Primary Teeth Research Articles

Surface Prereacted Glass Ionomer Varnish as a Multifaceted Anticaries Agent: Investigating its Inhibitory Effects on Demineralization and Biofilm Formation on Primary Tooth Enamel

Surface Prereacted Glass Ionomer Varnish as a Multifaceted Anticaries Agent: Investigating its Inhibitory Effects on Demineralization and Biofilm Formation on Primary Tooth Enamel

Global prevalence of teething problems in infants and children-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Eruption of primary teeth is associated with local and systemic manifestations. Understanding the global prevalence is necessary to formulate the standard guidelines for management. To evaluate the global prevalence of problems associated with teething in infants and children aged 0-36 months. PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched on May 31, 2023, and it was updated on January 31, 2024. Gray literature and reference search were performed. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies done in hospital or community settings, reporting the prevalence of signs and symptoms during the eruption of primary teeth in infants aged 0-36 months, were included. Two reviewers extracted data using a pre-piloted sheet. Data were analyzed and pooled by using random-effects meta-analyses. Twenty-five studies were included. The global prevalence of teething problems was 80.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.8-89.9). The most common local symptom was increased biting (65.9%, 95% CI 37.5-89.3), and irritability (60.7%, 95% CI 50.6-70.3) was the most common general symptom. The pooled prevalence of teething problems was estimated to be 80%. There was a variability in the prevalence of teething problems based on geographic location.

Does body surface area of children affect the oral health?

To evaluate relationship between oral health and body surface area among children. The observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February /2022 after approval from the ethics review committee of the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised children of either gender aged 6-8 years who were randomly selected from primary schools in the city. Body surface area was calculated geometrically using different formulas, and the DuBois formula was used to make the intervals. The estimated body surface area values were broadly divided into four intervals: 0.8-0.9, >0.9-1.0, >1.0-1.1, >1.1. Dental caries was examined using the World Health Organisation criteria related to decayed, missed and filled teeth and surfaces for primary and permanent teeth. Dental plaque and gingival health status were measured using plaque and gingival indices. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. There were 240 subjects. There was no significant difference in terms of mean body surface area intervals of decayed, missed and filled teeth and surfaces for primary and permanent teeth (p>0.05). The mean values of gingival index showed significant differences across body surface area intervals (p<0.05). Mean plaque index values showed no significant differences (p>0.05). No relationship between body surface area and caries experience of primary and permanent teeth was found. However, increasing the body surface area increased gingival inflammation.

Shear bond strength of a composite resin restoration in primary teeth following cavity preparation using laser- an in-vitro study.

To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of composite resin restorations in primary teeth, following cavity preparation with both traditional dental burs and laser irradiation. One hundred primary molars extracted from the children visiting our department were collected and randomly divided into five groups (A-E) with 20 teeth in each group. In groups A, B, C, D, and E the teeth samples were etched with phosphoric acid, Er; YAG laser followed by acid etching, Er, Cr: YSGG laser followed by acid etching, Er; YAG laser etching only and Er, Cr: YSGG laser etching only, respectively. Following, all the samples were restored with composite resin and subjected to 500 cycles of thermocycling. The shear bond strength of the resin composite was analyzed. The type of fractures was also noted. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The mean value of shear bond strength of Group A, B, C, D, and E was 17.562 ± 0.810, 15.928 ± 0.415, 14.964 ± 0.566, 11.833 ± 0.533 and 11.187 ± 0.517, respectively. Adhesive failure was most commonly seen in all the groups. The phosphoric acid etching remains a highly effective technique for pre-treating dentin in composite resin restorations. The shear strength of composite resin to the dentin of laser-prepared cavity in primary teeth can be improved by the addition of acid etching.

