Primitive Tribes Research Articles

The Kudmi (Kudumi), a totemic community of Jharkhand State and near about parts (India) – critical evaluation for inclusion in ST category

The Kudmi (Kudumi) a totemic primitive community (tribe) originated and evolved from the Neanderthal man (Homo Sapiens neanderthdemais) 2,30,000 years ago, like all other human beings, which is evidenced by the evolutionary theories based on fossil findings and population genetics. They are inhabiting in the state of Jharkhand and its near about, i.e. of West Bengal, Assam, Odisha and Chattisgarh states since time immemorial, who were classified as “Primitive tribes” by the British regime in India in 1865, alongwith other primitive tribes under the term of the Indian succession Act, as they have customary rules of sucession. Subsequently in 1913 and 1931 they were included in the list of tribes (Primitive Tribes). But unfortunately, they were omitted as from the ST category drawn up in 1950 for reasons that are unknown, although they are having traits of Primitive Tribes, e.g., they are totemic (alike all other primitive tribes of India and the world) i.e. their lineage related to plants, animals and other natural objects, shyness of contact with other communities at large, distinctive culture, geographically isolated, Backwardness (towards past, keeping back and slow is learning) and specific mother tongue-“Kudmali’.Under the above circumstances the Kudmis of the above noted geographical area be again reincluded in the ST category by the present authority concerned to bring them to the main stream of development of the country and to uplift their life style and social status at large.

Wellness Perception and Spiritual Wellness Practices of women of the Irula Tribe of the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, India

Spiritual Wellness promotion is primordial at a fundamental level. For Indigenous Peoples across the world spiritual wellness is their way of life. In India we have many traditional and tribal communities that practice a holistic, nature-centric spiritual wellness. Towards learning more about Indigenous communities and their spiritual wellness conducted this exploratory study among the Irulas of the Nilgiris District in Tamil Nadu India. Being one of earlier settlers of the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, the Irulas have played an important role in the maintenance of the forests and environment of the Nilgiris.Methods: The study design is an ethnography qualitative study using In-depth interviews conducted using Dr. Kovach’s Conversation methodology for researching and documenting Indigenous Ontology. The Indigenous peoples are one of the Primitive Tribes of the Nilgiris District in Southern India known as the Irulas. The settlements that were accessed for the interview include villages in the eastern and western slopes of the Nilgiris. Results: Using basic qualitative analysis of coding and theme generation, data allowed to derive 4 themes about spiritual wellness namely: What is Spirituality, Importance of participation, Sustaining Practices and Conviction. There is a shift and adaptation to contemporary spiritual practices driven by lack of access to their forests and grasslands and also because of education and exposure of the younger generation.Conclusion: Development over time has resulted in changes in their natural environment as well as social environment leading to generational perception and practices of spirituality among women of the Irula tribes of the Nilgiris.

Abujhmadiya A Primitive Tribe: Their Livelihood

The Indian society is home to various species. There are about 500 tribal groups and their sub-tribal groups in India, who live in remote areas of the country, forests and mountains. With time, other societies and cultures kept getting incorporated. Despite this, most of the tribal communities were successful in preserving their cultural heritage. However, in some tribal communities, the culture of other Indian societies definitely seems to have disappeared, which is a factor in the change in their traditional culture. The study of tribes in India was started by British administrators, missionaries and travellers individually or collectively to know and understand their culture. Research work on tribes started in India after the establishment of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1974). Sir William Jones (1974) highlighted the importance of tribal chapters in “Nature and Man”. Generally, the general public knows them as Adivasis, Vanvasis, Primitive Tribes, Janjati, Van Jati. In the Indian Constitution, special provisions have been made with the objective of bringing them at par with the main society by naming them as Scheduled Tribes.

