Prime Factors Research Articles

Effect of Abhyantara Snehapana and Vamana Karma in Patients with Normal and Abnormal to Lipid Profile

In the recent years, India and other developing countries are witnessing a rapid escalation in lifestyle disorders like diabetes, coronary artery disease, obesity, hypothyroidism, etc. The prime causative factor for all the lifestyle disorders is hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is defined as a metabolic disorder that occurs due to abnormal blood lipid levels. This may lead to increase in the chances of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, stroke and other circulatory disorders. The abnormal lipid levels may include increase in triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and decrease in HDL. Vamana karma, a bio-purificatory emesis, being the major Panchakarma therapy has its greatest influence on almost all the lifestyle disorders. Lifestyle disorders aren’t possible without the involvement of Kapha dosha and Medho dhatu. Vamana is the first line of choice in the treatment of disorders caused by the aggravation of Kapha Dosha or Kapha associated with Pitta dosha. Vamana karma involves a pre-procedure called Snehapana, which include administration of high quantity of medicated lipids for a maximum period of seven days, followed by the bio-purificatory emesis or Vamana karma, a process of elimination of morbid Doshas from the oral route. Considering the high amounts of lipid usage in Snehapana, it becomes essential, to monitor its impact on lipid profile in patients undergoing Vamana karma for various etiologies. The present clinical study is of paramount importance as there were no previous studies on the impact of Sneha pana and Vamana in patients with both normal and abnormal lipid profiles. The statistical significance of results were quantitated by paired t test. Although Snehapana followed by Vamana, did not significantly alter levels of total cholesterol, and LDL, it did cause a significant reduction in triglycerides (p=0.0013) and VLDL (p=0.0038), improvement of HDL (P=0.02) in all the patients with abnormal lipid profile. However the values remained within the limit in patients with normal lipid parameters.

HSPiP and QbD oriented optimized green nanoemulsion to treat chloramphenicol contaminated water

Nanoemulsion is an isotropic and kinetically stable system used for multiple purposes. Exhaustive flow of chloramphenicol (CAMP) in the water systems raised global thereat to aquatic and human lives. Innate cohesive energy of the material is the basis of predictive HSPiP program. We aimed to prepare biocompatible nanoemulsion employing eugenol oil, lecithin, tween 80, and propylene glycol) for the contaminated water treatment. Furthermore, experimental design oriented robust nanoemulsion (OCEN1) investigated the impact of composition, CTime (exposure time), and nanoemulsion characteristics on percent removal efficiency (%RE). Thermodynamic stability study was conducted at different temperatures. Finally, the presence of CAMP in the treated water was negated by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy). HSP (Hansen solubility parameters) and experimental solubility data were the basis of excipient selection. A blend of tween-80 and lecithin served as surfactant mixture (Smix) to stabilize nanoemulsion. OCEN1 was associated with high desirability (D = 0.93), low size (43 nm), low PDI (0.19), high %RE (90.72 % over period of 17 min of exposure time), optimal viscosity (1.12 cP), and high zeta potential (−25 mV). Experimental design identified significant impact of composition, exposure time (CTime), and nanoemulsion characteristics on %RE as prime factors to consider before wastewater treatment plant installation. Thus, the approach is simple, rapid, ecofriendly, and scalable to treat CAMP contaminated water with high selectivity and efficiency.

Insight into the regulation effect of steam dilution on oxygen-enriched ammonia combustion characteristics

