Primary School Level Research Articles

A pilot study of adapting, validating and further developing a map skills model to improve the teaching and learning of map reading at primary and secondary school level

A pilot study of adapting, validating and further developing a map skills model to improve the teaching and learning of map reading at primary and secondary school level

Towards Inclusive Classrooms: Identification of the Role of Teachers in Creating an Inclusive Learning Environment

The development of education is vital to the expansion of human evolution. Learning philosophy and disciplinary practices advise the inclusive model of classroom teaching. The objective of this research study is to identify teachers’ role in creating inclusive classrooms in primary level schools. According to School Information System (www.sis.punjab.gov.pk), Tehsil Gojra has total 113 male primary schools where 206 teachers are teaching. By maintaining a 95% confidence level and confidence interval 5, and using www.surveysystem.com, the sample size of 134 was determined. Convenient method of sampling was used to select the respondents. Essential information was collected from the respondents through a structured questionnaire. The SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used to process the information. This study demonstrated how important teachers are in fostering an inclusive learning environment. The highest-ranked initiative, 'Provide support for them in ways which benefit all children in your class,' having mean score 2.33, which emphasizes significance of inclusive teaching strategies that benefit the entire class rather than addressing the needs of special students only. 'Focusing on the strength of students' with mean score of 2.27 and 'Promoting empathy in students' with mean score of 2.25 follow closely, emphasizing the significance of identifying student talents and creating a caring, empathetic environment in the classroom. Teachers saw how crucial it was to use a range of tactics and adaptations to help struggling students.

Impact of Classroom Management Techniques on Students' Learning Effectiveness in Public Primary Schools: A Study in District Sanghar, Sindh

This study search into the critical features of classroom management techniques and their impact on students’ effective learning at public primary school level in district Sangahar Sindh. Effective classroom management is a base to lead high quality learning environment to assist student engagement that grow academic achievement. The research work to survey the present condition of classroom management implementation in public primary schools in district Sanghar analyze their impact on students learning outcome. This research employs a quantitative approach and analysis methods. A survey questions was conduct from primary school teachers in district Sanghar to collect data on their classroom management practices. The outcomes of this study analyze the most frequently used classroom management techniques by primary school teachers in district Sanghar examining the impact of these techniques on students’ academic achievement, engagement, behavior and analyze the relationship between classroom management practices and student learning outcome. The findings will be prepared precious awareness for teachers, policy makers, and education collaborator to make better classroom management process increase student learning and assist academic excellence in district Sanghar. The impact of classroom management techniques on students’ effective learning has significant relationship towards the development of active body of knowledge and result suggested authentication about these practices that support student success in all manners.

Project-Based Learning in Fostering Creative Thinking and Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills: Evidence from Primary Education in Indonesia

The interdependence between the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model and the growth and enhancement of Creative Thinking and Mathematical Problem Solving Skills in Elementary Schools is unquestionable nowadays. Prior studies have yet to discover concrete evidence regarding the interdependence being discussed. This study highlighted cognitive abilities related to creative thinking and mathematics problem-solving by implementing the Project-Based Learning Model. This research was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design involving 43 students in the sixth grade of two elementary schools; data was collected through test and classroom observation, and then the data was analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Conversely, students exposed to project-based learning models exhibit higher skill levels in creative thinking and problem-solving than those instructed using conventional learning models. The project-based learning model significantly impacted elementary school children’s creative thinking and mathematics problem-solving skills. These findings suggest that the Project-Based Learning Model is acceptable for instructors seeking to foster creativity in teaching mathematics at the primary school level in Indonesia or other countries with comparable settings.

How Does the Covid-19 Pandemic Affect the Learning Process of IPS Subjects at the Primary School Level in Indonesia?

