Primavera P6 Research Articles

Leveraging Technology to Improve and Streamline Operations in the African Construction Sector: A Case-Based Approach

The advent of innovation in tools, materials and techniques has transformed the planning, management and execution of construction projects. Globally, the construction sector has been embracing digital technologies to enhance efficiency, reduce cost and ensure sustainability to overcome challenges and meet evolving demands in the industry. Using a case-based approach, this study shows instances from South Africa of how the construction process is being revolutionised through the deployment of cutting-edge technologies to improve and streamline operations. The approach provides an introductory background on how technology has affected construction with an extensive literature review providing clarifications and insights on construction activities, processes and key technological advancements, in addition to highlighting their importance. Findings from the cases revealed that the projects deployed one or more forms of project management software, such as RIB Software, Autodesk Revit, Primavera P6, Microsoft Project, Procore, and Aconex. It was further found that these deployments enhanced collaboration and communication, improved design coordination and clash detection, and enabled efficient resource allocation and project planning among stakeholders. The study concludes that construction activities play a key role in economic development. Sustainable construction practices would require the adoption and implementation of state-of-the-art technological solutions in the 4th Industrial Revolution that will aid the totality of construction management processes. As evidenced in the various projects, the effectiveness of construction management software in streamlining the construction process is a testament to the critical role of technological advancement as a driver of sustainability.

Time and Cost Optimization Analysis of Reservoir Building Work in Wosusokas Regional SPAM Project using Time Cost Trade Off Method

Cost and time optimization is an important aspect of project management that aims to achieve optimal efficiency in the use of resources. Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method is often used to manage the relationship between time and cost in project completion. This research analyzes cost and time op-timization on construction projects using Primavera P6 software. In optimi-zation with the addition of working hours, 4 alternatives were carried out, namely the addition of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours of work, the re-sults obtained were a shorter duration but the total cost was getting bigger. Whereas in the alternative of adding workers as many as 1 worker and 2 workers, the optimization results obtained a shorter duration and a reduced total cost. Thus, the TCTO method and the use of Primavera P6 proved ef-fective in identifying the most efficient optimization strategy to achieve pro-ject success on time and within budget.

Integrating building information modelling (BIM) and extended reality (XR) in the transportation infrastructure industry

Although building information modelling (BIM) has been widely used in the building industry, its usage in infrastructure projects such as bridges has been very challenging. Extended Reality (XR) that simulates a construction project is still considered a new technology in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. This paper investigates the viability of integrating both BIM and XR technologies into transportation infrastructure projects. A fully integrated workflow for introducing different XR, Augmented Reality (AR), and Virtual Reality (VR), and BIM technologies using different software for a case study of El-Merghani bridge, a reinforced concrete girder type bridge, was developed. The models for the bridge included GIS integration and geometric road design according to AASHTO, documentation, shop drawings and quantification were developed for the bridge. A hypothetical time schedule was generated in Oracle Primavera P6 elevating the BIM model to 4-D and developing VR and AR virtual experiences with the capability to investigate, visualize, and present the model in a virtual environment, at a high level of immersion. Additionally, the associated risk reduction for the considered XR technology was assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The workflow and the detailed 3D models developed for the bridge along with the highly immersive VR and AR experiences have provided an interactive platform for engineers and different stakeholders to monitor the project during the design and construction phases. The risk analysis showed that significant cost savings can be achieved with the utilization of VR and AR technology in bridges construction.

Impact of effective schedule management on high-rise building projects

Effective schedule management is a critical factor in the successful execution of high-rise building projects. This paper explores the impact of robust schedule management practices on project performance, highlighting the benefits, challenges, and strategies for optimizing timelines. High-rise construction presents unique complexities, including coordination of multiple trades, strict safety regulations, and logistical challenges related to vertical construction. Utilizing advanced scheduling methodologies such as Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) and Building Information Modeling (BIM), combined with traditional techniques like the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), can significantly enhance project efficiency. The integration of these methodologies facilitates better resource allocation, reduces delays, and improves overall project outcomes. The study also addresses the role of technology, including project management software like Primavera P6, in enhancing schedule accuracy and reliability. Additionally, it examines the critical role of project managers in orchestrating these activities and emphasizes the importance of effective communication and risk management. This comprehensive review provides insights into the key factors that contribute to successful schedule management, offering recommendations for future research and practice to further advance the field. Keywords: Building Information Modeling (BIM), Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM), High-Rise Building Projects, Project Performance Optimization, Schedule Management.