EDA Variants Are Responsible for Approximately 90% of Deciduous Tooth Agenesis

Deciduous tooth agenesis is a severe craniofacial developmental defect because it affects masticatory function from infancy and may result in delayed growth and development. Here, we aimed to identify the crucial pathogenic genes and clinical features of patients with deciduous tooth agenesis. We recruited 84 patients with severe deciduous tooth agenesis. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the causative variants. Phenotype–genotype correlation analysis was conducted. We identified 54 different variants in 8 genes in 84 patients, including EDA (73, 86.9%), PAX9 (2, 2.4%), LRP6 (2, 2.4%), MSX1 (2, 2.4%), BMP4 (1, 1.2%), WNT10A (1, 1.2%), PITX2 (1, 1.2%), and EDARADD (1, 1.2%). Variants in ectodysplasin A (EDA) accounted for 86.9% of patients with deciduous tooth agenesis. Patients with the EDA variants had an average of 15.4 missing deciduous teeth. Mandibular deciduous central incisors had the highest missing rate (100%), followed by maxillary deciduous lateral incisors (98.8%) and mandibular deciduous lateral incisors (97.7%). Our results indicated that EDA gene variants are major pathogenic factors for deciduous tooth agenesis, and EDA is specifically required for deciduous tooth development. The results provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of deciduous tooth agenesis.

Integrative approach for supernumerary teeth: a single-center retrospective analysis.

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive case analysis from a single center, with the objective of clarifying the optimal timing and recommendations for a preferred treatment strategy customized to the specific presentation of each type of supernumerary tooth identified in the research. A retrospective study was conducted on patients who presented with a supernumerary tooth and were treated interdisciplinarily at the clinic. In total, 55 patients with 81 supernumerary teeth of the permanent dentition were analyzed, 30 males and 25 females. The dentition status of the patients was as follows: 31 patients with mixed dentition, no patients with primary dentition, and 24 patients with permanent dentition. The diagnosis of supernumerary tooth was primarily made by general or pediatric dental practitioners and/or orthodontists. Patients were then referred to maxillofacial surgeons for treatment decision. The timing of treatment was mainly determined by the oral surgeon, based on the recommendations of the other specialists involved. Cases involving maleruption or malalignment of permanent teeth required both surgical and orthodontic treatment. Patients over 9 years old were treated either under local anesthesia or sedation, whereas those under 9 years old were treated under deep sedation or general anesthesia. A comprehensive investigation of cases involved the utilization of CBCT at the supernumerary tooth site to facilitate treatment planning. There was a significant correlation between younger age and the preference for treatment under sedation or general anesthesia (P &#61; .01, t test). Similarly, a strong association was found between younger age and the need for additional orthodontic treatment (P &#61; .016, t test). Cases of surgical removal of a supernumerary tooth at a young age typically did not require orthodontic traction of the permanent tooth, in contrast to cases of late surgical intervention (patients over 11 years old), which often did necessitate such traction. There was a strong tendency for treating supernumerary teeth in the maxilla. The proximity of supernumerary teeth to vital anatomical landmarks significantly influenced treatment decisions. Patients with supernumerary teeth near the mental foramen or the inferior dental canal in the premolar area were exclusively placed under follow-up care (P &#61; .002, Pearson chi-square test). However, in the maxilla, the proximity of supernumerary teeth to vital structures such as the floor of the nose and the incisive nerve did not affect the treatment approach, and those supernumerary teeth were mostly removed. A team approach for managing supernumerary teeth is recommended. The timing of treatment should carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of early versus late intervention. Early surgical treatment in cases where eruption is disturbed might result in spontaneous eruption, eliminating the need for orthodontic traction of the permanent teeth.

Assessment of overall caries risk and mode of birth delivery in infants and children with and without ECC: a cross-sectional study.

