Primiparous Mothers Research Articles

Oxytocin Massage, Breast Milk Production, and Comfort in Post Partum P0A1 Mothers with Spontaneous Delivery: A Case Study in the Delima Room of RSUD Waled

All pregnant women have the potential to experience complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period. To prevent complications such as bleeding and infection in the postpartum period, comprehensive nursing care is essential, including counseling on postpartum care. This counseling aims to meet the mother's need for knowledge and skills related to self-care, newborn care, family adaptation, and health recovery. This study aims to describe the implementation of nursing care in postpartum mothers through the nursing process approach. A case study design was used on primiparous postpartum mothers with spontaneous delivery in the Delima room, Waled Hospital, Cirebon Regency. The research was conducted on February 12, 2024. The results showed that breast milk production can be accelerated by nonpharmacological measures such as oxytocin massage, which involves massaging the area around the back (vertebrae pars thoracica) to stimulate the release of breast milk. The mother reported feeling satisfied, happy, and confident in her ability to provide breast milk to her baby. Although the problem of ineffective breastfeeding related to inadequate milk supply was not fully resolved, patients reported feeling comfortable after oxytocin massage. The implication of the study suggests that oxytocin massage can be an effective intervention in accelerating milk release and improving the well-being of postpartum mothers. Appropriate counseling and nursing care are crucial in helping postpartum mothers overcome challenges and improve the quality of self-care and newborn care.

The Effect of Pre-Pregnancy BMI and Parity on the Duration of Breastfeeding During Exclusive Breastfeeding

Obesity is a condition of a person who experiences overnutrition, especially fat accumulation which causes the body to weigh more than normal body weight, indicated with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of more than 29.9 kg/m2. Several international pieces of research state that obese mothers fail to breastfeed exclusively. Aside from maternal BMI, maternal characteristics also support exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal characteristic factors include age, parity, and mother’s education. This study aims to determine the correlation between pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal characteristic factors with the duration of breastfeeding during exclusive breastfeeding. This research is quantitative research using a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational method with a retrospective approach. The number of samples in this research was 300 mothers who met the inclusion criteria with the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected and processed statistically using the Chi-Square test and T-test to determine factors related to breastfeeding duration and the linear regression test with the backward method to determine the most influential factor on breastfeeding duration. The Chi-Square test results showed that all variables were related to the duration of breastfeeding with a p-value <0.05. The linear regression test showed that the factors that had a significant effect on the duration of breastfeeding were pre-pregnancy BMI and parity with a significance of 0.00, judging from the coefficient B factor value of 0.285, parity had a more dominant effect. Pre-pregnancy BMI and parity are the most influential and interrelated variables in exclusive breastfeeding, where primiparous mothers with obesity are more at risk for exclusive breastfeeding failure than obese multiparous mothers.

Estimating the efficacy of Newborn-Communication, Health, Feeding and Swallowing Education Program (N-CHFSEP) for primiparous mothers

Background Primiparous mothers face diverse challenges during pregnancy and post-childbirth. There is a lack of comprehensive educational programs for primiparous mothers on maternal functioning and newborn care. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of a developed educational program on the attitude of primiparous mothers towards newborn communication, general health, feeding and swallowing. The objectives were (1) to develop an attitude questionnaire (AQ), a parent education program, and a feedback questionnaire (FQ); and (2) to estimate the efficacy of the education program pre- and post-delivery. Methods Ninety-eight primiparous mothers without any obstetric history, proficient in English or Kannada, and delivering healthy newborns were recruited for the study. Phase 1 involved the development and validation of AQ, the parent education program [Newborn Communication, Health, Feeding and Swallowing Education Program (N-CHFSEP)], and FQ; while Phase 2 comprised of administering them on the mothers. Both quantitative (descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and chi-square test) and qualitative analysis were done on the parameters of interest. Results The results of the study demonstrated a notable increase in the number of mothers (not all) reporting heightened confidence levels following receiving the N-CHFSEP (which was observed in all the domains). This observed change (pre and post) was statistically significant as per paired t-test analysis (p <0.05) indicating a significant increase in confidence levels post-N-CHFSEP intervention, as well as recognizing warning signs related to the same. Sociodemographic factors such as age, education, occupation, and family type were reported to have a significant effect (p <0.05) on maternal confidence levels before and after N-CHFSEP administration. Feedback from participants highlighted the effectiveness of the program in enhancing knowledge and awareness, while also suggesting areas for improvement. Conclusions This study demonstrates the effectiveness of N-CHFSEP in enhancing primiparous mothers' confidence in newborn care, thereby improving maternal and infant health.