NH3/O2/H2O combustion technology combines oxygen enrichment to enhance NH3 combustion and steam dilution to control flame temperature and emissions, which can achieve clean and efficient power generation. Steam dilution strategies necessitate a balance between flame speed, temperature, and emissions. The key lies in kinetic investigation into the regulation effects of steam dilution on NH3/O2/H2O flames. An adaptive kinetic model is developed and validated against the measured flame speed and NO distribution. Experimental and numerical investigations are conducted to analyze the steam dilution effect on NH3/O2/H2O flame at varying Φs and Tus. Fuel-lean NH3/O2/H2O flames (Φ = 0.8–0.9) possess the highest flame speeds and a 25 % steam dilution results in a 39–45 % reduction (67.63–82.09 cm/s) in SL. H/O radical pools and NH3 primary decomposition (NH3 → NH2 + H) are the keys to the SL, and steam dilution significantly decreases the key radical accumulation. As ZH2O increases from 0 to 0.25, the stoichiometric flame temperature decreases to approximately 2600 K (a reduction of about 200 K). The staged dehydrogenation of NH3 always dominates the heat release, while the conversions of the H/O radical pool are the main endothermic reactions ·H2O dilution reduces the reactant concentration, and the high specific heat capacity of H2O also further reduces the flame temperature. ZH2O of 0.25 can reduce NO emissions to the order of magnitude of 100, while steam dilution may turn to promote NO emissions at Φ < 0.75 because steam dilution accelerates the generation of H and OH and promotes NO formation at fuel-lean conditions. ZH2O needs to be increased to more than 30 %, controlling the flame temperature not to exceed 2000 K and improving the fluid work efficiency. To further reduce NO emissions to 50 ppmv@15 %O2, it is necessary to adopt staged combustion nozzle/chamber structure designs, such as co-flow or secondary injection.

Abdominal hysterectomy due to uterine rupture causing bilateral ureterovaginal fistula: A rare case report

Abstract Ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) is defined as abnormal communication between ureter and vagina. Although documented after radical hysterectomy, post radiation and retained pessary incidence of bilateral UVF is still very rare. We have documented a case report of a multipara woman presented with persistent urinary leakage following an emergency hysterectomy for obstructed labor. After evaluation with imaging there was bilateral hydroureterophrosis with dense purulent collection mixed with contrast in the vesicular area with lower end of ureter draining in the vaginal vault with preserved renal function. During exploration both ureters were dilated. Instillation dye in both ureters showed extravasation in vagina. After ligating distal ends modified Lich-Gregoir technique done over double J (DJ) stents. DJ removed after 3 months. Bilateral UVF is only 5%–10% of all ureteric injury. Aggressive blind clamping, excessive hemorrhage, distorted anatomy, malignancy and surgeons experience play a crucial role. Obstetric cause is the prime factor. Preventing measures like proper screening of antenatal patients, early detection of high-risk pregnancy, supervised caesarean section should be taken to avoid ureteric injuries

Identifying Oxidative Stress-Related Genes (OSRGs) as Potential Target for Treating Periodontitis Based on Bioinformatics Analysis.

Periodontitis (PD) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that is closely associated with periodontopathic bacteria. Numerous studies have demonstrated oxidative stress (OS) contributes to inflammation and is a prime factor in the development of PD. It is imperative to explore the function of newly discovered hub genes associated with OS in the advancement of PD, thereby identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The goal of the current study was to identify the oxidative-stress-related genes (OSRGs) associated with periodontitis (PD) development using an integrated bioinformatics method. DEGs from GEO gene-expression data were identified using the "limma" package. We obtained OSRGs from GeneCards and utilized a Venn diagram to uncover differentially expressed OSRGs (DEOSRGs). After receiving the DEOSRGs, we employed Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analytical tools to examine their possible functions and pathways in PD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves screened for hub genes of PD. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were used to detect DEOSRG expression in mouse ligature-induced periodontitis gingival tissues. The investigation identified 273 OSRGs. Based on PPI analysis, we recognized 20 OSRGs as hub genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these hub genes were predominantly enriched in leukocyte migration, lymphocyte proliferation, and humoral immune response, and associated with leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Following ROC analysis, VCAM1, ITGAM, FCGR3A, IL1A, PECAM1, and VCAM1were identified as PD prognostic gene. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses confirmed that the expression ITGAM, FCGR3A, and PECAM1 were significantly elevated in the gingival tissues obtained from mice. This investigation revealed that ITGAM, FCGR3A, and PECAM1 may have a crucial function in the advancement of PD.

Gut-Gonad Perturbations in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Energy-Dysbalance.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder that affects people of all age groups throughout the world. It is responsible for the alterations in male gonadal physiology in experimental models as well as in clinical cases. On the other side, diabetes mellitus has also been associated with perturbations in the gut physiology and microbiota dysbiosis. The accumulating evidence suggests a link between the gut and gonad as evident from the i) experimental data providing insights into type 1 diabetes mellitus induced gut perturbations, ii) link of gut physiology with alterations of testicular health, iii) role of gut microbiota in androgen metabolism in the intestine, and iv) epidemiological evidence linking type 1 diabetes mellitus with inflammatory bowel disease and male infertility. Considering all the pieces of evidence, it is summarized that gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and energy dys-balance are the prime factors involved in the gonadal damage under type 1 diabetes mellitus, in which the gut contributes significantly. Identification of novel biomarkers and intervention of suitable agents targeting these prime factors may be a step forward to restore the gonadal damage in diabetic conditions.