The study assessed the caries risk in infants and children with and without early childhood caries (ECC) using American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Caries Risk Assessment Tool (AAPD CRAT) and identified the association between caries risk and mode of birth delivery. This cross-sectional study included 96infants and childrenwith all maxillary and mandibular primary anterior teeth and at least two primary molars erupted clinically in the oral cavity. The details on the mode of birth delivery were noted in a preformed template along with the demographic details, followed by caries risk assessment (CRA) to assess the caries risk of an individual. The outcome assessment for overall caries risk was performed for the ECC and non-ECC group and compared against the mode of birth delivery. Descriptive statistics were performed for all the study variables (gender, overall caries risk, mode of birth delivery, and term of delivery). The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables between the two groups (ECC and non-ECC groups). The high caries risk category contributed to 52.1% and 68.8% in the ECC and non-ECC groups, respectively. The prevalence of vaginal mode of delivery was 41.7% and 52.1% in the ECC and non-ECC groups, respectively. Caries risk increases with increasing age and the non-ECC group shows more risk (68.8%) than the ECC group. In comparison with the variables against the groups (ECC and non-ECC), Chi-square test revealed that only the term of delivery (p value = 0.035) and overall caries risk (p = 0.045) showed statistically significant difference. The proportion of high caries risk subjects was significantly more in the non-ECC groups. Children delivered by the C-section mode showed high caries risk (66.7%) when compared with the vaginal mode of delivery (53.3%). A validated CRAT for predicting caries risk is required.

A novel model of autologous tooth transplantation for the study of nerve recruitment

BackgroundLimited treatment options exist for damaged nerves and despite impressive advances in tissue engineering, scientists and clinicians have yet to fully replicate nerve development and recruitment. Innervation is a critical feature for normal organ function. While most organs are innervated prior to birth, a rare example of postnatal nerve recruitment occurs in the natural development of secondary teeth during adolescence. Many animals undergo postnatal shedding of deciduous teeth with development and eruption of secondary teeth, a process requiring recruitment of nerve and vasculature to each tooth pulp for viability. Here, the investigators created a novel model for the study of postnatal innervation by exploiting the natural phenomenon of tooth-driven nerve recruitment.MethodsThe investigators theorized that developing teeth possess a special capacity to induce innervation which could be harnessed in a clinical setting for nerve regeneration, and hyptothesized that a transplant model could be created to capture this phenomenon. In this descriptive study, a rat model of autologous tooth transplantation and de novo nerve recruitment was developed by surgically transferring whole developing molars to the autologous tibia.ResultsDownstream histological analysis performed 6 to 14 weeks after surgery demonstrated integration of molar into tibia in 81% of postoperative rats, with progressive pulpal expression of nerve marker ß-tubulin III suggestive of neuronal recruitment.ConclusionsThese findings provide a novel model for the study of organ transplantation and support the theory that developing dental tissues may retain nerve-inductive properties postnatally.

A retrospective study on the outcome of pulpotomy with iRoot BP plus in primary molars and its relationship with hemostasis time

BackgroundPulpotomy is a crucial method to preserve primary teeth until natural exfoliation. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy with iRoot BP Plus in primary molars and to explore the association between hemostasis time and these outcomes.MethodsPrimary molars that underwent iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy and were followed for at least 12 months were selected for this study. Clinical and radiographic data were collected, and the success rate was analyzed in relation to factors such as hemostasis time, tooth type, and arch type. The tests of significance used were the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, or Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsA total of 183 teeth in 106 patients were included in the analysis. The follow-up period fell into a range of 1–3 years, with a mean of 1.6 years. The clinical and radiographic success rates were 96.7% and 92.9%, respectively. The earliest time to observe the radiographic failures was half a year after the treatment, and the latest time was two years after the treatment. Among all the teeth, 130 were recorded with hemostasis time before the application of iRoot BP Plus. Compared to teeth with a hemostasis time of 5 min or less, teeth with a hemostasis time exceeding 5 min showed no significant differences in clinical and radiographic success (P = 1.000 and 0.879). Additionally, neither arch nor teeth type showed a relationship with the pulpotomy success rate (P > 0.05).ConclusionsPulpotomy using iRoot BP Plus in primary molars achieved favorable results. The hemostasis time may not significantly impact the outcomes of pulpotomy using iRoot BP Plus in primary molars.

Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement reinforced with three different concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles as against Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement in Primary Teeth.

Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement reinforced with three different concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles as against Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement in Primary Teeth.