Effectiveness of Lactation Counseling on Lactation Outcome among Primipara Mothers: A Pilot Study

Effectiveness of Lactation Counseling on Lactation Outcome among Primipara Mothers: A Pilot Study

The effect of telecounseling on depression in primiparous mothers during the postpartum period: A randomized controlled trial.

Postpartum depression is one of the most common mental health disorders in women after giving birth. This study was conducted to examine the effect of telecounseling support on depression in primiparous mothers. This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with a parallel group pretest-posttest design. The study comprised 50 participants each in the intervention and control groups. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with all participants, and the Maternal Information Form and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) were administered. The intervention group received telecounseling for 6 weeks, while the control group received routine postnatal care. After the 6-week period, EPDS was re-administered to both groups. In the intervention group, the EPDS mean score decreased from 7.12 ± 3.96 to 6.34 ± 3.73 after telecounseling (p < 0.001). Conversely, in the control group, the EPDS mean score increased from 6.62 ± 3.55 to 7.90 ± 4.65 without any intervention (p = 0.002). The results indicate that telecounseling is an effective method for reducing the risk of depression among mothers during the postpartum period. It is recommended that healthcare professionals extend their support by providing telecounseling for mothers.

Effectiveness of the SETIA (Self Empowering Woman, Empathy, Trust, Intimate and Affection) program in enhancing exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia

The sustainability of breastfeeding remains a challenge for primiparous mothers. Empowering women through home visits by midwives needs to be enhanced to ensure the continuity of breastfeeding. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of the SETIA (Self-Empowering Women, Empathy, Trust, Intimacy, and Affection) program with a standard program in assisting primiparous mothers to breastfeed their babies after one month. A total of 50 primiparous participants were divided into two groups through simple random sampling. The standard group received four home visits, while the SETIA group received five home visits within one month postpartum. The breastfeeding competency variable was evaluated after one month using the World Health Organization (WHO) instruments and interviews about exclusive breastfeeding. The variables were analyzed using comparative statistics. The results showed no significant difference between the standard and SETIA groups, with Mann-Whitney U values of 253.5 and Wilcoxon values of 578.5 (p-value=0.086, α&lt;0.05). However, there is evidence that the intervention group managed breastfeeding problems better, and more mothers continued breastfeeding after one month. Therefore, the authors suggest more frequent home visits to help new mothers adapt to their breastfeeding roles, especially in the first week after birth. Further research is needed to assess exclusive breastfeeding after six months in both groups.

Effect of Nursing Interventions Strategies for Inverted Nipple on Efficiency of Early Breastfeeding among Primiparous Mothers

Effect of Nursing Interventions Strategies for Inverted Nipple on Efficiency of Early Breastfeeding among Primiparous Mothers

The Relationship Of The Weight Of Newborn Babies And The Incident Of Perineal Rupture In Primipara Mothers At Rb Mutiara Bunda

The first cause of bleeding is uterine atony and the second cause is tearing of the birth canal. One of the birth canal tears is a perineal tear. Perineal rupture is an injury to the perineum that occurs due to certain reasons without any tearing or deliberate action. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between newborn baby weight and the incidence of perineal rupture in primiparous mothers. This research method is analytical research with a cross sectional approach. The population was 86 primiparous mothers who experienced perineal rupture or did not experience perineal rupture. The results of the study showed that the weight of newborn babies in primiparous mothers ranged between 2500-4000 grams (61.6%), 64 mothers experienced perineal rupture (74.4%), primiparous mothers whose babies weighed &gt; 4000 grams experienced perineal rupture. as many as 14 people (100%). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between the weight of newborn babies and the incidence of perineal rupture in primiparous mothers at RB Mutiara Bunda.