Cost and Duration Optimization at Building C of Dharmais Cancer Hospital Jakarta with TCTO Method Using Primavera P6 Analysis

Cost and Duration Optimization at Building C of Dharmais Cancer Hospital Jakarta with TCTO Method Using Primavera P6 Analysis

Construction Planning and Scheduling of Residential Buildings Using Primavera

Abstract: For the successful completion of a project, planning and scheduling are two most important factors. The demand of the construction industry requires precise planning, scheduling, and management which can allow the overall optimization of cost, time, and resources. Due to the increase in workloads and shrinking resources public work department found new technology that helps to manage the project easily. Project management software is used as a tool for managing and organizing work which helps industries to grow rapidly. There are so many computer software are available in market now a days which is such as MSP, Primavera p6,etc…for doing project management. With the help for these software proper planning and controlling of project can be done. Primavera can easily compare the planned progress of construction work and the actual progress of the construction project. Project management software Primavera P6, includes collecting, recording, monitoring, controlling, and reporting information concerning project performance. In this study, project controlling and monitoring can be done and the causes of delays can be found.

Mitigating Co-Activity Conflicts and Resource Overallocation in Construction Projects: A Modular Heuristic Scheduling Approach with Primavera P6 EPPM Integration

This paper proposes a heuristic approach for managing complex construction projects. The tool incorporates Primavera P6 EPPM and Synchro 4D, enabling proactive clash detection and resolution of spatial conflicts during concurrent tasks. Additionally, it performs resource verification for sufficient allocation before task initiation. This integrated approach facilitates the generation of conflict-free and feasible construction schedules. By adhering to project constraints and seamlessly integrating with existing industry tools, the proposed solution offers a comprehensive and robust approach to construction project management. This constitutes, to our knowledge, the first dynamic digital twin for the delivery of a complex project.

Cost Overrun and Delays in Construction Management by Using Primavera

Abstract: Project management is the practice of organizing, planning, carrying out, overseeing, and wrapping up a team's work in order to accomplish particular objectives and satisfy particular success criteria within a given time frame. Each project is unique, and managing it is necessary to meet the project's need for increased productivity. Notwithstanding the centuries-long evolution of the construction industry and the decades-long quest for novel solutions by researchers, a variety of obstacles still need to be overcome in order to improve the speed, safety, affordability, and accuracy of the construction process. Utilizing a program called Prima Vera p6, which is a tool for project planning and progress tracking, the study focuses on an ongoing residential building construction project (G+5) . This project is a G+5 storey residential building with a rectangular shape RCC framed construction with a total size of 1391 Sq. Mtr. And the floor height is 3m. We used Primavera to calculate project quantities, schedule, and estimate the project. We created a Gantt chart and a network diagram for this project and completed it in a timely and cost-effective manner. It gathers all relevant data from the relevant agencies and closely monitors the work processes. Through our work on it, we have learned a great deal about the challenges that businesses encounter on a daily basis. Though every project is unique, as I've already shown, we may learn from our mistakes and prevent them in future endeavors. Using Primavera P6, a project management tool, a comparison of the original and actual time and cost is conducted in this study. The project monitoring process itself might not be completed effectively even with well-established planning and policies.

Практическое использование многоуровневой модели планирования как метода управления жизненным циклом проекта строительства

The article raises the problem of the necessity of systematization and practical use of multilevel planning model as a method of construction project life cycle management. The general approach to the formation of the model is defined, the levels of the model, the main stakeholders, and the ways of decomposition and integration of plans of different levels are identified, and a template for the practical use of the multilevel model is developed. The resulting model is a template of three levels of planning and several interrelated projects carried out in Primavera P6 Professional. The used model allows unifying the planning process and reducing the number of scheduling schedules. The template solution reduces the number of communication links between stakeholders involved in project management processes and improves the efficiency of management decision-making

A Comparative Study of Time and Cost Optimization in Project Management: Primavera P6 & Linear Programming with Lingo Solver

In an effort to boost efficiency and reduce costs, computer-based solutions have become more popular for project management. Although Primavera P6 and other traditional tools have proved essential for project planning and control, difficulties still arise with complicated projects. An innovative approach is provided by the development of mathematical optimization techniques, especially Linear Programming (LP) with programmes like Lingo Solver. The purpose of this study is to compare the time and cost optimization of Primavera P6 and Lingo Solver's LP. The goals are to analyse the advantages and disadvantages, evaluate the effectiveness and adaptability, and offer useful information to decision-makers. Application of Lingo Solver's LP is found to significantly reduce project duration, with a significant impact on cost trends. On the other hand, Primavera P6 shows that project duration can be reduced while maintaining the same level of cost. The study highlights how the duration of the project, additional indirect expenses, and costs interplay dynamically throughout the duration of the project. This research provides useful insights to the continuing discussion on project management methodologies by bridging the gap between conventional project management tools and advanced optimization techniques. This will help decision-makers overcome the complexities of project optimization for optimal results in practical applications. Key Words: Optimization, Construction project, Linear programming, Primavera p6, Lingo, Project management, Mathematical model, Time-cost trade-off.