Since President Joko Widodo announced the first COVID-19 case in Indonesia in March 2020, the country has faced a prolonged pandemic, officially ending in June 2023. This period saw significant transformations across various sectors, particularly in education. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift to online learning, presenting numerous challenges such as limited student understanding, inadequate facilities, teacher proficiency in technology, and access issues. These challenges highlighted gaps in the national education system as outlined in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003. This study employs a qualitative, descriptive approach through literature review to explore the impact of the pandemic on elementary social studies education in Indonesia. Data collection involved extensive review of secondary sources, including books, scientific articles, and research reports. The analysis focused on the COVID-19 pandemic's influence on the learning process, revealing significant challenges and proposing solutions such as optimizing learning media, fostering collaboration between teachers and parents, and creating contextual learning modules. The study underscores the necessity for improved digital infrastructure, enhanced digital capabilities, and government support to ensure effective and efficient online education. The findings contribute to understanding the broader implications of the pandemic on education and propose strategies for the future in.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI NUMERASI DITINJAU DARI MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA SMAN 1 BARAT

Literacy and numeracy skills are essential skills that students must master starting from the primary school level. Motivation is a psychological condition in a person who is driven by a strong will and presents a feeling of pleasure in carrying out an action to achieve a certain goal. So this research aims to describe numeracy literacy skills in terms of student learning motivation. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique used questionnaires, tests, and interviews. So the conclusion of this study is that the numeracy literacy skills of students with high learning motivation, moderate learning motivation and low learning motivation in solving problems are similar, numeracy literacy skills of students with high learning motivation and moderate learning motivation also have similarities in determining and implementing appropriate solution strategies, while literacy and numeracy skills of students with low learning motivation, in determining and implementing strategies and solutions are not appropriate

Standard Classroom Capacity: Effective of Learning Activities in Malaysian Primary School Buildings

The teaching and learning process needs to be carried out formally in the classroom, which is the main learning space in the school system. This should be implemented effectively to achieve a level of comfort for students. The capacity of a classroom can affect the way the teacher teaches and the level of student understanding. Classroom capacity needs to be emphasized to encourage and maintain student motivation for continuous learning, especially at the primary school level. This study aims to analyse classroom capacity in order to improve student comfort in the primary school building and thus enhance the effectiveness of learning. The qualitative method used for conducting the study is the method used in this research to measure the predicted findings. The present area of 15 randomly chosen classrooms was measured (Width X Length) using a qualitative method that also included semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study show that 50 percent of classroom capacity in primary school buildings comply with existing guidelines, established design rules and classroom area requirements. The current classroom size is 2.25 m2 per student with a significant increase in student satisfaction during the teaching and learning process. However, the findings from the semi-structured interviews highlight interesting points in relation to the appropriateness of classroom capacity. Teachers think that classroom capacity affects students' level of comfort. Respondents agreed that the capacity of a classroom is effective with a maximum of 26 students. This research paper emphasizes the importance of compliance with classroom physical performance standards in primary school buildings to increase the comfort level of students in the classroom. The research presented here provides current information, knowledge, and findings regarding actual classroom capacity in primary school buildings data that could have an impact on students' comfort. During the formative learning phase, very little meaningful attention is paid to the areas where students spend the majority of their weekdays. As a result, this can support experts in the fields of school building management, building facilities, and other related fields in determining and implementing the right classroom capacity in schools generally.

Implementation of Qur'anic Literacy at the Elementary School Level in South Sulawesi

The aim of this research is to reveal the implementation of Al-Qur'an literacy at elementary school level in South Sulawesi. This type of research is classified as qualitative. The approach that researchers use in this research is a qualitative and scientific approach which includes an educational approach. Furthermore, the data collection methods used were observation, interviews and documentation. Then, data processing and analysis techniques are carried out through three stages, namely: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that; The implementation of Al-Qur'an Literacy at Primary School Level in South Sulawesi, based on research results, was found to have been carried out well, even in the implementation of the evaluation and follow-up stages, as for the learning models or methods used by teachers in implementing or developing al-Qur'an literacy programs. The Qur'an in elementary schools uses the Iqra' method, the Tartil method, and several other methods. Among the many types of methods used, the methods that are most often used are the iqro method combined with the tartil and memorization methods and the tilawati method combined with the BTQ tahfidz program. This method was developed and implemented based on the level of student ability, in stages each student is guided starting from Iqro' 1 to Iqro' 6 then continuing to Juz 1 to 30. Likewise, the tahfidz program starts with Juz 30, 29 and 28.