Husband Support and Coping Stress on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Primipara

Breastfeeding is the best strategy to ensure optimal growth and development for infants. Social support, fatigue, and stress are the main factors that hinder breastfeeding for primiparous mothers. This cross-sectional study analyzes husband support and coping stress of exclusive breastfeeding for primiparous mothers with a quantitative approach. The samples were 70 respondents taken with a total sampling technique. The research instruments were the husband support questionnaire and coping strategies inventory. The researchers analyzed the data with chi-square and multiple logistic regression. The results found 48 (68.5%) mothers with excellent husband support and exclusive breastfeeding. Meanwhile, mothers with excellent husband support but without exclusive breastfeeding were 18 respondents (25.71%). The results of statistical tests with a significance level of 5% obtained a sig value (p-value) of husband support (p=0.002) and coping stress p=0.000. The result indicates a correlation between husband support and coping stress on exclusive breastfeeding with OR value = (3.667). On the other hand, mothers with excellent husband support could provide exclusive breastfeeding 4 times higher than those with poor husband support. Husband support and coping stress affect exclusive breastfeeding of primiparous mothers in the employed area of Puskesmas Dinoyo Malang City. Coping stress is the dominant factor influencing exclusive breastfeeding in primiparous mothers in the employing area of Puskesmas Dinoyo Malang City. The research recommends public health centers improve programs that support maternal care in helping to improve skills in managing stress, on exclusive breastfeeding both at the public health center, the integrated public health service, and the auxiliary health center.

Overview Of Primipara Mother's Knowledge About ASI Storage In TPMB Nanik Kediri District

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the contributions to the health, growth and development of newborns, infants and children. Based on WHO data, coverage of exclusive breastfeeding will decrease in 2022 compared to 2021. This condition is caused by a lack of knowledge about good and correct management of breast milk, especially breast milk storage. The aim of this research is to determine the description of Primiparous Mothers' knowledge about breast milk storage. Method: The research design used a descriptive cross-sectional approach, the research sample was 20 primiparous mothers in the TPMB Nanik Tulungrejo Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency. The variable studied was knowledge about breast milk storage. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution tables and cross tabulation. Result: The research results obtained from 20 respondents and showed that the majority were well-informed mothers (45%), exclusively breastfeeding mothers (65%). The results of the overall data analysis can be concluded that there is a picture of primiparous mothers' knowledge about storing breast milk. Conclusion: Breastfeeding mothers need support from family and society so they need information according to their level of education and knowledge, or to facilitate understanding of the importance of storing breast milk correctly and appropriately.

A Comparative Study of Women’s Preference of Vaginal Delivery &amp; Cesarean Delivery among Primi Mother who are Attending Antenatal OPD in Murshidabad Medical College &amp; Hospital, Murshidabad

Caesarean section is already quite common in developed country but it has gradually become common in developing country also. In terms of developing countries in India the caesarean section rates havecrossed10-15% (Recommended by WHO) which cause a severe public health concern. Even though caesarean section causes many complications &amp;it's expensive, needed extra resources and observations, still the rate has increased from around7%(in1991) to 21% (in2021) &amp;it is more likely that it may goes up to 29% within just few more years.  Objectives- To assess the preferences and existing knowledge of vaginal delivery &amp;caesarean section among primipara mothers.  Methodology- A Non-experimental quantitative study with cross- sectional research design includes 100 primigravida mother through convenient sampling who has attended OPD clinic of Murshidabad Medical College &amp; Hospital, West Bengal.  Results- The study results shows that majority of participants (82%) preferred vaginal delivery. But the preference of caesarean section is higher in primigravida between age group18-22years comparative to older primigravida and also the primigravida from urban community has preferred caesarean section(66.6%) over normal vaginal delivery. Those who preferred Caesarean section were influenced by fear of pain during the labour (18%) and14%feltit was safe for the baby.  Conclusion- Young generation and urban community are more interested in caesarean section due to fear of pain and injury to baby. Especially commercial private practices also provoke the normal people for the caesarean section by creating doubts and misleading them. Government and women need to develop a positive attitude towards the normal vaginal delivery and measures have to be undertaken to create awareness towards safe mode of delivery.