Each friend of 10 has at least 10 nonidentical prime factors

For each positive integer n, if the sum of the factors of n is divided by n, then the result is called the abundancy index of n. If the abundancy index of some positive integer m equals the abundancy index of n but m is not equal to n, then m and n are called friends. A positive integer with no friends is called solitary. The smallest positive integer that is not known to have a friend and is not known to be solitary is 10.It is not known if the number 6 has odd friends, that is, if odd perfect numbers exist. In a 2007 article, Nielsen proved that the number of nonidentical prime factors in any odd perfect number is at least 9. A 2015 article by Nielsen, which was more complicated and used a computer program that took months to complete, increased the lower bound from 9 to 10.This work applies methods from Nielsen’s 2007 article to show that each friend of 10 has at least 10 nonidentical prime factors.This is a formal write-up of results presented at the Southern Africa Mathematical Sciences Association Conference 2023 at the University of Pretoria.

Optimized deep learning regression assisted wear rate analysis of Cu–AlCoCrCuFe HEA composite

At present, composites have brought materials to a new era with superior characteristics. The proper selection of materials with optimal processing conditions is one of the prime factors in determining the efficiency of composites. This article introduces a new composite by fabricating a copper matrix with reinforced AlCoCrCuFe High Entropy Alloy (HEA). The ultimate theme of this research is to forecast the wear rate of the Cu–AlCoCrCuFe HEA composite. Using the pin on the disk, the wear test is carried out on varying combinations of parameters. Then Taguchi analysis is carried out to get the precise fit parameters. The wear rate mainly depends on the percentage of HEA, sliding distance, sliding velocity, and the load applied. Correlation analysis is performed to determine the exact parameter determining the optimal wear rate and the coefficient of friction. After feature extraction, the parameters are optimized, and the neural network regression is given the optimized parameters. The network has been trained, and predictions are made using it. The model successfully predicts the wear rate, as evidenced by the declining RMSE of 0.28 and rising R2 values up to 92%. The analysis shows a significant decline in the wear rate with HEA additions. In addition, the wear rate increases with a rise in load, sliding velocity, and sliding distance.

Investigation of the decomposition behavior of the fluoroalkyl acrylate homopolymer and its grafted copolymers onto high-density polyethylene

In this study, the thermal degradation behavior of both poly(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-dodecafluoro-5-methyloctyl-4-(acryloyloxy) benzoate), poly(ABCF13) and its graft copolymers onto high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was investigated in detail. The homopolymers and grafted copolymers were synthesized using the bulk-melt polymerization method in the presence of benzoyl peroxide; 10% and 40% of ABCF13 were used in the graft copolymers. The combined analytical technique, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TGA/FTIR), was utilized to understand the obtained products' thermal behavior and formed decomposition chemicals. The thermal tests were carried out in both air and N2 atmospheres. The experimental results showed that the first weight loss of poly(ABCF13) in air and N2 atmospheres started at about 226°C (1.00%), and the primary and early decomposition product was determined as CO2. The weight loss pattern in graft copolymers at lower concentrations closely resembled that of the homopolymer. However, at higher concentrations, the resulting products exhibited a distinct decomposition mechanism characterized by a gradual decrease in trend. This segmented behavior may indicate the coexistence of the homopolymer and grafted copolymers within the matrix. Moreover, the findings showed that the semi-fluorinated grafted unit had a substantial retardation effect on the polymer.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECT OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND DEXAMETHASONE AS AN ADJUVANT TO 0.2% ROPIVACAINE FOR ULTRASOUND GUIDED TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK FOR INFRAUMBILICAL SURGERIES