Inequality of educational opportunity among primary school children in Cameroon

Despite several education policies related to the Sustainable Development Goals, educational inequalities persist at the primary school level in Cameroon. However, little is known on students’ circumstances and efforts in an attempt to reduce these inequalities. The aim of this paper therefore is to analyse inequality of opportunity in Cameroon’s primary education sector. Using the 2014 and 2019 PASEC databases, we decompose students’ reading and mathematics test scores based on Shapley and non-parametric approaches to assess the role of household, school and environmental circumstances. Results show that inequality of opportunity contributes between 38.1 % and 46.3 % of total inequality for between 2014 and 2019 in test scores. Interestingly, school factors like school type, location, resources, and class size, have a bigger impact than students’ family background. Policies to improve school conditions should focus on rural and under-resourced areas in terms of educational materials, while improving school inspections and reducing class sizes may be more effective in reducing educational inequalities.

The Impact of Classroom-Based Assessment (CBA) Implementation on the Performance of B40 Pre-School and Primary School Students

Classroom-Based Assessment (PBD) is applied in the education system in Malaysia. It substitutes the public examination system at the primary school level and gives prominence to summative and formative assessment holistically. This case study was conducted to identify the effectiveness and challenges of PBD implementation on the development of students, specifically the B40 group of pre-school and primary school students. To obtain research data, an in-depth interview instrument was conducted on 13 study participants from a quota sample. Interview findings were analyzed to form themes and were confirmed by experts through the Cohen Kappa index of 0.803. Findings regarding the effectiveness of PBD showed that PBD is a holistic assessment for B40 students, especially students who are weak in learning, as it encompasses a comprehensive learning and continuous assessment. PBD is also beneficial for B40 students as they are given the opportunity to achieve the desired mastery level; thus, the gap between B40 students and non-B40 students can be minimized. In addition, this study also highlighted the achievement of B40 students through their mastery of subjects at school. Challenges in the implementation of PBD for B40 preschool and primary school students encompass three aspects, namely challenges in knowledge, achievement and implementation. In terms challenges in knowledge, parents are seen to be oblivious regarding PBD. Challenges in achievement exist when students do not sufficiently master the subjects and unmindful of PBD implementation of. Finally, challenges in implementation, which refers to strenuous individual assessment due to the large number of students. Furthermore, attendance of B40 students is a major challenge in the implementation of PBD. In addition, another challenge in implementation is the need and financial, and parental support. This study explores towards critical discussion and understanding to improve the learning system and further realize the benefits in the implementation of PBD, especially for B40 preschool and primary school students.

The Impact of Interactive Reading Activities at Primary School Level on Language Skills: A Systematic Review

The Impact of Interactive Reading Activities at Primary School Level on Language Skills: A Systematic Review

The Relationship Between Teachers' Web 2.0 Tools Usage Competency Levels and Self-Efficacy Perceptions

The research aims to determine Web 2.0 tools usage levels of teachers teaching at preschool, primary and secondary school levels, in terms of school levels and educational backgrounds, and to reveal the possible relationship between teachers' use of Web 2.0 tools and their self-efficacy levels. The study comprised 203 instructors from Zonguldak province with various education levels and teaching at various school levels. The data in this study was collected through “Competency in Using Web 2.0 Tools" and "Teachers' Self-Efficacy Perceptions" scales. Correlation and two-factor ANOVA analyses were used to determine the outcomes after verifying the data's normal distribution and the scales' fit indices. According to the study's findings, scores on the "Web 2.0 Tools Usage Competency Scale" were higher in favor of teachers with a master's degree. It was concluded that teachers' usage levels of Web 2.0 tools were significantly related to classroom management, one of the sub-dimensions of the teachers' self-efficacy perception scale, and their educational level, one of the demographic characteristics of the teachers. Furthermore, when the self-efficacy measure sub-dimensions were examined, it can be concluded that teachers' levels of the use of Web 2.0 tools did not differ significantly by school level or educational level, but they did differ significantly in terms of classroom management. The research findings also offer suggestions.

A Global Perspective on Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Educational Level in CHD Patients: SURF CHD II.