Breastfeeding Efficacy among Primiparous Mothers: A Survey from Lahore

Background: Breastfeeding is the natural process of infant feeding on milk produced by mothers. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and continued breastfeeding until at least 24 months to support optimal growth. A mother’s belief in her ability to breastfeed, known as breastfeeding self-efficacy, significantly impacts her breastfeeding experience and success. Objective: To determine the level of breastfeeding self-efficacy among primiparous mothers in Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, from June 2023 to December 2023, in various hospital settings. Data were collected from 150 primiparous mothers selected through nonprobability convenient sampling. Inclusion criteria were primiparous mothers aged 20 to 35 years who had been breastfeeding for at least three months. Exclusion criteria included mothers with a history of cancer or hepatitis and those unable to provide informed consent. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) was used to collect data, which was then entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. BSES-SF is a 14-item self-administered questionnaire with a 5-point rating scale, where a score of 1 indicates “no confidence at all” and a score of 5 represents “very confident.” Total scores range from 14 to 70, with higher scores reflecting higher self-efficacy. Scores were categorized into low (14-33), medium (33-53), and high (53-70) self-efficacy. Results: Out of 150 primiparous mothers, 4 (2.7%) had low breastfeeding self-efficacy, 93 (62.0%) had medium self-efficacy, and 53 (35.3%) had high self-efficacy. The age of participants ranged from 20 to 34 years, with a mean age of 25.02 years (SD = 3.18). Education levels were 42.2% intermediate, 32.7% undergraduate, and 24.7% postgraduate. Employment status showed 27.0% employed and 73.0% unemployed. Conclusion: The majority of primiparous mothers reported a moderate level of breastfeeding self-efficacy. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance breastfeeding confidence among new mothers.

Depression in the Perinatal Period: Course and Outcome of Depression in the Period from the Last Trimester of Pregnancy to One Year after Delivery in Primiparous Mothers.

Background and Objectives: One of the most significant psychiatric problems in women is depression related to the perinatal period. Our study aims to determine the frequency and course of depressive symptomatology in the perinatal period with particular reference to objective rate and outcome of postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-eight pregnant/postnatal women were included in a prospective, longitudinal, observational study during which the depressive symptomatology was estimated at the third trimester of pregnancy, and the first, sixth, and twelfth month' postpartum. All participants completed a semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire constructed for research purposes, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and The Mood Disorder Questionnaire at each time point. Postpartum depression diagnosis was confirmed by a trained and certified psychiatrist with long-standing experience. For a better understanding of the trajectory of depressive symptomatology and genuine postpartum depression, we classified depression into those with new-onset and those left over from the previous observation period. Results: In general, 48.9% of participants in the study were depressed at some point during the investigation. A total of 10.6% of women were depressed in the third trimester. The highest percentage of new-onset depression (25%) was in the first month after giving birth and was maintained for up to six months, after which the appearance was sporadic. Most of the postpartum depression resolved in the period from the first month to the sixth month after childbirth (20.7%). The episodes mainly had characteristics of unipolar depression. Conclusions: Our results imply that a new onset of depression is most intensive during the first six months, and after that, it is sporadic. Further studies are needed to explore whether all depressive symptomatology in the postnatal period is the same, or perhaps postpartum depression, classified in this way, has specific characteristics, etiology, and consequently different treatment and preventive options.

