Primiparous Breastfeeding Mothers Research Articles

Comparative analysis of neonatal weight and length pattern in cross-cradle and other breastfeeding positions

Background: Breastfeeding is an art and a skill which needs to be learnt and mastered. There is no one right position for breastfeeding. Any breastfeeding position that is comfortable for the mother and infant for effective breast milk transfer is an acceptable position. Cross cradle hold works well for Mothers who are breastfeeding for the first time, with latching difficulties, having flat and inverted nipples. Also, it helps in deep latching which helps to improve the level of attachment among new born. Objective of the study was to compare cross-cradle hold and other breastfeeding positions in terms of their effects on weight and length pattern in neonates among primiparous breastfeeding mothers after full-term vaginal delivery. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology department among 240 primipara mothers who delivered vaginally at the same tertiary care institute. Results: Total 50.42% mothers preferred cross-cradle hold breastfeeding position. Neonates of mothers who had adopted cross-cradle hold, had better gain in weight and length after one month. Conclusions: Significantly more gain in weight and length of neonates were observed in those mothers who have adopted cross-cradle breastfeeding position.

Peran Keluarga Dan Motivasi Ibu Terhadap Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Pada Ibu Menyusui

Breastmilk is ideal food for babies that is safe, clean, contains antibodies and can protect against many common childhood diseases. In Tanggamus Regency, it was still found that 25% of mothers do not exclusively breastfeed their babies. The research type used is quantitative and the research design is cross-sectional. The samples were primiparous breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 7-12 months in Pariaman Village as many as 33 respondents. The univariate analysis used frequency distribution and bivariate analysis used Chi-square. The results of the univariate analysis revealed that the respondents who gave exclusive breastfeeding were 26 (78.8%), the good family role as 27 (81.8%), high motivation for breastfeeding mothers were 17 (51.51%). Bivariate analysis revealed that there was no correlation between the family role on giving exclusive breastfeeding (p-value 1,000 less than 0.05). There was a significant correlation between mother's motivation on giving exclusive breastfeeding (p-value 0.039 less than 0.05) and OR = 0.104, it means that the mothers with high motivation have 0.104 times the opportunity to give exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers with low motivation. It is expected that health workers will regularly provide education to breastfeeding mothers so, they can increase motivation in giving exclusive breastfeeding for their babies.

Perceived insufficient milk among primiparous, fully breastfeeding women: Is infant crying important?

Breastfeeding mothers often report perceived insufficient milk (PIM) believing their infant is crying too much, which leads to introducing formula and the early abandonment of breastfeeding. We sought to determine if infant crying was associated with reported PIM (yes/no) and number of problems associated with lactation (lactation problem score [LPS] 6‐point Likert scale) before formula introduction. Primiparous breastfeeding mothers were recruited at birth and visited at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Among those fully breastfeeding at 1 week (N = 230), infant crying variables based on maternal reports were not associated with PIM at 1 week, but LPS was. However, a mother's expectation that her infant would cry more than other infants was associated with increased odds of reporting PIM at 2 and 4 weeks, as were delayed onset of lactation and previous LPS. At 1 week, crying variables (frequency, difficulty in soothing) were associated with LPS along with percent weight change. Delayed onset of lactation, infant care style, number of breastfeeds and previous LPS were longitudinally associated with change in LPS from 1 to 2 weeks and 2 to 4 weeks. Our data suggest that reported infant crying is associated with PIM and LPS in the first 4 weeks of life. Guidance on what to expect in crying behaviour and the impact of infant care style may be beneficial in reducing PIM and LPS in the first month.

Comparison of the effects of olive oil and breast milk on the prevention of nipple problems in primiparous breastfeeding women: a randomized controlled trial

We aimed to determine the effects of olive oil and breast milk on the prevention of nipple problems in this study. This study was conducted on 120 primiparous breastfeeding mothers. The mean scores for nipple pain demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the olive oil group and the control group (p = .006) and nipple damage was significantly less in the olive oil group (p = .003) on the 7th day of the follow-up. Our results illustrated that olive oil was effective in reducing pain severity and preventing the formation of nipple crack compared control group.