A framework for smart construction contracts using BIM and blockchain

Poor payment practices are perceived as one of the biggest challenges facing the construction industry. Since payments are issued according to project contract terms, the project’s cash flow is inherently affected by the contract and how parties fulfill their obligations. This research proposes a framework for payment automation in construction projects to achieve smart construction contracts. Payments are automatically issued upon satisfying contract conditions using blockchain. Cryptocurrency is proposed to be utilized in the framework to execute the contract terms with no need for a third party to process project payments. 5D BIM is used to model the geometry of buildings and visualize project progress together with payment status using Autodesk Revit, Navisworks, and Primavera P6. The developed framework has the potential to reduce the consequences of poor payments. An actual case study for a construction project in Cairo, Egypt is worked out to demonstrate the main features of the proposed framework. The results of the case study reveal that project cash flow is secured and payments are instantly issued. Moreover, electronic records of payments are kept on the blockchain.

Monitoring and Sceduling of a Bridge Using Primavera: A Review

The primary objective behind the research is to identify the job role of monitoring and controlling the project progress of construction and procure recourse allocation using management tools such as primavera P6. This was accomplished through revising the literature and procedures used in monitoring and control. The study served as a roadmap for analysing construction progress and identifying specific issues that arose during the process. The findings of the study revealed the shortcomings of the current project management system in project execution. A new project management plan is completed that is both efficient and cost-effective. By allocating more resources to project activities, the time cost trade of the project duration can be lowered. However, doing so raises the project's cost. For scheduling a set of project tasks, the critical route method is employed. Primavera software was also used for resource analysis. In this paper presents review of literature related to planning, scheduling of construction project KeyWord: Resource allocation, Resource Levelling, Time cost trade off, primavera, planning and scheduling.

Scheduling of a School Project Considering Risk Analysis Utilizing Project Management Tool Primavera P6

Implementation of construction project needs a proper planning and scheduling is of vital importance for the project to be executed and run smoothly. A best schedule has to be prepared in such a way that meets the primary objectives of the total project. Those essential destinations are to make a quality venture, finished on time, inside spending plan, and in a sheltered workplace. Consequently, in this investigation a progressing development venture is taken and the execution of the undertaking is contrasted and the calendar with the assistance of Primavera. An ongoing project of Government school at singarcholi, Lalghati Bhopal M.P. is selected and the activities pertaining to the preconstruction, substructure and superstructure is considered for comparison considering risk analysis of seismic hazard and steps to overcome the progress of project using management tool. From the study, it is concluded that with the help of management tool like primavera, one can manage the scheduling, resource allocation and also time-cost management in a proper and easy way. In this study we are saving indirect costs at site work also managing resources as per I.S. 7272.

Planning, scheduling, & allocation of resources for short-span bridge using Primavera P6

The paper states the advantages of web-based Primavera P6 for structural planning and scheduling Bridge building framing the problems and difficulties experienced in the construction schedule and resource availability. Only Bridge Design and Plannings taken for the project consideration. After the detail creation of Bill of Quantities of the proposed bridge. Here the Bridge consists of four spans only. Each Span is of 10.4 m length. Bridge is located at Yellareddy Tank Bund Portion, Nizamabad district (Hyderabad-Medak-Bodhan). The Resource Planning is the creation of Organization Breakdown Schedule (OBS) and Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) of the project and also to create Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS) and to insert the corresponding activities and schedule them on the basis of created calendar and need to level/smoothen the resources and make effective use of them. Organization Breakdown Schedule (OBS) and Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) of the project has been created Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS) and the corresponding activities are created and need to schedule their resources to activities on the basis of created calendar and need to level/smoothen the resources. Resource Scheduling involves the Scheduling of Project and Activity Network Diagram. Resource allocation enables you to allocate equipment, labor, and material expenditures to your timetable. The reports in Primavera P6 may be used to track resource allocation and potential over-allocation of labor resources.