Infant Feeding Pattern during the First Six Months of Age among Primipara Mothers

The exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates are low globally and in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to identify the type of infant feeding practiced during the first six months of age and determine if there is an association between demographic characteristics and the type of breastfeeding. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 401 primipara mothers who attended 15 primary health care centers (PHCCs)by using a self-administered questionnaire. Only 17.2% of infants were exclusively breastfed, and 65.8% were given mixed feeding in the first six months of life. The breastfeeding rate declined from 99.8% in the first month to 76.3% by six months, with a corresponding increase in the use of formula milk, plain water and dates from 31.7%, 24.9%, and 24.7% in the first month to 53.1%. 49.1%, and 32.7% in the six months, respectively. Mothers also used herbs, lump sugar, glucose water and honey every month. A chi-square test reveals no association between the demographic characteristics and type of breastfeeding (EBF, predominant breastfeeding and mixed feeding). The primipara mothers had low EBF rates indicating the need to provide culture-specific education, support and counselling.

Effect of Care Provided Using “Orem Self-Care Model” on Postpartum Dependent Care among Primiparous Mothers

Effect of Care Provided Using “Orem Self-Care Model” on Postpartum Dependent Care among Primiparous Mothers

A community evaluation of post-partum quality of life using a locally adapted mother-generated-index: the Delhi Delivery Care (DELCARE) Survey (2009-2011)

ABSTRACT Post-partum quality of life is an inadequately studied and poorly understood outcome of delivery care, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Hence, we evaluated the postpartum quality of life and its clinic-demographic context as part of a 3-stage cluster randomized community survey (DECLARE; covered quality of care as primary outcome) conducted in 2009–2011 in Delhi. In stage 1 of participant selection(sampling), 20 wards (of 150; geographically defined administrative units) were selected using a probability-proportionate-to-size systematic method. In stage 2, one from each income stratum (high, middle, and low; multiple colonies within each ward) was selected from each ward by simple random sampling (total 60 colonies of 2311). In stage 3, a house-to-house survey was conducted to recruit ~1800 recently delivered women for the multidimensional work, which included quality-of-care, cost-of-care, and PPQOL. Among the participants, those with high school or above education were invited to administer the Mother-Generated Index and calculate the primary and secondary index scores (PIS and SIS). A total of 794 (of 857 eligible; 118846 households) women were administered MGI. The mean PIS was 4.6[95 percent CI 4.4–4.7] while the average SIS was 4.0[95 percent CI 3.8–4.2]. The PIS was worse for primiparous vs. multiparous mothers. On multivariate analysis, poorer psychological state, obstetric complications, and premature delivery correlated with poorer QOL scores, while better gestational weight gain, higher age, and labor-pain relief correlated with better QOL scores. The study benchmarks the poor status of post-partum quality-of-life and documents the spectrum, severity, and complexity of its key social, psychological, physical, and demographic determinants.

Pengaruh Intervensi Terapi Hypnobreastfeeding Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan pada Ibu Primipara Pasca Operasi Sectio Caesarea

Background: Sectio Caesarea (SC) is currently an alternative method of delivery for mothers. Delivery by sectio caesarea method in primipara mothers can cause anxiety problems. One way to reduce anxiety is with hypnobreastfeeding technique. Objective: Apply hypnobreastfeeding therapy and determine the effect of hypnobreastfeeding therapy on the anxiety level of primiparous mothers with post sectio caesarea. Methods: The method used in this study is a case study conducted on patients who are primiparous mothers after cesarean section with anxiety using hypnobreastfeeding therapy. This therapy was conducted for 2 days from May 10, 2024 - May 11, 2024 at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Results: From the case study conducted for 2 interventions, a decrease in anxiety was obtained as evidenced by the results of the HARS score showing anxiety decreased to 18 (mild anxiety) from the previous 22 (moderate anxiety). Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis and discussion carried out on the case study report entitled “The Effect of Hypnobreastfeeding Therapy Intervention on Anxiety Levels in Primiparous Mothers After Sectio Caesarea Surgery” it can be concluded that hypnobreastfeeding therapy is effective for reducing anxiety in postoperative sectio caesarea mothers.

