Primigravid Women Research Articles

Neonatal Clinical Early-onset Sepsis and COVID-19: A Case Presentation

Introduction: After the Ministry of the health of Iran officially announced widespread of COVID-19 on 19 February 2020, our attention focused on novel coronavirus. In our case, a2-day- old neonate shows symptoms of sepsis. The main presentation was hypothermia and desaturation. The mother was COVID-19 positive with an active cough. The PCR of the neonate was negative. We don’t claim that the neonate is affected by COVID-19, but this may be an atypical form of sepsis in neonates with positive mothers following COVID-19. 
 Case presentation: A2-day- old female neonate with a gestational age of 40 weeks and a birth weight of 2370 grams was born via the cesarean route from a mother who was a 34-year-old primigravida woman without any history of disease during pregnancy. Two days before delivery, the mother had malaise and dry cough. She was diagnosed as a COVID-19 positive case based on RT-PCR after delivery. On the second day after birth, the parents brought the baby to the emergency room of the children’s medical center hospital with complaints of poor feeding, poor sucking and decreased urination. Physical examination revealed the following signs; hypothermia; T=36℃, diminished primitive reflexes, hypotonia, and oxygen desaturation until 85% without respiratory distress that increased to 98% with oxy hood. We admitted and treated her early-onset sepsis and discharged in excellent condition.
 Conclusion: Early-onset sepsis as defined is a clinical state that is transferred from mother. The presentations in our case maybe a new form of clinical sepsis following a mother with COVID-19. We don’t claim that our case is COVID-19 positive but in neonates with affected mother’s insidious symptoms should be in concern.

Prevalence of perianal diseases and associated factors in primigravida women: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.

To define the incidence of anorectal diseases in primigravida women as well as in the first month after delivery and the factors affecting the development of anorectal diseases. The sample size was determined as 328 primigravida women. Research data were collected from pregnant women who applied to Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic, Kars Harakani State Hospital Gynecology and General Surgery Polyclinic, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey, between November 2020 and August 2021.The pregnant women were examined and surveyed 4 times; in the second and third trimesters, on the day after delivery, and in the first month after delivery. Chi-square test was used in the analysis of the data determined by counting. Variables which were statistically significant (p<0.05) in the Chi-square test were included in the backward logistic regression analysis. Perianal disease was observed in 103 (38.6%) of the pregnant women. The incidence of perianal disease was found to be 4.917 times (confidence interval [CI]: [2.134-11.327]) higher in those with perianal disease compared with those without, 2.936 times (CI:[1.584-5.439]) higher in those who did not consume fiber-rich foods compared with those who did, 9.512 times (CI: [4.583-19.742]) higher in those with constipation compared with those without, and 23.721 times (CI: [5.363-104.915]) higher in those whose pushing stage duration was above average compared with that in those whose pushing stage duration was below average. In primigravida pregnants, the risk of perianal disease increases in those who have perianal disease before pregnancy, those who do not consume fibrous food, those who have constipation, and those who have a long pushing period.

Urine Calcium-Creatinine Ratio in Prediction of Pre-eclampsia.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are first identified during pregnancy (gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome) or may present as a complication of previously existing disease (chronic hypertension, renal disease, and systemic disease). These hypertensive disorders complicate the pregnancy, leading to significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries (Chappell in Lancet 398(10297):341-354, 2021). These hypertensive disorders are about 5-10% of all pregnancies. This is a single institutional study, which was conducted among 100 normotensive asymptomatic antenatal women at, 20-28weeks of gestation attending our OPD. Voluntary participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Spot urine sample was taken for estimation of UCCR by an enzymatic colorimetric method. These patients were followed up throughout the pregnancy and monitored for the development of pre-eclampsia. UCCR is compared in both groups. Pre-eclampsia women were further followed up to observe the perinatal outcomes. Among 100 antenatal women, 25 of them developed pre-eclampsia. UCCR of < 0.04 was considered as cutoff and compared between pre-eclampsia and normotensive women. This ratio yielded a sensitivity of 61.54%, specificity 87.84%, positive predictive value 64%, and negative predictive value of 86.67%. It was also observed that primigravida had more sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (91.7%) in predicting pre-eclampsia compared to multigravida. The mean and median UCCR among pre-eclamptic women was significantly low (0.062 ± 0.076, 0.03) compared to normotensive women (0.15 ± 0.115, 0.12) with a p value of < 0.001. Spot UCCR is a good predictor of pre-eclampsia in primigravida women and can be considered as a routine screening test at 20-28weeks of gestation during regular antenatal visits.