Cultural festivals of Primitive tribes of Bilaspur Division of Chhattisgarh

Festivals are of utmost importance in human life, All festivals are the heritage of our culture, which people celebrate together, With the arrival of the festival, there is a sense of enthusiasm in the minds of the people and celebrate these festivals with full law. Whether the festival is big or small or whether it is limited area, it affects the entire society and nation. Each festival is a symbol of cultural and social consciousness which awakens the masses, removing the monotonous life of human beings and various types of entertainment., enthusiasm, They make the cycle of life pleasant by providing happiness. Cultural traditions flowing from the earliest ages, Efforts, Beliefs, Beliefs, Ideals, ethical, It is a direct reflection of religious and social values which do not present an overview of any particular class or region of people's life. Therefore, festivals were arranged as products of social upliftment and recreation. Truth from this, A sense of sincerity and self-confidence arises and the feeling of depravity and inferiority goes away. That's why all festivals are important. Indian Tribal Festival has been part of the structure of tribal India for thousands of years. And this tradition still exists in the present time, the Indian tribe festival has its own special quality, Tribal Dress of Celebration, ornament, song, dance, The language or the unique formal ambience in a distant forest or mountain makes it all the more enchanting. Chhattisgarh region of India is world famous for its unique folk art and culture, different types of Teej and festivals are celebrated in this region, which is recognized by the society. The tribal areas of Chhattisgarh region are known all over the world for their beauty and exceptional tribal population, Perhaps this is the reason that there is a plethora of festivals in this region which is characteristic of the culture here. Folk festivals have an important place in making culture flow. About one-third of the population in Chhattisgarh belongs to tribes and even today they keep their culture alive through various festivals.

Коцепция вождеств: применение и итоги развития

The article provides a critical overview of the concept of chiefdoms, created in the 1960s and actively used to this day. The problems of the content of this concept are described and the preceding and competing concepts characterizing the same social structures are indicated. It is proved that chiefdom does not fit the concept of a concept and is a theory. The main postulate of this theory is the definition of the tribe given by E. Service, without which its very existence is impossible. Examples of possible use of the theory and the problems arising in this case are given. A similar theory has been created as a visual illustration of the approach. The correspondence of the structure of the Roman tribe to Christmas is substantiated, which naturally raises the question of the correctness of the definition of the tribe, which is the basis of the theory. The conclusion is made about the inconsistency of chiefdoms with the criteria of a fruitful scientific theory, an alternative is proposed in the form of a phratry model of the device of primitive tribes.

He Is "Closer" to Jesus: Role of the Heterogeneous Civilization Represented by A Primitive Tribe Prince in Moby Dick

He Is "Closer" to Jesus: Role of the Heterogeneous Civilization Represented by A Primitive Tribe Prince in Moby Dick

STUDY ON ARTS, HANDICRAFTS AND DANCES OF THE KUTIA KANDHA TRIBE OF KANDHAMAL DISTRICT IN ODISHA

The aim of paper is to highlight the traditional arts, handicrafts and dances of the Kutia Kandhas of Kandhamal District in the state of Odisha. The Kutia Kandha, a primitive tribe primarily belongs to the Kandhamal district areas like Balliguda sub-Division, Tumudibandha Block area, Gumma, Belghar and Bilamala and Jhiripani Gram panchayats. The people of Kutia Kandha tribe live in the hilly region and identify unique culture and customs. The art form has a deep cultural significance for the Kutia Kandha people, who view it as a way to preserve their traditional way of life and express their cultural identity. The research delves into the unique art forms, traditional crafts and vibrant dance practices that are integral to the Kutia Kandhas' way of life. Through ethnographic research methods, this study documents and analyses the symbolic meanings, social functions and the processes of preservation and transformation of these cultural expressions in the context of modern influences. The findings aim to contribute to the understanding of the Kutia Kandhas' cultural identity and the broader discourse on indigenous art and traditions. The study employs a qualitative research approach, primarily using ethnographic methods. Fieldwork was conducted in various villages within Kandhamal District, where participant observation, in-depth interviews and visual documentation were utilized to gather data. The participants include tribal elders, artisans and performers who provided insights into the traditional practices. Additionally, archival research was conducted to compare historical records with current practices. Data analysis was done through thematic coding, focusing on recurring patterns and cultural motifs in the art, crafts and dances of the Kutia Kandhas of Kandhamala in Odisha.