Особливості управління проєктними витратами

The article defines the features of project cost management, provides examples of the use of project cost management tools. It is substantiated that understanding the peculiarities of project cost management is extremely important for project managers. It is proved that the use of modern project cost management tools is an important component of successful project implementation and achievement of goals. It has been established that it is necessary to carefully plan, monitor, and control costs at different stages of the project using modern tools and methods of resource management, namely Lean Six Sigma, Total Cost Management, Activity-Based Costing, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Value Management, Target Costing, etc., as well as using modern project digitalization programs (Microsoft Project, GanttProject, Primavera P6, Asana, Trello, etc.) that can be used to manage project costs, which allows you to effectively control and monitor project costs. The article provides examples of mistakes that can lead to an incorrect estimate of the project cost, which can lead to budget overruns, delays in the project schedule, and failure to achieve project goals. The article establishes that the main mistakes in planning the project budget may include: insufficient research of the factors of influence and forecasting shortcomings may lead to an incorrect assessment of the total project costs (some factors may not be taken into account, such as changes in market prices, changes in exchange rates, cost of resources, inflation, failure to take into account possible changes in technology, other factors and risks, such as changes in the timing, scope of the project); insufficient attention to cost minimisation opportunities (possibly not taking into account cost savings opportunities, such as the use of more efficient technologies or reduced material costs); underestimation of difficulties and possible changes (insufficient resource capacity, team qualifications or difficulties in collecting data, not taking into account changes in the market or technology, resistance to change) and other factors. It is proved that the use of modern project cost management tools will increase the efficiency of cost management and achieve success in project implementation.

Resource Allocation, Scheduling and Planning of a Multi Storeyed Residential Building

For the purpose of minimising and managing project delays, effective planning and scheduling are essential elements of construction projects. Globalisation has led to an increase in the scale and complexity of construction projects. With the help of project management software, the quantity of paperwork and time required for such initiatives can be reduced. A warning system must be accessible throughout the project to alert the organisation to potential achievements and failures. Today's market offers a variety of computer software applications for project management, including MSP, Primavera P6, and others. Primavera has made it simple to assess the real progress of a construction project to the expected pace of the task. The project management tool Primavera P6 gathers, documents, monitors, regulates, and publishes data on project performance. Planning, allocating, and scheduling resources for a G+4 residential development are all part of this project. This study highlights the value of scheduling and interferes with the software by working on a construction project for a commercial building. This paper effectively demonstrates all the crucial steps, such as generating an EPS, developing a WBS, connecting tasks in accordance with their dependency and resource availability, and determining the Critical Path.

A Scheduling Model in Capturing Methane Gas from Methane Clathrates Deposits

The execution of any project type, especially engineering-based projects, is usually time-based, efficiency-driven, and cost-effective. These factors are the deterministic parameters that engineer successful project completion. The application of scheduling models remains the best technique for achieving these three factors to their best degrees. Therefore, this study was centered on the impact study of applying the scheduling model in harvesting methane gas from methane clathrates deposits. Various data on gas hydrate reserves in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria were collected from relevant literature, studied, and analyzed. Such data includes the pictorial representation and description of the gas hydrate site in the Niger Delta region of Africa and various shapes and sizes of gas hydrate perimeters in the studied region positions of the gas reserves. The normal faults are projected on a bathymetric map of the study area and the bathymetric map of the Pockmark (with the stippled black line indicating the sea floor projection of a prominent N-S trending fracture in 3-D seismic data). As a type of scheduling model, the critical path method (CPM) was applied to develop the project’s work sequence using the activity on node (AON) architectural technique and Primavera P6 software after carefully identifying the primary operations involved in the project and their respective sub-operations or work breakdown structure (WBS). The risks associated with each operation were meticulously identified, with their consequent impact and exposure matrix determined using probabilistic measures of 1-5 according to the degree of the risk. Mitigation strategies were recommended for all the identified risks. The cost benefits of the project were X-rayed using parameters such as net present value (NPV), project payback time, internal rate of return (IRR), and net cumulative cash flow. From the results obtained, the CPM schedule showed that the project execution would last approximately ten months. All the operations involved in the project execution plan were all critical, proving that each activity should be completed within the scheduled run period. Else, the entire project would be affected. Also, risks with a high exposure matrix of 25, 12, and 4 were mitigated to 5, 3, and 0 using the recommended strategies. In addition, the project yielded an NPV of $20,736,951.04for the run period of 22 years after the execution of the project, IRR of 14%, and a payback time of 8 years (adding 2023 – the year of project execution) provided the daily production rate is maintained within 60,000-65,000MSCF/day. If the daily production rate increases, the cash flow and payback time will decrease. Therefore, the application of CPM in extracting methane gas from gas hydrates positively affected the operation through the vivid insights provided in workflow pattern/methodology risks effects and cost benefits.