Interoceptive sensibility and body satisfaction in pregnant and non-pregnant women with and without children

Pregnancy is a time of great physical and psychological change. As well as prominent changes in the external appearance of the body, such as the baby bump, there are also substantial changes taking place within the body. Our awareness of, and attention towards, internal bodily signals (interoception) is thought to have a direct impact on how we feel about our bodies. Therefore, understanding how our experience of these interoceptive signals might change during pregnancy may have important implications for maternal wellbeing. This study examined body satisfaction and interoceptive sensibility (subjective experience of interoception) in pregnant and non-pregnant women with and without children. Feelings towards pregnancy-specific changes in body satisfaction and interoceptive sensibility were also examined in women in their first pregnancy (primigravida) and subsequent pregnancies (multigravida). It was found that pregnancy did not directly impact levels of body satisfaction, instead pregnant and non-pregnant women with children reported less satisfaction with their bodies compared to those without children. Primigravida women were more satisfied with the appearance of pregnancy specific bodily changes compared to multigravida women. Interestingly, these differences in body satisfaction in those with children (pregnant and non-pregnant) were mediated by the extent to which women trusted their bodies (measure of interoceptive sensibility). All other pregnancy related changes in interoceptive sensibility and body satisfaction were either non-significant or had small effect sizes. These results may suggest body trust as an important factor to support during the transition to parenthood in order to improve body satisfaction in mothers.

Knowledge on Birth Preparedness among Primigravida Women Attending Antenatal Clinics

Introduction: Birth preparedness is that the process of designing for the birth. Aim this study aimed to assess the birth preparedness knowledge, attitude and practice of primigravida women. Design: A descriptive survey approach adopted to assess the knowledge regarding birth preparedness among primigravida women. Tool: Using 20 items questionnaire was conducted in non probability convenience sampling technique. The Sample setting is chosen hospital in Visnagar. Sample Size: The sample size was 40. Result: the study identified that the 8(20% ) women having good, 27(67.5%) women have average and also the 5(12.5%) women have poor knowledge and birth preparedness among primigravida. Thus study result shows the pre test average is 11.95 and variance is 2.991.

Effect of Emotion Regulation Training Based On the Gross Model on the Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: A Randomized Field Trial

Effect of Emotion Regulation Training Based On the Gross Model on the Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: A Randomized Field Trial

Delivering a Birth Safely – Case Reports of Perineal Infection Prevention among Pregnant Women Living Around Ex-landfills

Background: Pregnant women living around ex-landfills have a higher risk of infection due to slum milieu, poor nutritional status, and fetal head pressure on the perineum during labor which can cause it to tear. Objective: This research aimed to emphasize the importance of limiting prophylaxis antibiotics for the 1st and 2nd degrees of perineal tears due to their negligible risk of infection. Case presentations: This is a report of two primigravid women aged 19 years old (cases 1 and 2) and multiparous women aged 29 and 30 yo (cases 3 and 4) who managed to give birth safely in Puskesmas (Indonesian primary healthcare facilities), despite having low blood pressure and non-adherence to antenatal care. All of them suffered from 2nd degree of perineal tears and received analgesics, iron, vitamin B complex, and vitamin A tablets. The subjects attended puerperium care on days, 14, and 42 postpartum at Puskesmas. Discussion: In March 2020, Puskesmas' healthcare team performed a new 1st and 2nd-degree perineal tears prevention without antibiotics following normal vaginal birth. Standard care consists of personal hygiene, perineal wound care, and education on the importance of nutritious food and adherence to maternal supplementation. All subjects presented with complete perineal wound healing without infection at day-42 postpartum. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 2nd-degree perineal tears infection following normal vaginal birth could be prevented without antibiotics. It is strongly suggested to control the maternal nutritional states, potentially interfering with the maternal ability to heal the perineal wound.

