Primary School Physical Education Research Articles

초등무용교육에서 케이팝 대중무용의 활용방안 모색

This study explores the potential applications of K-pop popular dance in the ‘subject expression’ component of primary dance education, specifically targeting sixth-grade students. The research proposes an approach to primary dance education that incorporates key elements derived from K-pop idols, including point choreography, group dancing and dance challenge. To explore the integration of K-pop popular dance into primary school dance education, the study employs a two-fold method. First, it conducts a textual analysis of Unit Four from eight primary school physical education textbooks specifically designed for sixth-grade students, with a particular focus on the ‘Subject Expression’ section. Second, it examines K-pop idol music videos from a semiotic perspective. Through these investigations, the study seeks to elucidate the rationale behind incorporating K-pop popular dance into primary school dance education, the methodology for applying K-pop popular dance to cultivate the desired human qualities for future societal needs, and the educational benefits that primary school students can derive from engaging with K-pop popular dance.

‘To a certain extent it is a business decision’: exploring external providers’ perspectives of delivering outsourced primary school physical education

ABSTRACT The use of external providers to deliver primary school physical education (PE) shows no signs of slowing in England. Longstanding concerns into outsourcing primary school PE have highlighted the extent to which external providers often lack appropriate teaching qualifications and pedagogical knowledge. That said, when compared to primary school generalist teachers, external providers have been argued to be the ‘best fit’ to deliver primary school PE due to their greater knowledge base and experience of delivering curriculum activities, such as competitive team games. There is a paucity of research however surrounding external providers’ perspectives on their delivery of primary school PE, with their important insights and experiences underrepresented in the literature. This study, therefore, seeks to explore external providers’ perspectives and reflections on curriculum, pedagogy and assessment practices as delivered by them in outsourced primary school PE lessons. Semi-structured interviews were conducted over the telephone and Skype (video call) with 10 external providers, from four different outsourcing companies in the North of England. Penney et al.’s (2009, Curriculum, pedagogy and assessment: Three message systems of schooling and dimensions of quality physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 14(4), 421–442) three message systems of curriculum, pedagogy and assessment were used as a theoretical lens that aided the analysis of the data. The findings demonstrate that external providers: (1) developed and followed their own curriculum frameworks formed by their outsourcing companies to deliver in schools; (2) utilised various student-centred pedagogical approaches to deliver curriculum content that was driven by their formal and informal educational experiences to engage young people and (3) unlike some of the literature suggests, they provided assessment practices that were integrated into their curriculum frameworks. It was concluded that careful consideration must be taken by schools when contemplating whether to employ (or not) external providers to provide their curriculum content, deliver their primary school PE lessons, and to assess their pupils.

The Effect of the Use of Digital Technologies in Physical Education Lessons on Students' Physical Education Cultures and Attitudes towards the Lesson

Among the main objectives of the 'Primary School Physical Education Curriculum' is to raise individuals with knowledge, skills and behaviors integrated with values and competencies. In addition, one of the important goals of the Kazakh education system is to provide students with 21st century and related digital skills in all lessons. For this purpose, the current study examined the effect of digital technology and face-to-face teaching practices on students' lesson achievement, skills, attitudes, cultural awareness and value perceptions in primary school physical education lessons compared to traditional teaching. The study was conducted with a control group pre-test post-test design. A total of 60 students attending the 4th grade of primary school took part in the study. In the experimental group of the study, digital technologies supported face-to-face education and in the control group, traditional teaching practices were carried out. The research data were collected with 'Physical Education Lesson Acquisition Test', 'Physical Education Psychomotor Skills Test', 'Attitude Towards Physical Education Scale' and 'Cultural Awareness and Value Perception Scale in Physical Education' measurement tools. The experimental applications of the research lasted 8 weeks simultaneously in the control and experimental groups. According to the findings of the study, significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in physical education lesson outcomes and attitudes. However, no significant difference was found between the groups in psychomotor skills and value perception.

A Nonlinear Pedagogical Approach to Primary School Physical Education: A Case Study

Purpose: To explore the insights of adults and children at a New Zealand primary school adopting nonlinear pedagogical approaches to physical education (PE). Methods: This case study was conducted at a single primary school and utilized a qualitative methods design, including interviews or focus groups with the principal, five teachers, and four children. Results: A general inductive approach to analysis identified 11 themes including: empowering teachers and children (principal), letting go of control (teachers), and ownership (children). Discussion/Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a principal’s perceived need for change is important to facilitate school wide change to PE practices. Teachers can successfully adopt PE teaching approaches that align with contemporary pedagogy literature through in situ professional development, resulting in positive PE experiences for children.