Distant Country, Paradise, Wilderness, or Mysterious World: The Changing Image of the South Sea (Nan’yō) Islands in Japanese Science Fiction

For Japan, “Nan’yō” is a geographical concept as well as a historical and cultural one. Taking the mid-Meiji period, post-World War I and II periods, and the beginning of the 21st century as its nodes, this paper examines various texts and compares the historical background of the South Sea Islands as imagined in Japanese science fiction, with a focus on both literature and films. The works of the four periods, through a distant view, close view, reconstruction and retrospection of the South Sea Islands, respectively, portray “Nan’yō” as a distant country for ambitious expansion; an earthly paradise of colonial ideals; a dangerous and exotic foreign land; and a mysterious world overrun with primitive civilization, with the aborigines are portrayed as ignorant and backward, and sometimes even being cast as unfamiliar and potentially threatening Others. Unlike the typical (anti-)utopian narrative, the Japanese “Nan’yō fantasy” is based on the political discourse model of civilization-backwardness, in which the differing attitudes towards the natural environment and primitive tribes reflect Japan’s ambivalence in defining its self-positioning within the cultural crossroads of the East and the West. This portrayal of Nan’yō is a product of the close interconnection between the mass media and the spirit of the times: a reflection of personal ideals and national destiny, as well as a collective vision interacting with social reality.

Resilience of Wengding, the Phoenix Wa traditional village

The village of Wengding, ancestral home of the Wa ethnic group, considered as China’s last primitive tribe, suffered near-complete extinction due to a fire incident in 2021. Historical records indicate that stilt-style buildings, also in Wengding, are highly susceptible to fire. Nevertheless, this has not hindered the long-term existence of these distinctive architectural forms. This study analyses the reasons for the sustained existence of the traditional building forms in Wengding, from the perspective of resilience. The findings indicate that the requirements of the traditional nomadic civilization for rapid construction of dwellings, the communal consciousness toward disaster resistance, and the implementation of spatially oriented fire protection measures collectively account for the swift recovery and reconstruction observed in Wengding village after the disaster. These aspects are tangible manifestations of the capacity of the village for resilience. Overall, resilience is essential for the sustainability of such traditional villages in the long term.

Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Nukha Dora Tribes of Dumbriguda Mandal, Alluri Sitaramraju District, Andhra Pradesh, India

The paper enumerates 60 medicinal plant species belonging to 49 genera and 35 families used for 43 ethnomedicinal purposes by the Nukha Dora primitive tribe of Dumbriguda Mandalam Alluri Sitaramaraju district, Andhra Pradesh. Many elderly persons of the village are also aware about the importance and use of such herbal medicines. A review of the available scientific literature suggests that many of the medicinal plants used by the tribals can be validated scientifically in their traditional uses based on reported pharmacological activities present in those plants.

Siddi- A Primitive Tribes of Gujarat

primitive caste groups are spread over eight districts namely Surat, Tapi, Valsad, Navsari, Dang, Bharuch, Narmada and Sabarkantha. These districts are included in the tribal area sub-plan, while Ahmedabad, Surendranagar, Junagadh, Bhavnagar, Rajkot and Jamnagar districts are also populated by these groups but those districts are outside the area of the Integrated Tribal Development Grant. In This paper, we discussed about A Siddhi Primitive tribe’s current status

Impact of Educational Programme on Social Change of Primitive Juang Tribe

This research paper attempts to determine the effect of education development programme on social change of primitive tribes. The study ison the basis of independent variables i.e. various educational programme and dependent variables i.e., quantitative and qualitative aspects ofsocial change. The sample consists of 60 Juang tribal households, 60 male and 60 female Juang persons, 60 School teachers, 120 tribal communitymembers of Keonjhar district of Odisha. The help of Village Survey Schedule, Questionnaire, Interview schedule and observation schedule madethe collection of data. The analysis of collected data was analyzed with the help of percentage, mean and X2 (chi-square) analysis. The study’sfindings reveal a significant effect of educational programme on the social change of primitive Juang tribe. There is a close association betweeneducational development programme and social change of primitive tribe in tribal of tribal districts of Odisha.