A comparative study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding prenatal attachment among primigravida women residing in selected urban and rural communities of District Mohali, Punjab

Background of the study: The earliest relationship does not begin at birth. The concept of prenatal attachment is defined as the subjective feeling state of love for the unborn child. Developing an attachment for one’s unborn child is considered an important milestone in the future parents’ developmental trajectory. Pregnancy is a natural, pleasant process in a woman’s life, which is also associated with significant stresses due to the physical and mental changes. Evidence suggests that the emergence of maternal-fetal attachment, is a predictive factor for the postpartum maternal attitude and function, mother-infant interaction, and attachment after birth. Mothers with a higher level of fetal attachment during pregnancy have been shown to have more effective interactions with their infants, which in turn has a substantial impact on the growth and emotional, cognitive, and social development of the child. Aim: To compare the knowledge and attitude regarding prenatal attachment among primigravida women residing in selected urban and rural communities. Material and methods: A quantitative research approach with non-experimental comparative research design was adopted to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding prenatal attachment among primigravida women residing in selected urban and rural communities of District Mohali, Punjab. A total of 100 primigravida women i.e., 50 from urban and 50 from rural community were selected using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Results: Present study result showed that in urban community majority of primigravida women (42%) had moderate knowledge; while in rural community majority of primigravida women (56%) had in-adequate knowledge regarding prenatal attachment. Results related to attitude revealed that in urban community majority of primigravida women (62%) had favorable attitude where as in rural community majority of primigravida women (68%) had unfavorable attitude towards prenatal attachment. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study was urban community has adequate knowledge and favorable attitude then rural community. Hence, the study suggests that considering the importance of prenatal attachment in child’s development and mother’s health, prenatal period can be an appropriate time to educate the women regarding maternal fetal attachment and its importance and benefits of attachment to the fetus.

A comparative study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding prenatal attachment among primigravida women residing in selected urban and rural communities of District Mohali, Punjab

A comparative study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding prenatal attachment among primigravida women residing in selected urban and rural communities of District Mohali, Punjab

POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE IN SPONTANEOUS VERSUS INDUCED LABOR IN PRIMIGRAVIDA AT TERM

Objectives: To compare the frequency of Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) in spontaneous Vs induced labor in Primigravidas at term. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynae­cology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, and Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. A total of 134 Primigravidas, were enrolled through non probability consecutive sampling after taking informed consent. PPH was noted for individual patients, who were grouped as those undergoing spontaneous labor and those entering labor after the process of induction with Misoprostol. All the data was entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS 21. Results: The study was conducted on 134 primigravida women subjected to either spontaneous or induced labor. The mean age of the whole study sample was 27.5 + 4.8 years. The mean BMI of the whole study sample was 22.3 + 1.7kg/m2. The sample of 134 women, 59.7% (n=80) were having spontaneous labor while 40.3% (n=54) were induced using Misoprostol. The overall frequency of PPH was recorded in 26.9% (n=36) of the sample. When stratified with regards to the mode of labor onset, it was found that there is a significant increase in the frequency of PPH in Primigravidas with induced labour. Conclusion: The frequency of PPH is significantly high in women who are subjected to induced labor as compared to spontaneous labor.

Ultrasound features of placental chorioangioma detected by SMI technology before and after thrombosis of feeding vessels: analysis of a clinical case

