Primary Students Research Articles

Robotics in the Context of Primary and Preschool Education: A Scoping Review

This paper presents an overview of Educational Robotics (ER) in primary and pre-school education. As ER seems to be gaining popularity for its effectiveness as a learning tool, more research needs to be done in this area. Recent results from ER pilot projects advocate for the integration of ER in K-12 education curricula. On the other hand, teachers may face various difficulties in carrying out such activities due to lack of experience or knowledge in this field. Previous research has shown that ER is still an open field for exploration. Even though an increasing number of experiences are available for the use of robotic tools in early education, there is not enough empirical evidence on the features they need to present for young learners to perceive them as attractive and easy to use. In addition, the high cost of some tools may prevent educational institutions from using them systematically. To detect possible gaps in the current research, in the context of this work, 21 articles that have been published between 2011-2021 and represent ER applications and frameworks were collected and reviewed. The results of this study demonstrate that ER can be a valuable tool for supporting primary and pre-school students. However, the review supports that more research is needed on the technical features that a robotic tool must have to be successfully introduced to students of this age. Moreover, future work is needed to develop low-cost educational robotic tools so they can become more accessible to educational institutions.

Gender in Dance: (Re)Moving Stereotypes in Spanish Schools

Purpose: The study focuses on identifying and changing gender stereotype beliefs associated with sport and physical activity in primary education students. It also examines the influence and usefulness of an applied pedagogical intervention. Method: The study contains a descriptive cross-sectional stage, followed by an intermediate stage describing a pedagogical intervention program, and concludes with an evaluation of the intervention. Results: The students related the male gender with team sports and contact sports, whereas music-assisted and artistic-expressive activities were associated with the female gender. They also related strength with the male gender and flexibility with females. The pedagogical intervention led to a reduction in the students’ stereotyped views on ballet, rhythmic gymnastics, boxing, creative dance, flexibility, speed, and strength. Discussion/Conclusion: The teaching staff held generally positive views on the changes experienced by the students following their participation in the pedagogical intervention.

Analyzing the Factors Influencing English Language Speaking Anxiety of Sri Lankan Primary Students in Oman

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the factors of speaking anxiety among Sri Lankan primary students who learn English as second language learners in Oman and aimed to shed light on the possible solutions to overcome the English-speaking anxiety. Methods: This study is done using a mixed method. Forty-six Sri Lankan students participated in a quantitative study, in which the sampling method was convenient sampling, and two teachers who teach Sri Lankan students participated in a qualitative study, in which the sampling method was purposeful sampling. The instruments of this study are a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Results: The findings of quantitative research revealed that the major source of speaking anxiety in English learners in Sri Lanka is the fear of negative evaluation. Conclusion: The findings of qualitative research revealed that the effective solutions for overcoming the speaking anxiety of English learners in Sri Lanka living in Oman are a relaxed and friendly classroom environment, teachers using various techniques and approaches to boost confidence, and teachers encouraging the students to speak up.

History of music, electromagnetism and the Sun: an innovative educational resource for pre-service primary school teachers

In general, science education programs for pre-service primary teachers encounter several challenges, including inadequate subject matter training and uninspiring lectures. This results in a disconnection between university learning and real-school experiences. To address these issues, an innovative science teaching course for primary school teachers is proposed. This course emphasizes interdisciplinarity, practical activities and didactical resources, with the ultimate goal of breaking the cycle of unmotivated and unskilled students by producing competent and enthusiastic science teachers. The course structure, implemented at the University of La Laguna, creatively blends experimental sciences, history, music, and maths through engaging methods and practical activities. The integration of simple demonstrations and interdisciplinary approaches has had a positive impact on the pre-service teachers. As a result, they are now better equipped to design innovative educational resources for future primary students and have gained confidence in their abilities to teach science.