Ethnomedicinal plants used by primitive tribes of Hukumpeta Mandal, Alluri Sitaramaraju District, A.P, India

Intensive field surveys were carried out during 2022–2023 in the interior tribal pockets of Hukumpeta Mandal, Alluri Sitaramraju Raju district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The present paper deals with about 173 plant species of 164 genera belonging to 80 families that have been recorded which are potentially used by the different tribal groups in this area. The tribal population of the region primarily depends upon these plants for curing 124 various diseases. Further studies on chemical and pharmacological actions are suggested to validate the claims.

Ethnomedicinal plants used by Primitive Nukha Dora tribes of G. Madugula Mandal, Alluri Sitaramaraju District, Andhra Pradesh, India

An ethnomedicinal survey was carried out from G. Madugula Mandal, Alluri Sitaramaraju District, Andhra Pradesh, India. For documentation of important ethnomedicinal plants and information from the local Nukha Dora primitive community about their medicinal uses. The traditional knowledge of the Nukha Dora primitive tribe's traditional uses was collected through questionnaires and personal interviews during field trips. The identification and nomenclature of the listed plants were based on the Flora of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 40 plant species belonging to 36 genera and 31 families were identified by a taxonomic description and locally by ethnomedicinal knowledge of people existing in the region.

High Prevalence of Anaemia Among Women of One of the Smallest Primitive Tribes in the World

High Prevalence of Anaemia Among Women of One of the Smallest Primitive Tribes in the World

Entomophagy practices among the primitive tribes inhabiting the Nilgiris district of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, South India

Insects have been a traditional food among the people of various countries including India. The Nilgiris district of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu a recognised biodiversity hotspot in South India, has six different inhabitant primitive tribes namely Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, Irulas, Paniyas and Kattunayakans, whose insect eating habit and their traditional knowledge on collection, processing and cooking of edible insects have been documented in this study. Eight species of insects viz., Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, Apis florea, Trigona sp., Oecophylla smaragdina, Vespa affinis and Odontotermes sp. belonging to five families under two orders (Hymenoptera and Isoptera) have been recorded to be used as food. The use value of insects have been calculated and inferred that honey bee broods were widely eaten. Their entomophagy habit varies geographically where the members of Kurumba and Kattunayakan tribes residing in the Gudalur and Pandalur taluks were found to consume more insect species than the other tribes. Insects were eaten raw or roasted or cooked with the vegetables. The respondents are also aware of the therapeutic values and health benefits of insects they consume, however various factors including modernization and availability of alternate foods causes decline of insect foods.

Residential Conditions of 'Hill Korwa' Primitive Tribe in North-Eastern Chhattisgarh: A Geographical Study

Residential Conditions of 'Hill Korwa' Primitive Tribe in North-Eastern Chhattisgarh: A Geographical Study

Tree barks used for ethnomedicine by primitive tribes of Paderu Division, Alluri Sitarama Raju District, Andhra Pradesh

Tree barks used for ethnomedicine by primitive tribes of Paderu Division, Alluri Sitarama Raju District, Andhra Pradesh

Tree barks used for ethnomedicine by primitive tribes of Paderu Division, Alluri Sitarama Raju District, Andhra Pradesh

Investigation on ethnomedicinal significance of tree bark used by primitive tribes of Paderu division, Alluri Sitarama Raju District, Andhra Pradesh. A total of 99 species of medicinal tree species belong to 74 genera and 39 families are commonly used to treat 78 types of diseases. Out of 39 families, Moraceae had the highest proportion of medicinal plants followed by the Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Apocynaceae, Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae, Lamiaceae and Rubiaceae each with 5 species. The people of this area have been using a variety of plants for treating different diseases and ailments. They have abundant indigenous knowledge about plant collection, dosage form preparation, and their utilization.