Objective: Placental chorioangioma is the most common non-trophoblastic vascular benign tumor of the placenta, with an estimated incidence of 1% of all pregnancies. Most chorioangiomas are small asymptomatic lesions that are found incidentally only postnatally during histologic examination of the placenta. Voluminous chorioangiomas (&gt;4–5 cm), however, are less common and are more often diagnosed prenatally, through ultrasound imaging. Color Doppler demonstrates either a single blood vessel feeding the lesion or substantial vascularity within the mass. Large tumors have been associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, polyhydramnios, fetal congestive heart failure, fetal anemia, fetal hydrops and intrauterine death. Case(s): A 35-years-old primigravida woman with uncomplicated pregnancy was referred to the Ultrasound Centre of Obstetric and Gynecologic of Sant’Anna Hospital, Turin, due to a suspect placental mass seen during the ultrasound performed at 32 weeks of gestation. In this case, detailed ultrasound scans with grey scale and Doppler examination were performed (using Aplio 550; Canon Medical Systems Europe BV, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands). We also decided to study the vascularization of the mass with SMI (superb microvascular imaging) technology. In particular, with the use of SMI, it was possible to visualize the vascularization of the mass more completely which was conspicuous at first but disappeared after thrombosis of feeding vessels with favorable pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: SMI is a new vascularity imaging method that can visualize vessels that exhibit slow flow rates. It uses a system to reduce artifacts by greatly reducing interference from tissue movement.

Cohort Study: Pregnant Exercise with Primigravida Stage II of Labor Delivery

Pregnancy exercise is a program for healthy pregnant women to prepare for the mother's physical condition. Suppose the mother does not do pregnancy exercise. In that case, she will experience aches, get tired quickly during pregnancy, and her delivery is not smooth in the second stage, thereby increasing fetal distress. This study determined the relationship between pregnancy exercise and the duration of the second stage of labor in primigravida in the Ambunten Health Center Work Area. The study design used a cohort analytic using a retrospective approach. The population was all primigravida women giving birth from September 2019 to September 2021. The sample taken was 179 respondents using a non-probability sampling technique. The second stage of labor They were then analyzed using the chi-square test. The results obtained from 179 respondents who did pregnancy exercise during the second stage of labor (74%) and did not do pregnancy exercise were not smooth (9%). The data analysis obtained the results with a p-value (0.000) and an error rate of the p-value (0.05). Conclusion H0 is rejected, and H1 is accepted. This means that there is a relationship between pregnancy exercise and the duration of the second stage of labor in primigravida in the Ambunten Health Center Work Area. This study concludes that respondents who did pregnancy exercise experienced a smooth process of the second stage of labor. Thus, it is recommended that respondents be more active in carrying out pregnancy exercises and that health workers intensify pregnant women to participate in classes for pregnant women.

Unavoidable Caesarean Myomectomy Due to Multiple Anterior Uterine Fibroids: A Case Report

Background: Caesarean myomectomy is still a controversial issue in current obstetric practice due to the fear of uncontrollable haemorrhage. However, it may become very necessary occasionally with increased prevalence of fibroids among our pregnant mothers. Case Report: We report a case of Mrs UC, a 30-year-old primigravid woman who booked for antenatal care at 16 weeks gestational age following a 3-year history of infertility. The pregnancy was complicated with abdominal pain from red degeneration of uterine fibroid and was managed with pentazocine in the 2nd trimester. She presented in labour at 39 weeks and 4 days but labour was prolonged for 8 hours, having adequate contractions without any significant improvement in both descent and cervical dilatation. She subsequently had an emergency caesarean myomectomy with an outcome of a live female neonate that weighed 3.1kg with good Apgar scores and 2 pieces of uterine myoma that weighed 1.1kg. The post-operative and puerperal periods were uneventful. Conclusion: Caesarean myomectomy, a controversial obstetric procedure, can be indicated when the location and size of the fibroid mass makes caesarean delivery only very challenging and difficult.

Psychoeducation for psychological issues and birth preparedness in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