Examining pedagogical approaches and learning challenges in social studies education for upper primary students in urban slum areas of Odisha

Examining pedagogical approaches and learning challenges in social studies education for upper primary students in urban slum areas of Odisha

Comparing Pedagogical Practices of Music Teachers in Group and Individual Lessons for Primary Students

Comparing Pedagogical Practices of Music Teachers in Group and Individual Lessons for Primary Students

Digital tools for gamification of the educational process of junior school students in conditions of distance learning

The article examines the role of digital gamification tools in the educational process of junior high school students in the conditions of forced distance learning. The main online platforms and digital learning tools used during forced distance learning are highlighted, in particular: online learning platforms (Storyboard, Ed Puzzle, Edugames), mobile digital applications (MinecraftEdu, BookWidgets). The concept of gamification is defined as a powerful tool for engaging and motivating primary students, which refers to the process of adding game elements or mechanics to the learning process, which promotes the development of various cognitive skills, such as spatial imagination, imagination, reaction and mental abilities, which is of particular importance in children of primary school age. Gamification turns out to be an important strategy in distance learning, as it is aimed at engaging students in learning tasks. It was considered that one of the key advantages of using digital gamification tools is the possibility of increased individualization of training. This allows you to adapt the tasks to the level of development of each student, providing a personalized approach. Also, graphic and visual elements of gamification make learning more exciting and understandable for children, creating a positive attitude towards learning. Digital tools facilitate interaction and social support between students, even at a distance. They can include online team tasks that develop skills in collaboration and information sharing. In the absence of face-to-face contact, teachers can use digital gamification tools to effectively monitor student progress and provide quick feedback. This allows to identify and solve the learning difficulties of students. The main requirements to ensure the implementation of the idea of introducing gamification into the educational process of elementary school include giving students the opportunity to learn from their mistakes and try to cope with the task again in case of failure, providing students with a mobile environment for independent learning, providing constant and instant feedback with each other and with the teacher, create interactive tasks or quests instead of homework. In general, we note that digital gamification tools are a necessary advantage in the conditions of forced distance learning to create a stimulating and effective environment that contributes to the learning and development of junior schoolchildren.

Correlation between Postural Scoliosis and Physical Fitness: A Study of 775 Chinese Primary Students

Correlation between Postural Scoliosis and Physical Fitness: A Study of 775 Chinese Primary Students

Children's emergent mechanistic reasoning in chemistry: a case study about early primary students’ reasoning about the phenomenon of thermal expansion of air

The importance of introducing students to mechanistic reasoning (MR) early in their schooling is emphasised in research. The goal of this case study was to contribute with knowledge on how early primary students’ (9–10 year-olds) MR in chemistry is expressed and developed in a classroom practice framed by model-based inquiry. The study focuses on the first lesson in a sequence of six that was developed as part of a design study. The teaching was designed to ensure student agency and create conditions for the students to develop, test, and evaluate simple particle models in interaction with observations cooperatively and under teacher guidance. During the lesson, students were encouraged to express their tentative explanatory models in drawing and writing, and to act as molecules to dramatize the expansion of air. A mechanistic reasoning framework based on the characterisation of system components (entities, properties, activities, organisation) was developed and used to analyse children's mechanistic reasoning. The framework included multimodal analysis of communication (speech, gestures, writing, drawing, bodily motion) and evaluation of student reasoning based on e.g., the presence of gaps in terms of explanatory black boxes or missing pieces. The results show that: (1) In model-based inquiry, young children can navigate across different representational levels in their reasoning and engage in MR; (2) children's black-boxing can be seen as an indication of epistemic work in the process of model-based inquiry; and (3) asking students to engage in multiple modes of representations support the development of student MR in model-based inquiry.

Understanding Basic Literacy and Information Literacy for Primary Students

This research describes basic literacy and information literacy for elementary (primary) students. This research is library research. The analysis shows that primary students should understand six basic literacies, including 1). Literacy Read and Write (ability to understand the contents of written texts both explicit and implicit). 2). Numerical Literacy (ability to use basic mathematical symbols and numbers to solve practical problems and analyze mathematical information). 3). Scientific Literacy (ability to understand natural phenomena both scientific literacy and social phenomena). 4). Financial Literacy (ability to understand finance, concepts, management, risks, and skills in the financial sector. 5). Digital Literacy (ability to use digital media, create communication content, and filter information). 6). Cultural Literacy and Civic (ability to understand values, rights, and obligations as Indonesian citizens). Besides, understanding information literacy is also important for students. Several benefits of literacy are 1) training basic skills to read, write and count, 2) developing to think critically and logically when entering society and facing any situation. 3) having good literacy development correlates with better learning and communication skills, solving logical problems even academic achievement.