Background: The relief of pain and suffering is, and always has been, one of the primary concerns of mankind and one of the prime factors that has influenced the course of history of medicine. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional anaesthetic technique which blocks the abdominal neural afferents by introducing local anaesthetic into the neuro-fascial plane between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as an adjuvant to 0.2%ropivacaine in ultrasound guided transverses abdominis plane block in infra umbilical surgeries in terms of, 1. Time to initial postoperative pain. 2. Time to initial rescue analgesia. 3. Quality of block.. 4. Total postop analgesic consumption. 5. Patient satisfaction with regard to pain relief. 6. Post-operative nausea and vomiting. Materials And Methods: We included 80 patients of age between 18-60 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA)I and II scheduled for elective infraumbilical surgeries in our study. We randomly allotted these patients into two groups namely Group A and Group B of each. Patients in Group APatients who received transversus abdominis plane block with - 18ml Ropivacaine 0.2%+ 2 ml Dexamethasone 8mg. Patients in Group B received transversus abdominis plane block with-18ml Ropivacaine 0.2%+ 2 ml Dexmedetomidine .This TAP block was given soon after the surgery is completed. The duration of block and regression of sensory block, time for rescue analgesia, degree of sedation, hemodynamic parameters, post operative analgesia and adverse effects were noted. Result: The two groups were comparable on the basis of duration of surgery, site of surgery, ASA and BMI. Heart rates and mean arterial pressure were compared and it was found to be significantly lower in group B compared to group A until initial 5 hours. In our study we found that the visual analogue score at rest and on coughing between groups A and B was statistically insignificant. However, the time to first rescue analgesia (330 mins vs 240 mins) and total analgsic consumption in the 24 hours period post operatively was significantly lesser for group A compared to group B. Ramsey sedation score was significantly higher in group B compared to group A until 8 hourspost operatively. Nausea and vomiting in 3 cases of group A , and 2 cases in group B. No other significant side effects were noted. Conclusion: USG-guided TAP block is an effective and safe adjunct for postoperative analgesia in infra umblical surgeries. Addition of dexamethasone as an adjuvant prolongs the duration and reduces post-operative analgesic requirement in patients significantly more than dexmedetomidine whereas dexamethasone provides better control of the heart rate and mean arterial pressure.

Parametric Study of Polyethylene Primary Decomposition Using a Micropyrolyzer Coupled with Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Parametric Study of Polyethylene Primary Decomposition Using a Micropyrolyzer Coupled with Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Energy harvest on TSUSUCA DOLPHIN under irregular waves: Experimental studies

Finding sustainable and infinite green energy options in a world that relies primarily on fossil fuels is crucial as traditional sources decline. Wave energy is an excellent example of an environmentally friendly power source. A multi-utility bio-inspired floating device consisting of two TSUSUCA (TSUnami Protection Solar Utilization and other Coastal Applications) Dolphin-shaped bodies integrated with a linear motion electricity generator (LMEG) connected to a rigid deck by a hinged connection is tested experimentally under irregular waves. This novel and innovative multi-utility floating offshore device can function as a tsunami barrier and a wave energy extraction device. Its performance and operating mechanism are investigated under 8 different sets of irregular waves. The examined sea states are represented by JONSWAP and PM wave spectra with a range of significant wave heights (0.05–0.20 m) and peak periods (1.5 and 2.0 s). The experimental results show that the overall electrical power efficiency of LMEG coupled to each Dolphin obtained for set 6 is 32.04 % and 30.81 % for both JONSWAP and PM spectrums, respectively. This bio-inspired device and its performance confirms the proof-of-concept while the presented study shall become a prime factor towards the development of more similar devices to harness wave energy.

A post-quantum secure PUF based cross-domain authentication mechanism for Internet of drones

With the increasing prevalence of drones, guaranteeing their authentication and secure communication has become paramount in drone networks to mitigate unauthorized access and malicious attacks. Cross-domain authentication is crucial in the context of the Internet of Drones (IoD) for safely verifying and establishing trust between diverse drones and their respective control stations, which may belong to different regions or organizations. Effectively accessing resources or services in another domain while maintaining security and efficiency poses a significant challenge. Conventional authentication mechanisms relying on challenging problems like discrete logarithm and integer factorization might not be sufficient to guarantee the security and effectiveness of drone-based systems in the post-quantum era. To address this, we propose a distributed post-quantum cryptography and Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) based cross-domain authentication protocol for IoD. Key contributions of this work include the elimination of secret key storage on drones, mutual authentication, emphasis on hardware security, incorporation of post-quantum security measures, efficient cross-domain authentication and resilience against cyber attacks such as eavesdropping, impersonation, replay attack, untraceability, and PUF-modeling attack. The performance of the proposed protocol is assessed utilizing metrics like processing time, communication cost and storage utilization. In operations associated to the blockchain ledger, variables such as latency, throughput, CPU utilization, and memory utilization are also examined. The protocol shows a reduced computation time and zero sensitive data storage in drone memory, despite a slightly higher communication cost that is manageable with 5G-enabled drones. Comparative analysis against existing solutions in the domain highlights the superior security of the proposed protocol, positioning it as a promising solution for the evolving quantum landscape.