Mobile Information Breastfeeding Model (MIB-Model) On Behaviors and Self-Efficacy of Breastfeeding Among Mothers

Breastfeeding is proven to have long-term health benefits for both mothers and infants. The advancement of mobile technology is very useful in promoting health that can change health behaviors. The success of breast milk is not separated from the methods and media used. The study aimed to develop MIB-Model and to examine the effect of MIB-Model on behavior and self-efficacy of breastfeeding among mothers in providing breast milk. The application development method with the software development Live cycle (SDLC) with the waterfall model. The test model is conducted with Quasi-experiment with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The number of respondents in this study amounted to 40 0rang, 20 for the experimental group, and 20 for the control group. MIB-Model proved its worth having performed with the ISO 9126 standard and can improve knowledge, attitudes, actions, and the baby's weight to the P-value <0.05. In unpaired data analysis, self-efficacy with P-value> 0.05 showed no differences between the intervention and control, support, and experience of being part of self-efficacy formation. MIB-Model is feasible to be utilized and improved primiparous breastfeeding mothers' behavior and the baby's weight and does not increase the self-efficacy mother

Randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a breastfeeding relaxation intervention on maternal psychological state, breast milk outcomes, and infant behavior and growth

Biological signaling and communication between mothers and infants during breastfeeding may shape infant behavior and feeding. This signaling is complex and little explored in humans, although it is potentially relevant for initiatives to improve breastfeeding rates. The aim of this study was to investigate physiological and psychological aspects of mother-infant signaling during breastfeeding experimentally, testing the effects of a relaxation intervention on maternal psychological state, breast milk intake, milk cortisol levels, and infant behavior and growth. Primiparous breastfeeding mothers and full-term infants were randomly assigned to receive relaxation therapy [intervention relaxation group; n=33 (RG)] or to the control group [n=31 (CG); no relaxation therapy] at 2 wk postpartum. Both groups received standard breastfeeding support. Home visits were conducted at 2 (HV1), 6 (HV2), 12 (HV3) and 14 (HV4) wk to measure maternal stress and anxiety, breast milk intake and milk cortisol, and infant behavior and growth. RG mothers had lower stress scores postintervention than the CG (HV3 ∆=-3.13; 95% CI: -5.9, -0.3) and lower hindmilk cortisol at HV1 (∆=-44.5%; 95% CI: -76.1%, -12.9%) but not at HV2. RG infants had longer sleep duration (∆=82 min/d; 95% CI: 16, 149 min/d) at HV2 and higher gains in weight and body mass index standardized deviation score than the CG infants (∆=0.76; 95% CI: 0.3, 1.22; and ∆=0.59; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.1, respectively). RG infants had a mean milk intake at HV3 that was 227 g/d higher than that of the CG infants (P=0.031) after controlling for gender and milk intake at HV1. The trial shows the effectiveness of a simple relaxation intervention for improving maternal and infant outcomes and identifies some potential signaling mechanisms for investigation in future and larger studies, especially in settings where mothers are more stressed, such as those with preterm or low birth weight infants. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01971216.

Maternal perceptions of paternal investment are associated with relationship satisfaction and breastfeeding duration in humans.

This study examined potential pathways in the associations between breastfeeding and mothers' relationship satisfaction, including her satisfaction with father involvement (FI) and parity, among mothers not working outside the home at 6 months. Mothers (n = 222) completed questionnaires at 4 time-points, 3 to 24 months postpartum as part of a longitudinal cohort study. In this study, we were interested in two main outcome variables: mothers' relationship satisfaction with their partner (RS) and continuation of breastfeeding after 3 months. Our first analysis revealed that breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum predicted decreased RS at 6 months postpartum, which was mediated by mothers' dissatisfaction with FI in infant caretaking at 6 months postpartum. These associations depended on mothers' parity: Multiparous breastfeeding mothers were the most dissatisfied with FI. Second, mothers' satisfaction with FI at 6 months also predicted increased RS at 24 months through increased RS at 12 months, but not through FI at 18 months. Third, we found that high dissatisfaction with FI at 6 months was the only significant predictor for the discontinuation of breastfeeding from 3 to 6 months postpartum. Our results suggest that multiparous breastfeeding mothers might be more dissatisfied with FI in caregiving than nonbreastfeeding mothers and primiparous breastfeeding mothers. Furthermore, mothers' satisfaction with FI seems a potent predictor of overall RS up to 24 months postpartum and the continuation of breastfeeding from 3 to 6 months postpartum, regardless of parity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