The Effect of Verbal Intelligence Games on Primary School 2nd Grade Students’ to the Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence Areas and the Turkish Course Attitudes

The aim of this research is to determine the verbal-linguistic intelligence levels, which is one of the intelligence areas determined in line with Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory, and their attitudes towards the Turkish lesson, and to examine the effects of verbal intelligence games on the development of this intelligence area and their attitudes towards the Turkish lesson. This research was carried out using a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group, one of the quantitative research methods. The study group of the research consists of 2nd grade primary school students studying in public schools in Yeşilyurt district of Malatya province. As data collection tools in the study, the "Multiple Intelligence Scale for Children" developed by Susar Kırmızı (2006) to determine the verbal-linguistic intelligence levels of the students, and the "Attitude Scale Towards Turkish Lesson" developed by Topçuoğlu Ünal and Köse (2014) to determine their attitudes towards the Turkish lesson. used after obtaining necessary permissions. During the research process, the verbal intelligence games "resfebe", "deleted letters", "missing letters" and "cryptic word" games were applied as a lesson hour two days a week for eight weeks. With the control group students, educational activities continued in a pre-planned manner. For the statistical analysis of the obtained data, an appropriate analysis program was used and the statistical data were interpreted by tabulating. According to the research findings, it was concluded that verbal intelligence games were effective in the development of verbal-linguistic intelligence areas of primary school 2nd grade students and in developing positive attitudes towards the Turkish lesson. Based on these results, it has been suggested that activities for verbal intelligence games should be given more place in primary school programs and even mind games should be included in the curriculum as an independent discipline area by associating them with other lessons at primary school level.

History Students’ Readiness in Using QR Code Based E-Job Sheet

The research objective is to identify primary history students' readiness to use QR code-based e-job sheets in terms of knowledge, experience, and supporting facilities. The research material consists of digital technology devices, smartphones, internet networks, electronic worksheets, QR Code applications, and an assessment of historical learning. This research applied a quantitative approach. Research respondents included significant history students at the Faculty of Social Sciences Universitas Negeri Padang from 2018 to 2022, including 140 students. Data were collected through a Google Form application questionnaire and shared with the students via WhatsApp. The data were analyzed quantitatively by using percentages and averages. General findings showed that many students were ready to use QR code-based e-job sheets, but others still needed them. The particular findings included: 1) more than half of respondents knew what the e-job sheet was, but two-thirds of them had no experience using the e-job sheet, 2) related to QR codes, it was found that half of the respondents knew what QR code was, but a part of them had no experience using QR codes, and 3) two-thirds of the respondents stated that supporting facilities such campus internet and their smartphone were unable to support the use of QR codes-based e-job sheets. QR code-based e-job sheets have become essential in optimizing digital technology in learning activities. Further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of using QR code-based e-job sheets as an alternative strategy and instrument for assessing learning outcomes in the digital era.

History Students’ Readiness in Using QR Code Based E-Job Sheet

The research objective is to identify primary history students' readiness to use QR code-based e-job sheets in terms of knowledge, experience, and supporting facilities. The research material consists of digital technology devices, smartphones, internet networks, electronic worksheets, QR Code applications, and an assessment of historical learning. This research applied a quantitative approach. Research respondents included significant history students at the Faculty of Social Sciences Universitas Negeri Padang from 2018 to 2022, including 140 students. Data were collected through a Google Form application questionnaire and shared with the students via WhatsApp. The data were analyzed quantitatively by using percentages and averages. General findings showed that many students were ready to use QR code-based e-job sheets, but others still needed them. The particular findings included: 1) more than half of respondents knew what the e-job sheet was, but two-thirds of them had no experience using the e-job sheet, 2) related to QR codes, it was found that half of the respondents knew what QR code was, but a part of them had no experience using QR codes, and 3) two-thirds of the respondents stated that supporting facilities such campus internet and their smartphone were unable to support the use of QR codes-based e-job sheets. QR code-based e-job sheets have become essential in optimizing digital technology in learning activities. Further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of using QR code-based e-job sheets as an alternative strategy and instrument for assessing learning outcomes in the digital era.