Capoeira as a critical pedagogy tool in physical education: from a continuing professional development program to the classroom

ABSTRACT Background In this globalized world with a predominantly Eurocentric/androcentric approach to physical education (PE) teaching, there is a need to broaden school curricula from a critical, decolonizing approach. Capoeira is a manifestation of Afro-Brazilian popular culture combining dance, fight, and play that has historical links to slavery. Because it is removed from the hegemonic culture of sport and physical activity, it can be used to develop critical pedagogy through movement and corporeality. Teachers, however, must be equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to implement this critical approach in their curricula. A team of researchers at the National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC) developed a continuing professional development (CPD) course to introduce PE teachers to the history and potential of capoeira as a socio-critical pedagogical tool. Purpose To explore the opportunities and challenges that capoeira brings as a pedagogical tool for addressing social issues as perceived by PE teachers who took a CPD course on capoeira (Capoeira-CPDC). Methodology This study was divided into two phases: an initial phase analyzing the TTC on capoeira as a pedagogical tool for PE taken by 12 PE teachers and a second phase analyzing the transfer of knowledge by a primary and a secondary school teacher from the same school who participated in the course. Data were collected via participative and non-participative observation with analysis of diary entries made by the lead researcher-teacher educator, the 12 teachers who participated in the Capoeira-CPDC in phase 1, and the two teachers who incorporated capoeira into their PE classes in phase 2; answers to the course feedback form; and transcripts from a semi-structured interview held with the two teachers who taught capoeira. Results The Capoeira-CPDC and subsequent incorporation of capoeira into primary and secondary school PE classes showed a wide array of benefits and limitations that this practice can offer in terms of addressing social justice, interculturality, and coeducation issues. The socio-critical pedagogical model employed in the Capoeira-CPDC, which focused on both the technical aspects of capoeira and the historical and cultural significance of the movements involved, fostered active-reflective thinking among the participating teachers. Certain challenges, however, were observed in the second phase of the study, in particular difficulties dealing directly with the subject of slavery in PE classes, a romantic-assimilation-based vision of physical activity and sport as an intercultural tool, and gender-role stereotyping by teachers. Conclusion This study highlights the potential of capoeira as a pedagogical tool for addressing social justice, interculturality, and coeducation issues from a socio-critical approach. It also highlights potential difficulties in the classroom and the importance of addressing social justice issues in PE teacher CPD courses and facilitating tools to work on cultural diversity and gender belief systems.

Retracted: Research on the Current Situation, Causes, and Countermeasures of Primary School Physical Education Teachers' Health Literacy.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/7851028.].

Digital technology in game-based approaches: video tagging in football in PE

ABSTRACT Background: The use of digital technology in physical education (PE) is widely debated. PE is influenced by children’s everyday lives and by changes in society, including the powerful presence of digital technology. However, there is little research on using digital technology in the context of invasion games in primary school PE. The possibility of combining video tagging and the didactic-methodical staging of PE to cover the content of football is investigated in the present study. Purpose: The study aims to (1) investigate student’s perspectives of the emerging role of a camera child (video tagger), and (2) assess how students interact with video products created in a game-based football approach in primary school PE. The focus is on the communication and interaction processes among students. Processes of movement education, general education and media education are all of interest. Method: In six Grade 4 classes in Germany, a football unit was taught over three lessons of 90 min each using the Teaching Games for Understanding method, preceded by one 90-minute media education lesson on various media pedagogical topics. In the lessons, the students were divided into teams of four and presented with football in the context of three-versus-three games. The fourth child on each team took on the camera-child role and tagged important game situations with an app on a tablet. The lessons were then evaluated based on the research approach of focusing on the students’ perspectives. For this purpose, 104 guided interviews with students were conducted and analysed using grounded theory. Findings: Based on the interview analysis, the phenomena that students experienced when using tablets were classified as: (1) ambivalent position of the camera child (with the subcategories of the camera child’s limited influence on the game and limiting and facilitating phenomena for the camera-child role), and (2) conserved and stored movements (with the subcategories of media-supported conflict management and slow-motion distorting reality). The results showed that physical activity was more important to students than using tablets. Conclusion: The use of digital media offers a greater variety of methods and allows children new and expanded access to invasion games like football. In the process, (sports) pedagogical and didactic goals also change and are expanded to include media pedagogical aims. Social learning is also important in this context. In orchestrating digitally enhanced instruction, new opportunities open up in terms of learning and experiencing movement and learning about media and the media products created.