SHED-CM: The Safety and Efficacy of Conditioned Media from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Stem Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. Advances in regenerative medicine have opened up new treatment options. The primary and exploratory objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-conditioned media (SHED-CM). Safety assessments included adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory test changes before and after administration, and efficacy was measured using the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), grip strength, and forced vital capacity in 24 patients with ALS treated at a single facility between 1 January 2022, and 30 November 2023. While ALSFRS-R scores typically decline over time, the progression rate in this cohort was slower, suggesting a potential delay in disease progression. Alternatively, improvements in muscle strength and mobility were observed in some patients. Although adverse events were reported in only 3% of cases (no serious allergic reactions), the treatment-induced changes in vital signs and laboratory results were not clinically significant. The SHED-CM treatment is a safe and potentially effective therapeutic option for patients with ALS. Further research is needed to optimize the SHED-CM treatment; however, this study lays the groundwork for future exploration of regenerative therapies for ALS.

Automated High-Throughput Biological Sex Identification from Archeological Human Dental Enamel Using Targeted Proteomics.

Biological sex is key information for archeological and forensic studies, which can be determined by proteomics. However, the lack of a standardized approach for fast and accurate sex identification currently limits the reach of proteomics applications. Here, we introduce a streamlined mass spectrometry (MS)-based workflow for the determination of biological sex using human dental enamel. Our approach builds on a minimally invasive sampling strategy by acid etching, a rapid online liquid chromatography (LC) gradient coupled to a high-resolution parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay allowing for a throughput of 200 samples per day (SPD) with high quantitative performance enabling confident identification of both males and females. Additionally, we developed a streamlined data analysis pipeline and integrated it into a Shiny interface for ease of use. The method was first developed and optimized using modern teeth and then validated in an independent set of deciduous teeth of known sex. Finally, the assay was successfully applied to archeological material, enabling the analysis of over 300 individuals. We demonstrate unprecedented performance and scalability, speeding up MS analysis by 10-fold compared to conventional proteomics-based sex identification methods. This work paves the way for large-scale archeological or forensic studies enabling the investigation of entire populations rather than focusing on individual high-profile specimens. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD049326.

Tooth Eruption Disorders: Literature Review and Clinical Case Reports

Introduction and purpose: Tooth eruption disorders are complex issues that can affect both primary and permanent teeth. The process of tooth eruption is a natural stage of development, but it can sometimes be disrupted. Common eruption disorders include delayed eruption, tooth impaction, premature eruption, and abnormalities in the location and direction of eruption. In each case, consultation with a specialist is required, along with early diagnosis and subsequent planning of appropriate treatment. State of knowledge: Impacted teeth are a common occurrence in dentistry and they occur in 0.8–3.6% of the general population The most frequently impacted teeth, in decreasing order of prevalence, are third molars, maxillary canines, mandibular premolars, and maxillary central incisors. Factors contributing to tooth impaction can be general, local, or genetic. Impacted teeth and difficulties with eruption may be associated with complications such as follicular cysts and a variant of these cysts known as eruption cysts. Summary: Tooth eruption disorders require an individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Depending on the issue, treatment may involve observation, orthodontic interventions, and in some cases, surgical procedures. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as malocclusion, damage to adjacent teeth, or unsatisfactory aesthetics. Radiographs can help confirm the presence of impacted teeth or in some cases, CBCT may be used for more detailed imaging.

Comparative evaluation of pediatric endodontic rotary file systems to bending and torsion tests: A finite element analysis

Background and objectiveThe introduction of Paediatric NiTi instruments has transformed the field of paediatric endodontics. However, no studies are available on the mechanical behaviour of these files, wherein Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was found to play a major role. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanical behavior of three commercially available pediatric endodontic rotary file systems to bending and torsion stress analysis test through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). MethodsA Finite Element Analysis study was performed on three commercially available pediatric endodontic rotary files (Pro AF baby, Kedo SG and Neoendo pedoflex) available for cleaning and shaping the narrow root canals of the deciduous teeth to bending and torsion tests with the boundary conditions according to ISO 3630-1 specifications. ResultsIn the bending analysis, Pro AF baby files were found to withstand the complete bending tests without yielding with a maximum von Mises stress of 1366 MPa, and Kedo SG, Neoendo Pedoflex file exhibited maximum von Mises stress of 2296 MPa, 1971 MPa. Under torsion tests Kedo SG exhibited maximum stress distribution, while Neoendo Pedoflex and Pro AF baby files exhibited similar stress distribution. ConclusionPro AF baby file effectively withstood the rigorous 45 -degree bending examination without experiencing yielding, while Kedo SG file exhibited higher flexibility. Under torsional resistance test, all the three instruments exhibited similar stress distribution under the yield limit. In summary, the mechanical behaviour (bending and torsion) of pediatric rotary file systems were influenced by design of the files.