English

Organochlorine pesticides belong to the class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They are deeply involved in environmental issues and represent a real threat for human health. The aim of this study was to assess the level of organochlorine pesticides contamination in human milk through two studies of POPs biomonitoring performed in 2010 and 2015 in Cote d'Ivoire. Primiparous breastfeeding mothers were selected from maternal and child healthcare centers in the district of Abidjan. A grouped human milk sample was prepared from individual sample collected from each mother. The grouped sample was frozen at -20°C, packaged and shipped to a World Health Organization (WHO) reference laboratory in Germany for the determination of persistent organic pollutants. Analysis of samples from both studies revealed the presence of several organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dieldrin, chlordane, heptachlor and heptachlorobenzene. Some organochlorine pesticides such as DDT (1073 to 491 ng/g) (54.24%), chlordane (5.7 to 3.6 ng/g) (36.84%), heptachlor (4 to 2 ng/g) (50%) and dieldrin (4.6 to 3.3 ng/g) showed an outstanding decrease. However, HCH and heptachlorobenzene increased in human milk from 2010 to 2015. Values increased from 13.8 to 18.2 ng/g for HCH and from 2.6 to 3.4 ng/g for heptachlorobenzene. Despite their ban, humans are still subject to a long term exposure to organochlorine pesticides. Key words:Organochlorine pesticides, human milk, biomonitoring.

Investigating the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and its Related Factors in Primiparous Breastfeeding Mothers

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the most effective behaviors in health promotion and one of factor affecting its success, is breastfeeding self-efficacy. Low breastfeeding self-efficacy entails consequences such as early cessation of breastfeeding, reduction of exclusive breastfeeding, negative effect on sensation and performance. Regarding this study aimed to investigate the breastfeeding self-efficacy and its related factors in pramiparous breastfeeding mothers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 primiparous breastfeeding mothers with less than 6 months infants referring to healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran. The study population was selected through multi-stage random sampling technique. Data collection was performed by demographic form and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale developed by fax and Dennis (1999). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, through SPSS version 16. Results: In present study,majority of participants were housewife within the age range of 15-25 years with diploma education and had normal delivery. Majority (79.33%) of mothers had high level of breastfeeding self-efficacy with a mean of 130.89±13.60. According to the multiple regression model, employed mothers (B =5.88, p=0.040) with an appropriate income (B=3.7, p=0.42) had significantly higher breastfeeding self-efficacy, compared to those with low family income. On the other hand, mothers with rental houses had significantly lower breastfeeding self-efficacy than their peers with owned properties (B = -3.48, p=0.023). Conclusion: As findings indicated, breastfeeding self-efficacy of participants was at high level. This factor can help health care providers to predict length of breastfeeding, and success rate of exclusive nutrition in mothers, and thereby identify mothers, who are at risk of early breastfeeding stop.

Daily routines of breastfeeding mothers.

Increasing research suggests breastfeeding has many benfeits to mothers and children, yet breastfeeding duration rates remain well below Healthy People 2020 objectives. In order to increase breastfeeding rates, the complex role change in becoming a breastfeeding mother deserves closer examination. This pilot study sought to explore the daily routines and supports experienced by primiparous breastfeeding mothers with the objective of using this information to design interventions to promote breastfeeding duration. Surveys were conducted at 2-3, 6-8, and 10-12 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Eleven primiparous mothers. None of the eleven mothers interviewed at 2-3 week had a daily routine; 5 out of 9 mothers described a 'hint of a routine' at 6-8 weeks, and 6 out of 7 mothers described an 'emerging routine' at 10-12 weeks. Despite wanting more support and better preparation, most mothers succeeded with exclusive breastfeeding for the 12-week period. These findings were viewed through the lens of non-linear dynamics and transition theory. Implications for occupational therapy and occupational science were discussed.