Adaptation trait Development for Scholars with Severe Educational Needs During Primary School Physical Education

The aim of this research is to determine how emotional intelligence trait adaptability is integrally developed through physical education of scholar`s with severe special educational needs.To achieve this aim firstly a research question was formulated how is the adaptability trait developed during various social and educational contexts of physical education? This research is based on the fundamentals of qualitative microethnographic research. Several data collection and analysis methods were used: scientific literature analysis, video recordings, Braun and Clarke`s reflexive analysis, latent coding using the Huber and Froelich method of sequential analysis. The results revealed 13 sub-themes and 7 themes which generated these main conclusions: The adaptation trait for scholars with severe special educational needs can be developed through various social interactions and educational contexts, which usually are constructed by the teacher, on an individual, group levels and in some cases multidimensionally, independent on the phase of the lesson, hence the activity itself is most important, thus making physical education a preferable context for such development.

A Comparative Study of Primary School Physical Education in China and the United States in an International Perspective

A Comparative Study of Primary School Physical Education in China and the United States in an International Perspective

Discussion on the Cultivation of the Core Quality of Middle School Students’ Physical Education in Primary School Physical Education Teaching

In the context of quality education, a wider exploration of physical education has been carried out, but at the same time higher requirements have been put forward for school sports courses. It is essential to pay attention to the teaching and training of physical knowledge and skills in physical education training as well as cultivate the core physical literacy of primary school students. The core quality of physical education is the main part of the basic quality of primary and middle school students, which is of great significance to their learning and development. This article will explore the training methods of primary and middle school students’ basic quality in school physical education courses for reference.

Primary school Physical Education (PE) specialist teachers’ experiences of teaching Health Education and Physical Education

The purpose of this paper was to extend understanding of the studied phenomenon: primary school Physical Education (PE) specialist teachers’ experiences of teaching Health Education and Physical Education within the Learning Area Health and Physical Education (HPE) in their schools. Figurational sociology guided the research, which employed an explanatory sequential mixed methodology consisting of an online survey with 94 participants, followed by semi-structured interviews with 11 purposively sampled participants. Survey data indicated participants perceived their students undertook approximately one hour of HPE each week, except for Kindergarten students, who completed just over 40 minutes. This is less than the notional 80 hours a year recommended for delivering the subjects Health Education (HE) and Physical Education (PE) within the Australian Curriculum. Participants perceived HPE delivery in their primary schools was predominantly PE focused, and therefore, HE was ‘falling between the cracks’. Thematic analysis of the interview data led to the identification of themes reflecting specialist teachers’ perceptions of HE being the remit of class teachers, marginalised due to a crowded curriculum and lack of collaboration between PE specialists and classroom teachers. There is significant scope for HE not to be taught or not be taught well in the primary schools represented in the data provided by participants in this study. Improved collaboration between class teachers and PE teachers, increased support and prioritisation from senior staff (e.g. principals) and increased HE professional learning opportunities for class teachers are required.

Pengaruh Integrasi Latihan Gerak Dasar Pendidikan Jasmani terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Siswa SD diMasa Pandemi Covid-19

Basic movement proficiency (FMS) is most successfully acquired during the early school years. This happens at the beginning and after 2.5 years of primary school physical education. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of selected exercises on motor development in first year elementary school students in Jambi City, Indonesia. This research is semi-experimental in nature, carried out in the field and using experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes all first-year elementary school students in Jambi city (7523 students). Fifty-six of them were randomly selected (cluster stage) and then randomly divided into two groups: experiment (N=26, mean age=6.9 ± 0.55) and control (N=28, mean age). average = average = 6.9 ± 0.59). ). The experimental group was given training for eight weeks, 2 sessions per week and each session lasted 45 minutes. To measure motor development, the Test of Gross Motor Development edition 2 (TGMD-2) is used. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and paired t-test. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups regarding movement skills (8.637, P<0.05). In fact, the integration of basic motion exercises in physical education has an impact on their motor development. By integrating basic movement exercises, it can be used as an appropriate plan to improve the development of movement skills in first-year elementary school students.