So's conjecture for integral circulant graphs of 4 types

In [Discrete Mathematics 306 (2005) 153-158], So proposed a conjecture saying that integral circulant graphs with different connection sets have different spectra. This conjecture is still open. We prove that this conjecture holds for integral circulant graphs whose orders have prime factorization of 4 types.

Multiplicative arithmetic functions and the generalized Ewens measure

Random integers, sampled uniformly from [1, x], share similarities with random permutations, sampled uniformly from Sn. These similarities include the Erdős–Kac theorem on the distribution of the number of prime factors of a random integer, and Billingsley’s theorem on the largest prime factors of a random integer. In this paper we extend this analogy to non-uniform distributions.Given a multiplicative function α: ℕ → ℝ≥0, one may associate with it a measure on the integers in [1, x], where n is sampled with probability proportional to the value α(n). Analogously, given a sequence {θi}i≥1 of non-negative reals, one may associate with it a measure on Sn that assigns to a permutation a probability proportional to a product of weights over the cycles of the permutation. This measure is known as the generalized Ewens measure.We study the case where the mean value of α over primes tends to some positive θ, as well as the weights α(p) ≈ (log p)γ. In both cases, we obtain results in the integer setting which are in agreement with those in the permutation setting.

A lattice-based efficient certificateless public key encryption for big data security in clouds

With the advancement of technology and the development of digitization, big data has become an integral component of modern society. Due to the huge volume of big data, users generally upload data to the cloud for storage and computation. Because data in the cloud is beyond the control of users, it faces threats such as data security and personal privacy leakage. To address these concerns and achieve big data security and privacy protection in clouds, data encryption is crucial. Traditional public key encryption involves complex certificate management in a public key infrastructure (PKI). Although the identity-based encryption (IBE) scheme avoids the management of public key certificates, it has issues with key escrows and identity revocation. The certificateless public key encryption (CL-PKE) not only solves the key escrows problem in IBE, but also maintains its advantage of not requiring the use of certificate in PKI, making it suitable for the security protection of big data in clouds. However, most CL-PKE schemes are constructed based on large integer factorization and discrete logarithm problems, which cannot resist quantum computing attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient lattice-based CL-PKE scheme for big data security in clouds. In addition, the proposed scheme is extended to a lattice-based certificateless proxy re-encryption scheme, facilitating secure big data sharing in clouds. The proposed CL-PKE scheme can resist attacks from both internal and external adversaries, and has been proven to be IND-CPA secure under the learning with errors (LWE) assumption. Experiments have shown that the proposed CL-PKE scheme has lower computational and communication costs. The proposed lattice-based schemes can effectively provide post quantum security for the security and privacy protection of big data in clouds.

Resilience among Caregivers of the Pediatric Cancer Patients

Abstract Backgound: Studies portray that one in every nine Indians develops cancer during their lifetime. Admissions to the Pediatric Oncology departments are increasing like any other department. Cancer affects not only the patients but also their caregivers both physically and psychologically. Aims and Objectives: In this scenario, the study aims to understand the caregivers’ level of resilience and the associated risk and protective factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Kerala. Sixty caregivers of the children in the age group between 1-17 years, diagnosed with cancer were selected for the study. Mexican Resilience Scale and self-prepared interview schedule were used to collect the quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected using an in-depth interview guide. Results: The study found that the majority of the respondents are moderately resilient, with men exhibiting higher resilience than women. The prime factors contributing to resilience were identified as strength and self-confidence, social competence, family support, social support, and structure. The study further identified individual factors (flexibility, emotional stability, etc.), familial factors (positive family environment), and community factors (support from NGOs and support groups, etc.) as protective factors contributing to resilience. Additionally, the study revealed how individual (lack of emotional stability, introverted nature, etc.), familial (relationship issues), and community (social perceptions about the disease) levels of risk factors impact resilience. Conclusion: The importance of strengthening the support systems around the caregivers and importance of oncology social worker to deal with the psychosocial issues of patients and caregivers are also discussed in this paper.