BACKGROUNDPsychological issues usually accompany the pregnancy of first-time mothers, and psychoeducational interventions might be effective in addressing these concerns and preparing first-time mothers for childbirth and the postnatal period.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to identify, analyze, and synthesize the components and determine the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions that are used for managing psychological issues and enhancing birth preparedness among primigravid women or couples in low- and middle-income countries.STUDY DESIGNA systematic search of 12 databases (APA PsycINFO, EmCare, Embase, MEDLINE(R), Ovid Nursing, British Nursing Index, Health & Medical Collection, ProQuest, CINAHL, Cochrane, Hinari, and PubMed) was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 1946 and October 2021. The quality of the included studies was appraised by the Joanna and Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool, and a narrative synthesis was performed to analyze data extracted from included articles. The systematic review protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42021237896).RESULTSThe initial search yielded 8658 articles. Of note, 16 articles, including 7 randomized controlled trials and 9 nonrandomized trials, met the inclusion criteria and were selected and reviewed for quality. In addition, 31 outcomes were measured in the studies, including psychological outcomes, birth preparedness outcomes, and other outcomes. The design of the interventions included antenatal education that was delivered through lectures, role plays, trainings, and antenatal counseling. All the psychoeducational interventions had a significant effect (P<.05; Cohen's d or Hedges’ g=0.2–1.9) on certain psychological outcomes, including childbirth attitude, fear of childbirth, depression, fear, and anxiety, and birth preparedness outcomes.CONCLUSIONAlthough first-time mothers experience a range of psychological issues during pregnancy, psychoeducational interventions were beneficial in addressing their psychological concerns. It would seem that these interventions are less expensive and could be easily implemented in low- and middle-income countries. However, rigorous research, such as randomized controlled trials, is hereby warranted to standardize the interventions and outcome assessment tools.

Unavoidable Posterior Lower Segment Caesarean Incision Due To a 180-Degree Uterine Torsion Resulting From a Huge Anterior Uterine Fibroid: A Case Report

Background: Uterine rotation is a common occurrence in pregnancy. However, when the rotation is more than 45 degrees it is termed torsion. Uterine torsion is rare and can complicate pregnancy especially in association with uterine anatomical pathologies, pelvic masses and abnormalities and fetal anomalies. The presentation and management vary and depend on the cause, degree of torsion and age of the pregnancy. The rarity of this condition makes this case report worthwhile. Case Report: We report a case of a 30 year old primigravid woman who booked for antenatal care at 16 weeks gestational age following a 3-year history of primary infertility. The pregnancy was complicated with abdominal pain from red degeneration of uterine fibroids and was managed with pentazocine injection severally in the 2nd trimester. She presented in labour at 39 weeks but the labour was prolonged for 8 hours, having adequate contractions without any significant improvement in both descent and cervical status. She subsequently had an emergency caesarean delivery through a posterior lower segment incision due to an incidental finding of a 180-degree uterine torsion resulting from huge anterior fibroids; with an outcome of a live female neonate that weighed 3.1kg with good Apgar scores. Two pieces of fibroids were removed from the anterior surface that weighed 1.1kg. The post operative and puerperal periods were uneventful. Conclusion: Uterine torsion in pregnancy, a rare obstetric occurrence and infrequently reported complication occurs mainly in the third trimester and may complicate labour. In the presence of significant uterine fibroid, a possibility of uterine torsion may be entertained when the progress of labour is considered poor without any obvious mechanical cause. In such cases caesarean delivery with possible posterior uterine incision may be carried out. Article Details

Psycheducation of Żikir decreases percieved stress and IL-6 level of primigravida women

Unstable emotions often occur during the pregnancy and place the pregnant women in a stress transition and tends to a vulnerable condition, which can increase proinflammatory cytokines so as to trigger preterm labor. The pregnancy period is a condition to get closer to God and make life more meaningful by using religious beliefs as a strong coping mechanism. This study aims to prove routine midwifery care plus psychoeducation Żikir further reduces perceived stress and the level of IL-6 Primigravida women compared to routine midwifery care.This study was an experimental study.A number of 37 participants as intervention group and a number of 38 participants as control group. The perceived stress obtained using Perceived Stress Scale and IL-6 levels measured using ELIZA kits in the third trimester of pregnancy. Statistical test using independent t test to compare delta score. The result showed mean difference between groups on the end of interventions, perceived stress 4.520 CI 95% (-7.687 – [-1.353]) and p value is 0.006. The difference of the IL-6 between groups 8.371 CI 95% (-11.361 – [-5.38]) and p value is less than 0.001. Conclusions: Routine midwifery care plus psychoeducation żikir has more decrease perceived stress and IL-6 levels in primigravida women.