Effective Scheduling and Time Management of Dhamra Railway Project Using Primavera P6

Indian construction industry is growing quickly and huge development projects are going on. Most certainly it’s justifiably or in a roundabout way connected with the Indian economy, the speed with which projects complete have appeared to influence the GDP of the country. Appropriate scheduling and planning are substantial in construction projects for decreasing and controlling postponements of the project, while an error in the same causes squandering of a significant quantity of time, capital, resources, and quality. Despite firm principles and policies, the monitoring process may be inefficient because of the practical problems prevailing or rising in the project. An attempt has been made in realizing the practical problems in project execution will contribute to proper recognition of the problem areas and implementing mitigation. The main objectives of this study are to plan, schedule, monitor, and control a railway infrastructure i.e. Dhamra Railway Project, Orissa, India with the help of Oracle Primavera P6 software. The review of various research articles has been performed and twenty-five factors from nine categories are shortlisted for the study and the time factor is considered for analysis. Thereafter, critical time analysis of the project has been performed, listing project activities with duration, their logical relationships, scheduling, and network updating considering factors from the nine categories. The main challenges leading to delays are climate, government approvals, material availability, and the remote project location. Further, project crashing is done by provision of additional labour resources to critical activities and observation can be made that a raise of 21% of labour resources would offer a reduction of 17% of the activity completion time, this trend doesn’t imply that surging the resources directly reduces duration, it will reduce duration but up to the minimum fundamental duration required only.

Increasing the potential application of Microsoft project and Primavera P6 for project management: A comparative analysis of the residential project

Change during the management of construction projects has been observed due to raised complexities, changes in work orders, change in client requirements and much more sudden and natural reasons. A large number of paperwork is required for planning and scheduling work, which complicates project management. There are lots of software related to planning, scheduling, controlling, and project management in the market to make complicated manual work easier. The current study emphasizes on application of Primavera P6 and Microsoft Project (MSP) for project handling and management. Complexities during the life cycle of the project have been observed, starting from pre-construction planning to schedule the activity sequence, defining labour duties, selecting of construction methods, and assigning resources and responsibilities to the players involved in the work. In this research, A case study of a residential project has been chosen. The costing and scheduling of the project were calculated by using primavera P6 and Microsoft Project. After a detailed study and comparative analysis of scheduling and cost with Primavera P6 and Microsoft Project show very minor differences. The total Project duration in MSP is 93 days and in primavera 87 days. Similarly, after cost comparison analysis by using both techniques, the result shows that using MSP total project cost was 13,34,345 Rs. and in primavera 13,82,573 Rs. After observing the detailed tools of both the software it can be concluded that there is not much difference between both the software parameters. But the application of MSP is much user friendly compared to Primavera. And in countries like India still the application of software base project handling is done for larger construction projects only. For smaller works project managers still limit the use of various software. Both software has some different features for different types of project management-related tasks. This research aims to highlight the positive insights of both tools for the projects. The findings of this research also showcase that for small, medium, and large scale construction requirements of software tool changes and so its effectiveness also.

Using Large Peer-Teaching Groups to Learn Construction Management Software Packages

ABSTRACT Two large peer-teaching groups were developed in a construction management course in order to self-learn and then subsequently teach two separate construction management software packages. One half of the class was asked to learn and teach Microsoft Project and the other was asked to learn and teach Primavera P6, which are very similar scheduling packages. Milestone deliverables were due throughout the semester, with a final presentation near the end of the 16-week semester. This intervention took place a total of five times and one addition control semester in which the instructor taught both packages in a traditional manner for comparison. Within each peer-teaching group, the teams were asked to nominate a leader and co-leader, who would be responsible for assigning responsibilities to the team and to facilitate learning. This methodology allowed for two layers of peer-teaching; one within the peer-teaching group, and the other from the peer-teaching group to the remaining students. The intervention was validated through in-course questionnaires, and homework, quiz, and exam grade comparisons from the student-led lecture versus the instructor-led lecture. The surveys indicated a preference to the peer-teaching and student-led learning, over instructor-led learning. The grade comparison demonstrated an average 13.2 percentage point improvement.