandria Syting, University of Mindanao, PhilippinesChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanGhazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaHussain Hamid Ali Ghazzaly, Al-Azhar University, EgyptInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJamal Uthman Nogoud, University of Buraimi, OmanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesJunhua Peng, Anshun University/Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaLuqman Rababah, Jadara University, JordanMohamad Amin Shirkhani, University of sistan and baluchestan, IranMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMounir Jilani Ben Zid, Sultan Qaboos University, OmanMuhammad Farkhan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMundi Rahayu , Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, IndonesiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg, GermanyOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaPatsawut Sukserm, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute (CULI), ThailandPhyll Jhann Gildore, UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO, PhilippinesRaeesabegam Usmani, NMIMS University, Hyderabad Campus, IndiaRamesh Manickkam, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. Priya, Subbalakshmi Lakshmipathy College of Science, IndiaS. Sakthivel, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. V. Dhanawade, Vivekanand College(Autonomous) Kolhapur, IndiaSaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University of Mosul, IraqŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaSohaib Alam, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaWahaj Unnisa Warda, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), MalaysiaYi-Zhen Chang, National Taipei University of Business, TaiwanZijun SHNE, Sichuan University of Media and Communications, China

Physical properties and maximum allowable mass-radius relation of complexity-free compact stellar objects within modified gravity formalism* *The authors MKJ and SKM acknowledge that this work is carried out under TRC Project (BFP/RGP/CBS/22/014). This study is also supported via funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number (PSAU/2024/R/1445). The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific

This paper investigates the physical properties and predicted radii of compact stars generated by the Tolman-IV complexity-free model within the background of modified gravity theory, particularly the -gravity theory, under complexity formalism for a spherically symmetric spacetime proposed by L. Herrera [Phys Rev D 97: 044010, 2018]. By solving the resulting set of differential equations, we obtain the explicit forms of the energy-momentum (EM) tensor components, including the density, radial pressure, and tangential pressure. The influence of the parameter χ on various physical properties of the star is thoroughly investigated. The model undergoes a series of rigorous tests to determine its physical relevance. The findings indicate that the model exhibits regularity, stability, and a surface with vanishing pressure. The boundary of this surface is determined by carefully selecting the parameter space. The complexity method employed in gravity offers an interesting approach for developing astrophysical models that are consistent with observable events as demonstrated by recent experiments. In this regard, we use observational data from the GW190814 event, detected by the LIGO and Virgo observatories, to investigate the validity of the Tolman-IV model in gravity. The analysis includes comparing the model's predictions with the observed characteristics of the compact object involved in the merger. In addition, data from two-millisecond pulsars, PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0952-0607, are incorporated to further constrain the theoretical theories. However, we present a diagram depicting the relationship between the total mass and radius of the compact object candidates for different values of χ.

Students’ Practice of Digital Citizenship Values at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University

This study assesses the degree to which students practice digital citizenship values at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. The researchers identified elements of digital citizenship and divided them into three areas: respect, education, and protection. Following a descriptive approach, the sample consisted of 540 male and female students who were randomly selected. The study found strong results in all three areas, although protection had the lowest practice. Female students were significantly more likely than male students to practice these values. Significant differences were also found according to field of study.

The Impact of Virtual Learning on Students’ Engagement in the Saudi EFL Context: A Connectivism-Theoretic Perspective

Drawing on the connectivism learning theory (CLT), this paper probes the extent to which virtual learning (VL) influences students’ engagement (SE) in the Saudi EFL context. More specifically, this paper tests the hypothesis of whether or not VL improves SE in terms of eight learning variables: class attendance, class participation, the acquisition of the four language skills, learning anxiety, learning motivation, learning self-efficacy, willingness to communicate, and learning autonomy. This paper adopts a mixed-method approach, represented by both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis and constituting two methodological instruments: a questionnaire and an interview. The sample consists of 256 EFL majors who are studying English at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, and 14 EFL teachers who are teaching English at the same university. Three main findings are reported in this study: first, there is a positive attitudinal perception by the participants concerning the impact of VL on SE; second, VL increases students’ attendance, enhances their class participation, learning motivation, learning self-efficacy, learning autonomy, and willingness to communicate, and it decreases students’ learning anxiety; and third, SE is influenced by VL in terms of both productive and receptive language skills; positively, with regard to speaking and listening; and negatively, in terms of reading and writing. Pedagogically, the results of this paper necessitate reconsidering the efficiency with which new technologies are used in learning and teaching, and it is further anticipated to offer promising potential for the possibility of whether or not to completely depend on virtual learning in the near future.