Risk of Healing Complications Following Alveolar Process Fractures in the Primary Dentition: A Retrospective Clinical Cohort Study.

Alveolar bone process fractures in preschool children are not well documented in the literature. Alveolar process fractures are located very close to primary teeth and permanent tooth germs. This study investigates the risk of healing complications following alveolar process fractures in the primary dentition and potential sequelae in the permanent dentition. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 21 patients with 49 primary teeth involved in an alveolar fracture. The follow-up protocol included clinical and radiographic examinations at specified intervals up to the age of 6 years. Healing complications in the primary teeth such as pulp necrosis, pulp canal obliteration, ankylosis, infection-related resorption and premature tooth loss were examined. Sequelae in the permanent dentition was also registered when the permanent incisors had erupted. Over a 3-year follow-up, the incidence of premature tooth loss was 51.2% [95% CI: 34.1%-68.4%], pulp canal obliteration was 42.5% [95% CI: 27.1%-57.8%], and pulp necrosis was 8.9% [95% CI: 0.6%-17.3%] following an alveolar process fracture. No cases of ankylosis were observed. Sequelae in the permanent dentition primarily included demarcated opacities and hypoplasia with a risk estimated at 24% [95% CI: 13%-39%] and 9% [95% CI: 2%-21%] respectively. Alveolar process fractures in primary dentition are associated with several healing complications in the primary teeth. Although the likelihood of severe complications in the permanent dentition is low, young children are still susceptible to developing sequelae in their permanent teeth. These results highlight the importance of awareness of dental injuries following alveolar process bone fractures in the primary dentition.

The influence of fetal bovine serum concentration on stemness and neuronal differentiation markers in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

Dental Stem Cells (DSCs) from discarded teeth are a non-invasive and ethically favorable source with the potential for neurogenesis due to their ectodermal origin. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are particularly promising due to their high differentiation potential and relative immaturity compared to other Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs). Markers like CD56 and CD271 are critical in identifying MSC subpopulations for therapeutic applications because of their roles in neurodevelopment and maintaining stemness. This study investigates how fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations affect the expression of CD56 and CD271 in SHED, influencing their stemness and neuronal differentiation potential. SHEDs were isolated from various donors, cultured, and characterized for MSC traits using markers such as CD14, CD19, CD29, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD56, and CD271. Culturing SHED in different FBS conditions (standard 15 %, reduced 1 % and 5 %, and FBS-free) showed that lower FBS concentrations increase CD271 and CD56 expression while maintaining the standard MSC immunophenotype. Importantly, the enhanced expression of these markers can be induced even after SHEDs have been expanded in standard FBS concentrations. These findings suggest that FBS concentration can optimize SHED culture conditions, enhancing their suitability for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications.

Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Rotary and Hand File Systems in Terms of Quality of Obturation and Instrumentation Time among Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer the following focused question: Are rotary file systems more effective than hand file systems in terms of the quality of obturation and instrumentation time among primary teeth? The inclusion criteria comprised studies that compared the effect on quality of obturation and instrumentation time among primary teeth after using rotary and hand file systems for biomechanical preparation of the root canals. This review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The searched databases included Medline (via PubMed), EBSCO, and Google Scholar. Articles published from January 2000 to December 2021, but only in English, were included. The search resulted in 8,003 published studies. After the removal of duplicate studies and full-text analysis, 9 studies were selected for systematic review, and 8 were selected for meta-analysis. Overall, the results demonstrated the promising effects of rotary file systems in reducing instrumentation time and improving obturation quality compared to hand files. Within the limitations of this review, it can be asserted that rotary file systems are superior to hand files in primary teeth for pulpectomy procedures. Rotary files, a more recent technique, are more efficient than traditional hand files in lowering the time required for instrumentation. Additionally, they provide superior obturation quality in primary molars, making them particularly beneficial for pediatric patients. Gala UP, Kalaskar R, Vinay V, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Rotary and Hand File Systems in Terms of Quality of Obturation and Instrumentation Time among Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):962-969.