Performance Analysis of Non-Realistic Routing Protocol using Random Waypoint Model in MANET

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes connected via wireless networks and has no set structure. MANETs feature a self-organized routing topology in which mobile nodes are free to move, making it difficult and crucial to construct a stable and reliable network. Thus, failure of the route is also regarded as a prime factor affecting the efficiency of any MANET routing protocol. The breaking of the connection between two routes or more nodes will cause the failure of the route specifically in the non-realistic routing protocol. In a network of mobile nodes, the link break is mainly based on the mobility of individual nodes. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the performance of proactive DSDV and reactive AODV routing protocol using the Random Waypoint(RWP) mobility model in MANET. NS-2 network simulator is used to simulate the MANET environment and BonnMotion is to create a movement of mobile nodes that integrate with the routing protocol. The network performance metrics used are throughput, packet delivery ratio, and average end-to-end delay. In addition, three simulation scenarios have been conducted to compare AODV and DSDV routing protocols with varying numbers of nodes, a comparison of AODV and DSDV routing protocols with varying pause time, and a comparison of AODV and DSDV routing protocols with varying mobility speed. The result from the three scenarios analysed and concluded that the RWP mobility model with AODV gives a better performance of throughput with 869.69 kbps and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) with 83.00% meanwhile, RWP with DSDV is better for the average end-to-end delay(EED) with 212.970 bps.

A quantum-secure certificateless aggregate signature protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have revolutionized communication between vehicles and infrastructure, notably enhancing traffic management and passenger safety. However, VANETs are vulnerable to security threats, especially regarding data authenticity. Aggregate signature is a powerful technique that reduces computational and communication burdens by aggregating multiple signatures from different signers into a single signature. Traditional aggregate signature schemes, based on large prime number decomposition and the discrete logarithm problem, cannot effectively resist quantum attacks. This paper introduces a novel quantum secure certificateless aggregate signature (QSCLAS) scheme designed to enhance data security and privacy in VANETs. Our proposed scheme employs the number theory research unit (NTRU) algorithm. As a lattice-based cryptographic algorithm, NTRU is renowned for its security against quantum computer attacks, making it an essential component of our quantum-secure solution. By eliminating the need for expensive bilinear pairing operations, our proposed scheme achieves high efficiency and practicality in resource-limited VANETs environments. The security analysis demonstrates our scheme's resilience against both Type-I and Type-II adversaries in the random oracle model under the small integer solution (SIS) problem on the NTRU lattice. Furthermore, compared with existing approaches, the results illustrate that our proposed scheme offers significant advantages in signature generation and verification cost, as well as lower transmission overhead than other lattice-based schemes, thereby making it highly suitable for VANETs environments.

Post‐quantum attack resilience blockchain‐assisted data authentication protocol for smart healthcare system

AbstractThe smart healthcare system (SHS), a significant medical domain underpinning the Internet of Things (IoT), which collects and analyzes health data from many sources to provide better medical treatment. The smart healthcare system is a combination of hardware and software used in the medical care field, providing remote diagnosis and treatment via a patient‐based health data‐sharing system. To increase security, a large variety of authenticated techniques have been developed over the past several decades, most of which are based on conventional number‐theoretic assumptions such as discrete logarithms and integer factorization problems. However, Shor's method is capable of solving number‐theory‐based problems. As a result, Shor's technique might be used to resolve challenging number theory problems on a quantum computer effectively. Therefore, this article presents blockchain‐based healthcare record solutions with lattice RLWE‐based key exchange protocol using a smart card. Blockchain applications may correctly detect errors, including those that are risky, in the medical industry. It can also improve the efficiency, security, and transparency of transferring medical data throughout the healthcare protocol. The formal security of this protocol is shown under the ROM (random oracle model), and the informal security is also given in this article against well‐known attacks. The presented protocol outperforms related earlier mechanisms in terms of communication and computational cost overheads, according to the performance study.