Impact of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Antenatal Care Utilization among Primigravida Women in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: By the end of 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was diagnosed in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. In Saudi Arabia, the government applied prompt preventive measures against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). COVID-19 associated restrictions have been affected the antenatal care (ANC) services that made careful surveillance of the pregnant women health requirement to protect them from COVID-19 infection. The current study was conducted to assess the COVID-19 pandemic effect on ante-natal care utilization among primigravida women in Asir region, Saudi Arabia.&#x0D; Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted targeting all females with their 1st pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire covered pregnant females’ demographic data, medical history, COVID-19 infection history, ante-natal care visits. Final questionnaire was distributed among woman attending antenatal care clinics at primary health care centres (PHCCs) and Abha Maternity and Children Hospital clinics in Asir region during the period from December 2020 to December 2021&#x0D; Results: A total of 555 women attend to antenatal care clinics participated in the study. Primigravida women, who got pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Exact of 114 primigravida women meet the inclusion criteria. Participants’ ages ranged from 21 to more than 40 years with mean age of 24.6 ± 9.4 years old. Ante-natal care visits of 1st pregnancy women during a period of quarantine in Asir regions. Exact of 90 (78.9%) pregnant females were compliant to ANC visits during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 63 (70%) of these visits were in the private sector while 21 (23.3%) were at the governmental hospitals and 18 (6.7%) at the PHCCs.&#x0D; Conclusion: The current study revealed that pregnant primigravida females were adequately adherent for the ANC visits during COVID-19 pandemic especially those with multiple pregnancies. The most settings provided ANC visits were the private sector with reported good pregnancy outcome.

Psycheducation of Żikir decreases percieved stress and IL-6 level of Primigravida women

Unstable emotions often occur during the pregnancy and place the pregnant women in a stress transition and tends to a vulnerable condition, which can increase proinflammatory cytokines so as to trigger preterm labor. The pregnancy period is a condition to get closer to God and make life more meaningful by using religious beliefs as a strong coping mechanism. This study aims to prove routine midwifery care plus psychoeducation Żikir further reduces perceived stress and the level of IL-6 Primigravida women compared to routine midwifery care. This study was an experimental study. A number of 37 participants as intervention group and a number of 38 participants as control group. The perceived stress obtained using Perceived Stress Scale and IL-6 levels measured using ELIZA kits in the third trimester of pregnancy. Statistical test using independent t test to compare delta score. The result showed mean difference between groups on the end of interventions, perceived stress 4.520 CI 95% (-7.687 – [-1.353]) and p value is 0.006. The difference of the IL-6 between groups 8.371 CI 95% (-11.361 – [-5.38]) and p value is less than 0.001.

Influence of prenatal class towards the maternal role attainment in pregnant women ac-cording to the theory of becoming a mother

The Prenatal Class activity gives impact in the maternal role attainment in relation to the increase of knowledge, nutrition and health status, readiness in self-concept, as well as identity and perception during the pregnancy. In primigravida women the maternal role attainment is very optimal, it is because in this period women are more open and have high curiosity. The Prenatal Class activity provides the result of pregnant mother’s attainment in the category of good readiness. It indicates that Prenatal Class influences in the maternal role attainment started since the early pregnancy or in the Anticipatory phase.

Improvement of Orbital Intramuscular Hemangioma Following Delivery.

A 34-year-old primigravida woman at 26-week gestation presented with gradually progressive right eye proptosis since the early stage of pregnancy. On the first examination, the right eye had 7 mm proptosis, compared with the left eye. Magnetic resonance images demonstrated enlarged inferior and medial recti muscles with tendon involvement. The results of pathological examination of a specimen harvested from the medial rectus muscle lesion 1 month after the delivery corresponded to an intramuscular cavernous hemangioma. Three months after biopsy, the right eye had a 3-mm reduction in proptosis, and magnetic resonance images showed slight reduction in size of the medial rectus muscle lesion. The maximum diameter of the right medial rectus muscle measured on axial images decreased from 13.13 to 9.38 mm. The patient underwent balanced orbital decompression 8 months after the biopsy. At 9-month post-decompression period, the right eye had 3.5-mm proptosis, and the vision was stable.