The effect of intelligence games on primary school fourth grade students' problem solving skills

Bu çalışmada ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri ile oynan zekâ oyunlarının problem çözme becerileri üzerinde etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere deneysel bir araştırma tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma, Balıkesir ili Kepsut ilçesinde 4. Sınıfta devam etmekte olan bir ilkokuldaki 40 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma desenine dayalı olarak 20 öğrenci kontrol ve 20 öğrenci deney grubunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma 8 haftalık bir süreci kapsamıştır. Bu süreçte deney grubunda bulunan öğrencilerle zekâ oyunları oynanmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki öğrenciler normal eğitim sürecine devam etmiş ve herhangi bir ilave çalışmaya katılmamışlardır. Araştırmada öğrencilerinin problem çözme becerilerini belirlemek amacıyla veri toplama aracı olarak Sezgin (2011) tarafından ilköğretim öğrencileri için geliştirilen “Problem Çözme Becerisi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde parametrik koşullar sağlanamadığından gruplar arası karşılaştırmada Mann Whitney-U Testi ile analiz yapılmıştır. Grup içi karşılaştırmalarda ise Wilcoxon İşaret Testi ile analiz yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; öntest puanları açısından kontrol ve deney grupları arasında manidar farklılık olmadığı ancak deneysel işlem sonrasında grupların sontest puanları arasında yapılan karşılaştırmada deney grubu öğrencileri lehine istatistiksel açıdan manidar farklılık olduğu gözlenmiştir. Grupların öntest-sontest puanlarına dayalı yapılan analizde kontrol grubu puanları arasında farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Deney grubunda ise öğrencilerin sontest puanlarının öntest puanlarına göre istatistiksel açıdan daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, öğrencilerin problem çözme becerilerinin gelişimi üzerinde zekâ oyunlarının anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

History Students’ Readiness in Using QR Code Based E-Job Sheet

The research objective is to identify primary history students' readiness to use QR code-based e-job sheets in terms of knowledge, experience, and supporting facilities. The research material consists of digital technology devices, smartphones, internet networks, electronic worksheets, QR Code applications, and an assessment of historical learning. This research applied a quantitative approach. Research respondents included significant history students at the Faculty of Social Sciences Universitas Negeri Padang from 2018 to 2022, including 140 students. Data were collected through a Google Form application questionnaire and shared with the students via WhatsApp. The data were analyzed quantitatively by using percentages and averages. General findings showed that many students were ready to use QR code-based e-job sheets, but others still needed them. The particular findings included: 1) more than half of respondents knew what the e-job sheet was, but two-thirds of them had no experience using the e-job sheet, 2) related to QR codes, it was found that half of the respondents knew what QR code was, but a part of them had no experience using QR codes, and 3) two-thirds of the respondents stated that supporting facilities such campus internet and their smartphone were unable to support the use of QR codes-based e-job sheets. QR code-based e-job sheets have become essential in optimizing digital technology in learning activities. Further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of using QR code-based e-job sheets as an alternative strategy and instrument for assessing learning outcomes in the digital era.

표준 한국어 교재 분석 연구

This study aims to analyse the incorporation of multicultural education (ME) elements in the content and objectives of “Standard Korean”, a textbook series for primary students in the 2017 Korean curriculum. The criteria for content analysis of ME include rules/etiquette; intercultural understanding; utilisation of culture as a tool; Korean culture-centred; and others. The textbook strongly emphasises the understanding of the cultural background of Korea as a key content element. Activity analysis was conducted based on three criteria derived from content analysis: comprehension, experiential learning, and internalisation. The activities predominantly leaned towards a comprehensive aspect. To better address the cognitive development levels of the learners, including communication and experiential activities should be further incorporated. The reflective aspects of ME in “Standard Korean” appear to fall short of adopting a predominantly intercultural perspective overall. Korean language textbooks should evolve into customized resources capable of accommodating the diverse cultures of a variety of learners.

Teachers’ Perspective on How Financial Literacy Benefits Primary Students in Cambodia?

A well-known quote by Tim Pawlenty says, ‘Financial literacy is an important part of avoiding financial mistakes and planning for a strong, secure financial future’. Life in the 21st century needs a variety of knowledge skills that everyone must master to become a successful person. In addition, people today are growing up in a society with increasing financial citizenship responsibility and economic complexity (Amagir et al., 2018).