Breast-feeding Practices among Primipara mothers at Selected Community, Chennai

Introduction: Breast milk is the best and most comprehensive source of nutrients for babies. Poor baby feeding practices are the cause of 60% of infant and early child mortality worldwide. The growth and development of children may be negatively impacted by inappropriate newborn feeding practices, particularly in underdeveloped and developing nations. Hence the present study was undertaken to determine the Breast-feeding Practices among Primipara Mothers at Selected Community, Chennai. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used. The study was carried out in a community area in Chennai. Using the purposive sampling technique, 100 primipara mothers with infants between the ages of 1-12 months who fulfil the inclusion criteria were selected after obtaining formal agreement from the relevant authorities of the selected community area and ethical clearance from the institutional ethical committee. The data was gathered through interview method using pre-tested instruments such as background variable proforma, obstetrical variable proforma, and proforma to evaluate primipara mothers' breastfeeding practices. Results: The study findings revealed that 73% of the primipara mothers had moderately adequate practice. None of them in the category of needs improvement. There was a significant association between selected obstetrical variables such as mode of delivery and practice on breast feeding in primipara mothers (p&lt;0.05). Those who had normal vaginal delivery had good practice when compared to those who delivered through LSCS.

Breast feeding techniques and associated factors among lactating primipara mothers during the postpartum period in Debre Markos health institutions, North West Ethiopia

BackgroundBreastfeeding technique is a combination of positioning, attachment, and breast milk suckling. Breastfeeding problems are caused by incorrect breastfeeding practices, which lead to premature discontinuation of breastfeeding. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the proportion of breastfeeding techniques and associated factors among lactating primiparous mothers during the postpartum period in the Debre Markos town health facility in 2021. MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1st to December 30, 2021. A systematic sampling technique was utilized to select study participants. An observational checklist developed by WHO and an interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to collect data from 409 mothers. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6.0.4 statistical software and then exported to SPSS version 24.0 for cleaning and analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was carried out to identify the factors associated with the practice of effective breastfeeding techniques. A variable that has a p-value of ≤0.2 was transferred to a multivariable for further analysis. The strength of association was identified using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, and a p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. ResultsThe proportion of practicing effective breastfeeding techniques among lactating primipara mothers was 29.1% (CI: 24.7, 33.3). Baby aged ≥29 days, mothers who were living in urban, mothers who attended college or higher education, mothers who have heard about BFT practices, mothers who received counseling on BFT after delivery, and mothers whose breast nipples had everted were variables that were significantly associated with the practice of effective breastfeeding techniques. ConclusionThe findings of this study revealed that the practice of effective breastfeeding techniques among lactating primipara mothers was lower in the study area. Therefore, healthcare providers should have to counsel mothers on how to position and attach their infants during breastfeeding. Practice implicationThe provision of breast-feeding method counseling to nursing mothers is one way to enhance the practices of breast feeding.

Family Support and Psychological Adaptation (Letting-Go) in Primipara Post-partum

During the recovery period, the post-partum mother will experience psychological changes proposed by several theories, which divides the period of psychological adjustment for the post-partum mother through three phases, namely the taking-in phase, taking-hold phase, and letting go. The moms' emotional, intellectual, and behavioral disorders are triggered by their awareness of their culpability. Mothers must adjust to their new positions as they deal with new families with babies. Inadequately adapting to the post-partum period, mothers should get support from the family. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and the process of psychological adaptation (letting go) in primiparous post-partum mothers. This study sampled 33 primiparous post-partum mothers using a proportional random sampling technique. These involved primiparous post-partum mothers who lived with their families for 10-42 days and were willing to be respondents. The research used a questionnaire to analyze data. Data analysis using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov showed a p-value of 0.047 (p-value≤0.05). The results suggest that there is a relationship between family support and the process of psychological adaptation. Improving early screening for post-partum depression and increasing understanding of mothers and families can help reduce baby blues syndrome and post-partum depression in post-partum mothers.