Primitive Hypoglossal Artery Research Articles

先天性脳動脈異常を合併した脳血管障害例

Three cases of azygos anterior cerebral artery associated with an aneurysm, a case of persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with three aneurysms, a case of persistent primitive hypoglossal artery associated with an aneurysm and a case of persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with moyamoya disease are reported in this paper. We show the high incidence of associated vascular malformations with these abnormal vessels and consider the main etiological factors in the aneurysmal formation to be the hemodynamic change and the developmental defect in these arteries.

Primitive hypoglossal arteryを有する頸部内頸動脈高位閉塞症の1例

A case of occlusion at the higher cervical level of the carotid artery with a homolateral persistent primitive hypoglossal artery was reported. A 72 year-old male was admitted because of progressive consciousness disturbance with left side hemiplegia. CT findings, recorded the day after the incident, revealed a marked shift of the midline structure from the right to the left, compression of the right lateral ventricle and a larger low density area over the right cerebral hemisphere. These findings suggested ischemia due to occlusion of the main trunk of a cerebral artery such as the internal carotid artery. Angiograms showed that the internal carotid artery diverged from the common carotid artery at the level of the third cervical vertebral body, and then an aberrant artery branched at the level of the first cervical vertebral body, in an upward and posterior direction. The internal carotid artery was obstructed at a point immediately after divergence from the aberrant artery. This aberrant artery went in the cephalad direction and continued to the basilar artery. The right vertebral artery could not be observed by retrograde brachial angiography but the left artery was hypoplastic. The aberrant artery, which diverged from the right internal carotid artery, was thought to be a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery judging from its characteristic figure. It is well known that the most common site of arterial stenosis or obstruction of the extracranial portion of the internal carotid artery ranges within 1.5cm distal from its origin. Therefore, the obstructive site of this case was very uncommon, and no previous case reports of a case like this could be found in the literature. The authors supposed the causes of this higher cervical obstruction to be as follows: as at other arterial bifurcations, turbulence and eddy blood stream, which differs from ordinary laminar flow, had crippled the smooth endothelium, and atheromatous deposition was caused at the subendothelial layer. Then arterial stenosis, caused by thickening of arterial wall, and ultimately total occlusion of the internal carotid artery had occured. Following the same process, it was presumed that occlusion of the higher cervical internal carotid artery, immediately after it diverged from the persistent primitive hypoglossal artery, had occured.

一側破裂脳動脈瘤を合併した両側性persistent primitive hypoglossal arteriesの手術例

Bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries (PPHA) associated with multiple aneurysms in a 59-year-old man are reported in this paper. Angiography of the left carotid artery revealed a PPHA on this side with a large aneurysm located at the junction of the basilar artery. This PPHA arose from the left internal carotid artery at the level of the C-2 vertebra. Right retrograde vertebral arteriography showed a PPHA and a small aneurysm at the trifurcation of the right middle cerebral artery. The necks of these aneurysms were successfully clipped. This seems to be the first case of bilateral PPHA associated with multiple aneurysms.

Bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries associated with a large ruptured aneurysm on one side

Bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries associated with multiple aneurysms in a 59-year-old man are reported. Angiography revealed bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries with a large ruptured intracranial aneurysm on the left side. There was one additional small aneurysm at the trifurcation of the right middle cerebral artery. This seemed to be the first case of bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries associated with multiple aneurysms.

Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery associated with Arnold-Chiari type I malformation

The case of a 49-year-old woman with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery associated with Arnold-Chiari type I malformation is reported. The hypoglossal artery was located on the left side. The left vertebral artery was hypoplastic, the right vertebral artery could not be visualized angiographically. The clinical significance of a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery is discussed.

Persistent hypoglossal artery associated with superior cerebellar artery aneurysm

✓ An aneurysm at the origin of the superior cerebellar artery in a patient with a primitive hypoglossal artery is reported. Selective catheterization of the primitive artery is described with a brief discussion of the embryogenesis of carotid-basilar anastomoses. Associated findings in previously reported cases of persistent hypoglossal artery are briefly reviewed.

The hypoglossal artery and hypoglossal canal.

THE HYPOGLOSSAL ARTERY AND HYPOGLOSSAL CANALGEOFFREY A. WARDWELL, M.D., JOHN A. GOREE, M.D. and JOHN P. JIMENEZ, M.D.Audio Available | Share

Persistent hypoglossal artery complicated by internal carotid artery stenosis

The primitive hypoglossal artery may rarely persist into adult life. The artery arises from the internal carotid artery in the base of the neck, enters the cranial cavity through the anterior condylar canal and terminates by becoming the basilar artery. The vertebral arteries are hypoplastic. The authors present a case where the hypoglossal artery arose from a stenosed internal carotid artery. Such a combination of lesions is of grave significance as the basilar territory becomes compromised as well as the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere.

Anomalous carotid-vertebral anastomosis: primitive cervical segmental artery

The authors describe a case of anomalous carotid-vertebral anastomosis as an occasional finding in angiographie examination. They believe this vessel could represent a “primitive cervical segmental artery”. As the shape and form of this artery may be similar to the primitive hypoglossal artery, the authors point out the peculiarities which allow a differentiation between the two primitive arteries. In the case described they found the following neuroradiological signs:

PERSISTENT PRIMITIVE TRIGEMINAL ARTERY. ONE TYPE OF PERSISTENT CAROTID-BASILAR ANASTOMOSIS.

The term “carotid-basilar anastomosis” refers individually or collectively to three presegmental vessels, i.e., the primitive acoustic (otic), the primitive trigeminal, and the primitive hypoglossal arteries. Each of these is represented bilaterally. In early embryonic life they extend from the primitive internal carotid artery to the basivertebral system or its anlagen. The acoustic and hypoglossal arteries are relatively transitory structures, and their persistence in the adult is rare. The trigeminal artery does not disappear as quickly, however, since it provides the primary means for conveying blood from the carotid to the basivertebral system. In the normal course of development the caudal division of the primitive internal carotid artery assumes this function (and in so doing becomes the posterior communicating artery). As a result, the trigeminal artery tends to atrophy and disappear. The trigeminal is by far the most common of the three types of persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis and constitu...

TRAUMATIC CAROTICO-CAVERNOUS FISTULA COMBINED WITH PERSISTING PRIMITIVE HYPOGLOSSAL ARTERY.

TRAUMATIC CAROTICO-CAVERNOUS FISTULA COMBINED WITH PERSISTING PRIMITIVE HYPOGLOSSAL ARTERY.