EFL Majors' Attitudes toward Distance Learning via MOOCs: A Comparative Study between Egypt and Saudi Arabia

This research aimed to investigate the attitudes of EFL majors in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia towards distance learning with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and the underlying factors influencing such attitudes. A mixed method was employed to meet such an end, incorporating a quantitative method of investigation (an attitude questionnaire) and a qualitative one (semi-structured interviews). Quantitively, the participants, who were randomly selected, were 218 EFL majors: 114 from the Faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo, Al-Azhar University in Egypt, and 104 from the College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University- Saudi Arabia. Qualitatively, ten EFL majors (five Egyptian and five Saudi) were purposively selected using Convenience Sampling Technique. Quantitatively, the results revealed that both Egyptian and Saudi Arabian EFL majors exhibited negative attitudes toward distance learning via MOOCs. Qualitatively, some underlying factors interpreting the participants’ attitudes were revealed, i.e., a lack of interactivity and social interaction, limited technological proficiency, language barriers, inadequate feedback, unclear learning objectives, insufficient resources, and concerns about the credibility of MOOCs certificates. The research recommended raising the EFL learners’ awareness about MOOCs, empowering them with systematic support to overcome the technical and linguistic challenges, and fostering collaboration among universities and MOOCs services providers.

Understanding English Language Anxiety among Undergraduate Saudi EFL Learners: The Case of Business College, PSAU

This study aims to investigate English language anxiety among Saudi EFL learners, understand their experience with the causes and sources of their anxiety, and examine if they witness differences in their anxiety based on the differences in their demographic profile. As the study seeks to understand how certain independent variables (gender, employment profile of learners’ parents, and their educational level) shape and affect the dependent variable (English language anxiety), the quantitative approach (descriptive quantitative design) was selected, and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale developed by Horwitz et al. (1986) was utilized to collect the data from the participants. A simple random sampling method was employed to select 205 respondents from the total population of students studying at different levels of the undergraduate program at the College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. The results of the study found that the participants experienced moderate levels of anxiety and that there were several sources of anxiety among Saudi EFL learners. Test and communicative anxieties were found to be the major sources of English language anxiety followed by classroom and negative evaluation anxieties respectively. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed no difference of any significance for English language anxiety among Saudi English students due to variance in their demographic profile. The study findings hold implications as they would be of immense use in addressing the issue of anxiety, understanding the possible sources, and finding ways to overcome issues of anxiety and help students move away from anxiety towards acquiring effective and excellent English language skills and proficiency. 
 
 Received: 20 September 2023 / Accepted: 19 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

The Effectiveness of The Concept Mapping Strategy in Developing of Digital Concepts Among Students at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University

This study aimed to explore the efficacy of concept mapping in enhancing digital concept development among female undergraduate students enrolled in a computer skills course. A total of 70 participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group instructed through concept mapping, or a control group taught using traditional methods. The experimental group, utilizing concept mapping, significantly outperformed the control group in posttest assessments of digital concepts (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that concept mapping can effectively boost digital literacy within computer skills education. Recommendations encompass the integration of concept mapping in computer and digital skills courses, offering training to both educators and students on the use of concept mapping, and the active incorporation of this strategy across educational levels. In summary, this investigation underscores the significance of concept mapping as a potent instructional approach for cultivating fundamental digital competencies.
 
 Received: 19 December 2023 / Accepted: 16 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Awareness of Common Eye Diseases Among College Students at A Saudi University

Introduction: Many eye conditions, including cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, are among the major causes of blindness in the world. There were many studies on the subject worldwide but fewer in the Middle East; hence, the subject needs more investigation. This research is significant as it fills the gap in the literature on the awareness of common eye diseases in Saudi Arabia. This study was carried out to assess the awareness of common eye diseases among college students at a Saudi University. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, including college students at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and was analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: Our study included 579 participants. 62.7% of participants reported no family history of eye diseases, and among those who did, dry eye was the most frequently mentioned condition, with 27.8%. Cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy had lower reported family histories at 12.3%, 5.9%, and 3.5%, respectively. Concerning awareness, 60.3% of participants were aware of dry eye, followed by cataract (38.7%) and glaucoma (33.3%). However, 26.9% reported no awareness of any eye disease. The internet emerged as the most significant source of information (46.7%), while family, friends, and relatives were also prominent sources (35.4%). Regarding knowledge of specific eye diseases, there were varying awareness levels. For example, 58.4% recognized cataract as treatable, and 42.5% knew glaucoma could cause blindness. Conclusion: A significant proportion of participants exhibited awareness of conditions like dry eye, cataract, and glaucoma; there is room for improvement. Study findings underscore the importance of educational interventions aimed at enhancing awareness, especially for students in non-medical disciplines.