Social Conditions of Hill Korwa Primitive Tribe in North-Eastern Chhattisgarh : A Geographical Study

The social structure of the population is not only the pillar of economic development, but also an important basis of the social environment and social life of the population group. Under the social environment, the castes living in the community and their social values, customs, and social relations are included, on the basis of which the social environment of that community is determined. The presented research paper is completely based on primary data. Raigarh, Jashpur, Surguja and Balrampur districts are located in the north-eastern region of Chhattisgarh state. In the north-eastern region there is a majority of 'Hill Korwa' primitive tribal. The presented research paper is related to the social conditions of 'Hill Korwa' primitive tribe of north-eastern Chhattisgarh: A geographical study. The total population of 1218 Hill Korva families in the study area is 4701, in which 52.03 percent is male and 47.97 percent is female population, while 31.93 percent of the population (excluding 0-6 age group) is literate, which is a part of the surveyed Hill Korva primitive. Tribal indicates low educational level of families, lack of awareness towards education and economically backward society. Due to the lack of education and awareness among the primitive tribes, the practice of child marriage is prevalent even today, where marriages are arranged even before becoming an adult. The impact of gender discrimination has been more in the marital structure, which indicates the traditional thoughts and narrow mindedness in the society. It is clear from the analysis that in the surveyed village Kamarima (Jashpur district) of the study area, a higher positive social index of more than 10.01 was obtained. Therefore, it is necessary that an analytical study of the currently available social facilities should be done. Accordingly, on the basis of the analyzed study, a detailed planning outline should be prepared for the development of the area.
 Abstract in Hindi Language (शोध सारांश): 
 जनसंख्या की सामाजिक संरचना आर्थिक विकास का आधार स्तम्भ ही नहीं वरन् सामाजिक परिवेश एवं जनसंख्या समूह के सामाजिक जीवन का महत्वपूर्ण आधार भी है। सामाजिक परिवेश के अन्तर्गत् समुदाय में रहने वाले जातिय¨ं तथा उनके सामाजिक मूल्य, रीति-रिवाज, एवं सामाजिक सम्बन्ध¨ं क¨ सम्मिलित किया जाता है, जिसके आधार पर उस समुदाय के सामाजिक वातावरण का निर्धारण होता है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र पूर्णतरू प्राथमिक आंकड़ों पर आधारित है। छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य के उत्तरी-पूर्वी क्षेत्र्ा में रायगढ़, जशपुर, सरगुजा एवं बलरामपुर जिला स्थित है। उत्तरी-पूर्वी क्षेत्र्ा में ’पहाड़ी कोरवा’ आदिम जनजातीय की बहुलता है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र उत्तरी-पूर्वी छत्तीसगढ़ के ’पहाड़ी कोरवा’ आदिम जनजाति की सामाजिक दशाएँ: एक भौगोलिक अध्ययन से संबंधित है। अध्ययन क्षेत्र के पहाड़ी कोरवा जनजाति परिवारों में 1218 पहाड़ी कोरवा परिवारों की कुल जनसंख्या 4701 है, जिसमें 52.03 प्रतिशत् पुरूष एवं 47.97 प्रतिशत् महिला जनसंख्या है, वहीं (0-6 आयु वर्ग को छोड़कर) 31.93 प्रतिशत् जनसंख्या साक्षर है, जो सर्वेक्षित पहाड़ी कोरवा आदिम जनजाति परिवारों के निम्न शैक्षणिक स्तर, शिक्षा के प्रति जागरूकता की कमी एवं आर्थिक रूप से पिछड़े समाज को इंगित करता है। आदिम जनजाति में शिक्षा व जागरूकता की कमी के कारण बाल विवाह की प्रथा आज भी प्रचलित है, जहाँ वयस्क होने से पहले ही विवाह तय कर दिये जाते हैं। वैवाहिक संरचना में लिंग भेद का प्रभाव अधिक रहा है, जो समाज में परम्परागत् विचार एवं संकीर्ण मानसिकता को इंगित करता है। विश्लेषण से स्पष्ट है, कि अध्ययन क्षेत्र का सर्वेक्षित ग्राम कामरिमा (जशपुर जिला) में >10.01 से अधिक उच्च धनात्मक सामाजिक सूचकांक प्राप्त हुआ। अतः आवश्यक है, कि वर्तमान में उपलब्ध सामाजिक सुविधाओं का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन किया जाय। तद्नुसार विश्लेषित अध्ययन के आधार पर क्षेत्र के विकास हेतु एक विस्तृत नियोजन की रूपरेखा तैयार किया जाय।
 Keywords (शब्द कुंजी) : परिवारिक संरचना, निर्भरता अनुपात, शैक्षणिक स्थिति, वैवाहिक स्थिति एवं सामाजिक स्तर।