The Application of Moderate Politeness into School Practices of An Urban Muhammadiyah Primary Students in The Era of Global Communication

Language politeness is considered one of the defining characteristics of Indonesian society. In the age of global communication and computing, moderate politeness, centered on politeness of opinion, politeness in deliberation, and politeness in respecting the opinions of others, is an important factor. However, progressive politeness in Urban Muhammadiyah Primary School is becoming a growing concern that requires special attention. The purpose of this study was to examine this violation in the interactions between learners, teachers, and principals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study adopts a qualitative approach with a case study design. The data were collected from interviews, observations, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with classroom teachers, principals, and learners, while observations were recorded through field notes and reflections. Moreover, audio-visual documentation in the form of photographs, videos, and recordings during the learning processes and interactions between learners or teachers were utilized. Data collection was based on four strategies: observation, interview, documents, and audio-visual, as outlined in Creswell's theory. Validity was examined using data triangulation, member checking, prolonged duration of data collection, repeated observations in the study location, and peer examination. The findings of the study include a) There was a violation of the politeness through bullying, body shaming, and verbal abuse, which violated the principles of appreciation and sympathy. b) Urban Muhammadiyah Primary School helped promote language politeness through several methods, including performing Duha prayers, morning recitation with assistance from the teacher and principal, and teacher role modelling by arriving at school at 06.15 and reciting Asmaul Husna together. Importantly, these efforts positively affected the politeness of the learners. This study provides an update on the assistance given to learners to address impoliteness, including Duha prayers, morning recitation, and memorization of Al-Qur'an and Asmaul Husna assisted by teachers. Moreover, the school has a well-equipped School Health Unit (SHU) to promote a healthy, clean, disciplined, and polite lifestyle. Appeals are made through persuasive and affectionate books and direct assistance from teachers as role models. The study of the Quran and Asmaul Husna demonstrates children's moderate politeness in expressing their opinions. The agreement to develop a joint discipline demonstrates the children's moderate politeness in deliberation.

Development of prose appreciation teaching materials based on experiential learning

Prose appreciation is a mandatory course taken by prospective primary school teacher education students in the first semester with a load of 2 credits. This research was carried out to develop Prose Appreciation teaching materials based on an experiential learning approach and to determine the validity and practicality of Prose Appreciation teaching materials based on an experiential learning approach. This research uses an R&D (research and development) approach, namely the Dick and Carey model. The data collection techniques used were interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used were interviews and questionnaires conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. The research results show that the Prose Appreciation teaching lesson based on the Experiential Learning approach is valid and practical for use in lectures. The linguistic validation results show that the Prose Appreciation teaching material is very valid for use with a score of 0.89. The validation results of the presentation and graphics obtained a figure of 0.77 in the valid category. Meanwhile, the content/material expert assessment obtained a figure of 0.87, which is in the valid category. Furthermore, the small group trial showed that the Prose Appreciation teaching material was practical to use and the large group trial showed that the Prose Appreciation teaching material was very practical to use.

Three Male Primary Student Teachers’ Intersections of Languaging and Teaching

Background: This paper reports on an investigation of male primary student teachers about their planning and teaching over the course of the 2021 year. Three male student teachers’ experiences are presented.
 Purpose: This study highlights how they negotiated the intersections of self with school, identity, and gender as male student teachers.
 Method: In weekly semi-structured peer group discussions student teachers were asked to describe the decisions that they made in planning, to reflect on the nature of the decision-making process that they went through, and about the consequences of this process. As necessary, questions were posed to the groups to further stimulate discussions. Written notes were taken from these discussions and used in combination with visiting lecturer notes about their teaching practice.
 Results: It was through the combination of these classroom activities and teaching practice observations that ethnomethodology and symbolic interactionism intersected with these student teachers’ self with school, identity, and gender. Ethnomethodology concerns how social order is established through social interactions while symbolic interactionism includes both verbal and non-verbal communication. It has been known that past experiences are the foundations of future experiences. The three male primary student teachers presented in this study support this assertion through their inward-looking and/or outward looking narratives.
 Conclusion: This study adds to our understanding of the importance of what messages schools, colleagues, and the wider community are sending to male primary teachers about their work and worth as primary teachers.