How do Girls and Boys Feel Emotions? Gender Differences in Physical Education in Primary School

Abstract The main objective of the study was to analyze the emotional intensity experienced by school-age boys and girls when participating in traditional sports games. A total of 152 students from two primary schools participated. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to verify the distribution of the data, followed by Student’s parametric t-test for independent samples and Levene’s test for homogeneity of variance. Girls registered more intense positive emotions in games of lower decisional complexity (oppositional, cooperative, and individual games) and in non-competitive games compared to boys, who experienced positive emotions with greater intensity in cooperative-oppositional games and competitive games. Reducing sports stereotypes is necessary if the meaningful outcome of physical education is to promote shared emotional and relational well-being among all students. Therefore, traditional sports games can be an excellent tool for creating a positive impact on students’ social and emotional learning, as interpersonal relationships are key to the development of the game.

Stakeholders’ perceptions of within-class ability grouping in a primary school physical education unit

ABSTRACT Background Ability grouping in education is the practice of separating students into different groups or classes according to their actual or perceived ability levels. Studies of ability grouping in physical education have been few in number or broad in purpose and methodology. What is certain however is that the voices of students remain principally absent. Purpose To examine the pedagogical practice of physical ability grouping from the perspective of teachers and students following a 20-lesson unit in a primary school physical education class. Method One hundred and sixty-five fifth-grade students from three different physical education classes in the United States participated in 20 lesson units of tchoukball. Students in each class were divided into nine teams making up three leagues: Snakes (higher skilled), Dragons (middle level), and Tigers (lower skilled). Each league was led by one of the three teachers responsible for instruction. Individual interviews were conducted with all three teachers, while 24 interviews were conducted with the student participants. While the interviews were open-ended, particular attention was given to participant perceptions of the ability grouping used in the tchoukball unit. Results Four findings are reported generated from teacher interviews: perceptions of grouping outcomes; (ii) perceptions of student engagement; (iii) impact on teaching; and (iv) future intentions with respect to forming groups in physical education. Four further outcomes were created by capturing the voices of the students: (i) their positive overall perceptions of the unit; (ii) their responses to being in their groups; (iii) interactions with teachers; (iv) comparisons with previous physical education lessons. Discussion The discussion is organized around a set of questions that might be considered by teachers if they decide to initiate ability grouping. They are also designed to serve as possible research questions that could be taken up to advance our understanding of the practices of grouping in physical education. These are: (i) are ‘soft’ approaches to grouping the only defendable option? (ii) (how) is it possible to ensure an even distribution of benefit across all students? (iii) what advantages (if any) are to be gained by providing chances to learn from higher skilled classmates? and (iv) are grouping labels necessary?

The association of children's motivation and physical activity levels with flipped learning during physical education lessons

Flipped learning is a pedagogical approach that directs instruction from a group to an individual learning space. This approach can stimulate students’ motivation, promote adequate physical activity levels, and reduce sedentary (SED) behaviour. Addressing the literature gap regarding the correlations among these factors in school physical education (PE), this study aimed to examine the association of students’ motivation, physical activity levels, and SED behaviour with flipped learning in a four-lesson learning unit. Framed by self-determination theory, a quasi-experimental design was adopted to measure and compare the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), SED, and motivation levels of 111 primary school students aged between 10 and 11 years ( mean = 10.07, standard deviation = .26) in Hong Kong. Fifty-two of the participants were female, and 59 were male. They were randomly assigned to experimental ( n = 57) and control ( n = 54) groups, in which a flipped learning approach was adopted in the experimental group for two weeks. A questionnaire survey and accelerometers were used to measure participants’ motivation (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation) and their physical activity levels. The findings revealed significantly higher MVPA levels and lower SED levels in the experimental group. Autonomous motivation was found to have a positive correlation with MVPA levels and a negative correlation with SED levels, indicating a positive predictor of the two. The findings of this study reveal the potential of flipped learning to enhance students’ MVPA and reduce their SED behaviour during primary school PE lessons.

Primary school physical education management: Profiles and predictors in Central Java

Effective management allows teachers to see and handle student learning problems. This study aimed to determine the physical education management of elementary school teachers in Central Java and its predictors. This research is quantitative with data description and correlation. Using purposive sampling, the total number of respondents was 50 physical education teachers at the elementary level in Central Java. The data was processed using descriptive statistics, data normality, and correlation. The subjects studied had a minimum teaching experience of 1 year. Data collection techniques include instruments and observation by physical education teachers. The instruments included planning, implementation, and evaluation of physical education management. The questionnaire uses a scale of 1-4. In terms of age and length of teaching, researchers used correlation analysis. Correlation data were processed using SPSS Version 21. The management of physical education in Central Java is in the "good" category. Physical education management includes planning, implementation, and evaluation. Length of teaching and age are not predictors in physical education management. Most physical education teachers are linear and have at least a bachelor's degree. Further studies are needed involving many teachers and other variables to determine predictors. The results of this study contribute consideration, support, and contribution of ideas to stakeholders to improve the quality of physical education. The role of management is crucial in enhancing teachers’ ability to achieve educational goals in general.
 