An In Vitro Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of a New Dual-cure, Universal, Bioactive Luting Cement.

The aim of this study was to determine the properties of a new luting cement, BioCem®, by evaluating shear bond strength (SBS) and flexural strength (FS). A total of 60 extracted deciduous molars were included in this study. Samples were divided into two groups: Group I, Fuji I® (n = 30), and group II, BioCem® (n = 30). Each tooth was embedded in one acrylic block, such that the flattened enamel surface was exposed. Cylinders of 6 mm diameter and 8 mm height were prepared and evaluated for SBS using a universal testing machine. Ten rods of 25 × 2 × 2 mm of each material were prepared using a custom mold to evaluate the FS using a universal testing machine. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for statistical analyses. Intergroup analysis was performed using an independent sample t-test. Upon comparing the SBS values of the luting agents and prepared enamel surfaces, glass ionomer cement (GIC) displayed the highest value, while BioCem® displayed the lowest. Upon comparing the FS values of the luting agents and prepared enamel surfaces, BioCem® performed better than GIC. BioCem® may be used as a luting agent for the cementation of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) on primary teeth. BioCem®, a recently developed luting cement, may be used for cementing SSCs to the surfaces of prepared deciduous teeth; it exhibits significantly higher FS but lower SBS than that of GIC. Shams SA, Nekkanti S, Shetty S. An In Vitro Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of a New Dual-cure, Universal, Bioactive Luting Cement. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):887-891.

Evaluation and Comparison of Dentin Thickness, Centering Ability, Canal Transportation, and Instrumentation Time of Pro AF Baby Gold and Pedoflex Files in Primary Root Canals Using a Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis: An In Vitro Study.

Pediatric rotary systems have the advantage of improved canal centricity and conservative canal preparation with better obturation quality. Pro AF Baby Gold and Pedoflex files are two exclusive pediatric rotary file systems that were introduced in recent times. The aim of the present study is to compare and evaluate the dentine thickness, centering ability, canal transportation, and instrumentation time of Pro AF Baby Gold and Pedoflex files using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 40 extracted human primary molar teeth with a minimum 7 mm root length were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups: group I, Pro AF Baby Gold; group II, Pedoflex files. Teeth were imaged preoperatively with CBCT, then root canal preparation was done in both groups with respective files, followed by postoperative CBCT imaging to evaluate the dentin thickness, centering ability, and canal transportation of both groups. Instrumentation time was noted using a stopwatch. There is a statistically significant difference in the instrumentation time; Pedoflex took a shorter time when compared to Pro AF Baby Gold files. Regarding canal transportation, there was no significant difference between the two files, with Pedoflex showing a better value than the other files. Regarding centering ability, there was no significant difference between the two files, with Pro AF Baby Gold having a better value than the other files (p < 0.001). From the findings of our present study, it was found that both systems were able to effectively shape curved root canals in terms of canal transportation and centering ability. Busi S, PJ N, Deoghare A, et al. Evaluation and Comparison of Dentin Thickness, Centering Ability, Canal Transportation, and Instrumentation Time of Pro AF Baby Gold and Pedoflex Files in Primary Root Canals Using a Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):892-897.

Surgical Management of Palatally Impacted Mesiodens in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Supernumerary teeth are additional teeth or tooth-like structures that can develop either erupted or unerupted, beyond the normal complement of 20 primary teeth and 32 permanent teeth. A mesiodens is a specific type of supernumerary tooth located in the midline between the two central incisors. The presence of these extra teeth can lead to various clinical complications. This paper presents a case involving a palatally positioned, impacted mesiodens that was associated with an unerupted permanent left maxillary central incisor. Surgical removal of the mesiodens was performed, resulting in the successful eruption of the permanent incisor.