Using artificial intelligence for English language learning: Saudi EFL learners' opinions, attitudes and challenges

The study investigates EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners' opinions, attitudes and the challenges of incorporating AI-powered teaching and learning. It also examines how their ideas and attitudes are affected by demographic variables. 258 students were selected using a random sampling method from a population comprising students studying in different levels of programs at the College of Science and College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdul-Aziz University, KSA. A questionnaire was self-developed using some modified items from prior studies as the study looks at how certain independent variables (e.g., study level, residential background and parents' educational level) affect the dependent variable (e.g., learners' opinions, attitudes and challenges for AI-powered learning and teaching). The quantitative approach (descriptive quantitative design) revealed that Saudi EFL students held a high level of positive opinions and attitudes towards AI-powered learning. However, the analysis found that many students thought implementing AI-powered learning was challenging. A one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference based on respondents' residential background and parental education. However, respondents differed significantly based on their level or year of study. The study findings will assist administrators and course teachers in using AI-powered technologies to overcome challenges and prepare students for achievement in the English language.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 14, No. 1

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 14, Number 1Abdul Syahid, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, IndonesiaAbdulfattah Omar, The Australian National University, AustraliaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAmer M Th Ahmed, Dhofar University, OmanAnna Maria Kuzio, University of Zielona Gora, PolandAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAravind B R, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, IndiaAtyaf Hasan Ibrahim, Al Iraqia University, IraqAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptBadri Abdulhakim Mudhsh, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, OmanBeibei Ren, University of South Florida, USABerhane Gerencheal, Aksum University, EthiopiaChristian Jay Olandria Syting, University of Mindanao, PhilippinesDeena Elshazly, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, EgyptDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanFatma Abusrewel, The University of Tripoli, LibyaGhazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaHussain Hamid Ali Ghazzaly, Al-Azhar University, EgyptInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJamal Uthman Nogoud, University of Buraimi, OmanJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesJunhua Peng, Anshun University/Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College ( Autonomous), IndiaLihong Ding, Lanzhou University of Arts and Sciences, ChinaMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, University of the Punjab, PakistanMeenakshi Sharma Yadav, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaMelania Terrazas Gallego, University of La Rioja, SpainMohamad Amin Shirkhani, University of sistan and baluchestan, IranMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMohammed AbdAlgane, Qassim University, Saudi ArabiaMuhammad Farkhan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMundi Rahayu, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, IndonesiaMusa Saleh, Qimam Al-Ulum Institute for Languages, Saudi ArabiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg, GermanyOmar (Mohammad-Ameen) Hazaymeh, Al-Balqa Applied University / Al-Huson University College, JordanÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeyP. Jayakumar, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, IndiaPhyll Jhann Gildore, University of Mindanao, PhilippinesRaeesabegam Usmani, NMIMS University, Hyderabad Campus, IndiaRamesh Manickkam, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaReimundus Raymond Fatubun, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura, IndonesiaS. V. Dhanawade, Vivekanand College(Autonomous) Kolhapur, IndiaSaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University of Mosul, IraqSara Mansouri, Islamic Azad University-Najafabad branch, IranŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninSohaib Alam, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaWahaj Unnisa Warda, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), MalaysiaYi-Zhen Chang, National Taipei University of Business, Taiwan

RETRACTED: Fostering health advocacy: Unveiling educational impact on testicular cancer awareness in male university students – Health belief model and social support strategy in a groundbreaking Pre-Post Quasi-Experimental study

BackgroundTesticular cancer represents a considerable health issue for young adults, including university students, yet there is a lack of specialized interventions targeting this demographic. Drawing from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Social Support Strategy, an educational campaign seeks to empower male university students by providing them with information and encouraging proactive self-examination practices concerning testicular cancer. AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of this educational intervention, utilizing the HBM and Social Support, in enhancing testicular cancer awareness and encouraging self-examination among male university students through a pioneering pre-post quasi-experimental study. MethodsA pre-post quasi-experimental study engaged 350 university students from Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, KSA, over a period of five months, from June to October 2023. The intervention comprised seven training sessions, encompassing sociodemographic information, knowledge assessment, evaluation of the Health Belief Model (HBM), and an assessment of the social support strategy. ResultsFollowing the intervention, participants, with a mean age of 20.8 ± 13.5 years, exhibited significant improvements across various domains. These enhancements encompassed increased knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, recognized benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, social support, and performance in Testicular Self-Examination. ConclusionThe research underscores the effectiveness of an intervention grounded in Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs and social support in cultivating preventive behaviours against testicular cancer among university students. This establishes a foundation for future educational interventions aimed at promoting awareness and proactive measures against testicular cancer within this demographic. RecommendationsThe study recommends implementing targeted campaigns that collaborate closely with healthcare professionals, utilize interactive platforms, and exhibit cultural sensitivity. It emphasizes the importance of regular follow-ups, public awareness initiatives, school-based programs, and ongoing adaptation based on emerging research as essential components of a comprehensive strategy aimed at reducing the incidence of testicular cancer through behaviour modification.