 

The Impact of a Nonlinear Pedagogical Approach to Primary School Physical Education Upon Children’s Movement Skill Competence

Purpose: To investigate the effects of a nonlinear pedagogical approach to primary school physical education (PE) upon children’s movement skill competence. Methods: Forty-six (male = 25 and female = 21) children aged 6–9 years participated in either a nonlinear pedagogy (NP) or linear pedagogy approach to PE for 9 weeks. Children’s movement skill competence was assessed utilizing measures representative of children’s play at pretest, posttest, and 13-week retention test time points. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant improvements for general motor coordination (p < .05, d = 0.234) and time-to-contact judgment performance (p < .05) for the NP group only. Significant between-group differences existed for general motor coordination at the retention test time point (p < .05, d = 0.119) in favor of the NP group. Conclusion: Our results reveal that NP approaches to primary school PE can be efficacious in enhancing children’s movement skill competence. Thus, it seems appropriate that NP approaches to PE are utilized more readily within the primary school sector.

An investigation of how physical literacy is enacted in primary physical education

PurposeThis research investigated how students are becoming teachers of primary school (ages 5–11) physical education (PE), using a physical literacy (PL) approach (Whitehead, 2010). Primarily methodological, the purpose was to disrupt how to investigate this topic since research highlights that the philosophy underpinning PL makes the concept difficult to operationalize (Shearer et al., 2018).Design/methodology/approachPE settings are inherently lively, and the author retained this in the analytic insights from what she called a “methodological meshwork” (Law, 2004; Ingold, 2006). Informed by phenomenology, posthumanism and sociomaterialism, data gathering included observations, interviews with artefacts, with humans, and tweets as part of the methodological meshwork. Diagrammatic presentations accompany written text, whilst also doing work in themselves (Decuypere and Simon, 2016). The author followed the actors (Adams and Thompson, 2016), thus entered the middle of data, such as lesson plan or physical education equipment.FindingsOnto-epistemological entanglements (Barad, 2007) are presented in an interweaving format. Thus, theory is discussed alongside the empirical and shows that a PL informed approach to PE is evident in multiple places-spaces.Originality/valueBroader issues are raised about methodological assumptions that inform investigations of PL and practice generally. It is hoped that these may be relevant to a wider professional audience as well as those in physical and teacher education.

Intervention Programme Based on Self-Determination Theory to Promote Extracurricular Physical Activity through Physical Education in Primary School: A Study Protocol.

Low levels of physical activity (PA) are a concern among students, producing negative physical, health and mental consequences. This study aims to present a protocol intervention in physical education (PE) based on self-determination theory (SDT) to enhance students' motivation towards performing PA and increasing their PA levels in their leisure time. This protocol is a convenience study with two allocation arms (intervention group versus control group). SDT-based motivational strategies will be carried out and co-created with PE teachers to increase motivation and out-of-school PA levels. Data collection will be conducted three times: before the intervention, after the intervention (four months after baseline) and at the end of the intervention (retention measurement, seven months after baseline). The measures will assess perceived teacher support for PA, motivation towards PA, intention to be physically active, PA levels, engagement in PE and academic performance. Overall, this intervention programme is expected to increase students' autonomous motivation for PA and their PA levels in their free time. This intervention might encourage teachers to establish strategies and resources to increase their students' adaptive outcomes.

Primary School PE Teachers Classroom Teaching Difficulties and Countermeasures

Physical education teachers are an important part of primary school teachers. As an important subject, physical education has a direct impact on the quality and level of physical education in China in terms of knowledge and skills. Therefore, physical education has received more and more attention. Physical education teachers are the key factors that determine the effectiveness of physical education. Through the investigation of the teaching situation of PE teachers in remote primary schools, it is found that most of them are part-time teachers. They are tired of teaching ideas, heavy teaching tasks and traditional teaching methods, which can not meet the needs of the rapid development of sports today. Through field investigation, this study explains the difficulties in the teaching of primary school physical education teachers, finds out the causes, and puts forward some feasible suggestions for these specific problems.