Clinical guidelines recommend lifestyle modifications and medication use to control cardiovascular risk factors in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. However, risk factor control remains challenging especially in patients with lower educational level. To assess inequalities by educational level in the secondary prevention of CHD in the Survey of Risk Factors in Coronary Heart Disease (SURF CHD II). SURF CHD II is a cross-sectional clinical audit on secondary prevention of CHD, conducted during routine clinical visits in 29 countries. The easy-to-perform design of the survey facilitates its implementation in settings with limited resources. We reported risk factor recording, attainment of guideline-defined risk factor targets, and treatment in CHD patients. Differences by educational level in target attainment and treatment were assessed with logistic regression stratified for high- (HIC), upper middle- (UMIC), and lower middle-income (LMIC) countries. SURF CHD II included 13,884 patients from 2019 to 2022, of which 25.0% were female and 18.6% had achieved only primary school level. Risk factor recording ranged from 22.2% for waist circumference to 95.6% for smoking status, and target attainment from 15.9% for waist circumference to 78.7% for smoking. Most patients used cardioprotective medications and 50.5% attended cardiac rehabilitation.Patients with secondary or tertiary education were more likely to meet targets for smoking, LDL cholesterol and physical activity in HICs and LMICs; for physical activity and triglycerides in UMICs; but less likely to meet targets for blood pressure in HICs and LDL <1.4mmol/L in UMICs. Higher education was positively associated with medication use and cardiac rehabilitation participation. CHD patients generally have poor attainment of risk factor targets, but patients with a higher educational level are generally more likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation, use medication, and meet targets. Target attainment and participation in cardiac rehabilitation are poor in CHD patients globally.Patients with higher education are more likely to meet risk factor targets, showing health inequities in secondary prevention of CHD.The association between education and risk factor target attainment and treatment varies with country income level.

Teachers' Pedagogic Competence in Strengthening Character Education of Students in Elementary Schools : Exploring Effective Strategies

This study aims to explore effective strategies for improving teachers' pedagogical competence to strengthen learners' character education at the primary school level. The research method used was a literature study with a qualitative approach. Primary and secondary data were obtained from books, documents, and journals that were of the same relevance as this research. After the data was obtained, the data analysis technique for this research used content analysis. The results of the study found that teachers must master educational technology to improve teaching effectiveness and student engagement. It involved using digital tools for assessment, teaching, and communication with students and parents. Teachers needed to develop 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and communication. These skills were important to help students become individuals who are ready to face future challenges. Teachers should apply an adaptive pedagogical approach, tailoring teaching methods to students' individual needs, interests and abilities. It includes differentiated learning, formative assessment and the use of adaptive technology. Character education should be integrated in the curriculum by teaching universal and contextual values. A holistic approach, including project- and problem-based learning, is important to develop a strong student character relevant to modern challenges. Continuous professional training and development for teachers is key to ensuring they are up-to-date with best practices and innovations in education. This involves workshops, online courses, mentoring and collaboration within communities of practice. Modern assessment and reflection are important for monitoring student progress and evaluating teaching effectiveness. The use of formative and summative assessments, technology in assessment, and regular reflection by teachers and students can improve the quality of learning. Collaboration with parents, communities, educational institutions, government and non-profit organizations can strengthen character education and support teachers' pedagogical competencies.

Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and Readiness of Educational Infrastructure in Elementary Schools

Education is a cornerstone in shaping competent and adaptable generations. Merdeka Curriculum was introduced as an educational reform effort in Indonesia to grant students the freedom to develop their potentials according to their interests and talents. However, the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum faces challenges, particularly in educational infrastructure readiness, especially at the primary school level. Adequate educational infrastructure, including physical facilities, access to information and communication technology (ICT), and availability of competent human resources, is crucial for the successful execution of this curriculum. This research aims to analyze the readiness level of educational infrastructure in primary schools to support the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum, identify challenges, evaluate the influence of infrastructure readiness on curriculum effectiveness, formulate strategic steps to address infrastructure constraints, and explore the roles of the government and relevant stakeholders in enhancing educational infrastructure readiness. The research methodology employed includes qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods, involving data analysis from questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Findings indicate that the majority of primary schools still face infrastructure challenges, with only a small portion possessing adequate facilities. Schools with better infrastructure tend to implement Merdeka Curriculum more effectively, evidenced by improved student participation and higher academic outcomes. Recommended strategic steps include increasing budget allocations, providing sufficient ICT devices, and conducting intensive teacher training. The government plays a crucial role in supporting educational infrastructure development through supportive policies and adequate budget allocations. Collaborative efforts among the government, private sector, and local communities are expected to expedite improvements in educational infrastructure readiness, thereby enabling all schools to effectively support Merdeka Curriculum.

Investigation of Primary School Teachers' Experiences on Teaching Science in Distance Education Process

It is seen that many opportunities are offered to both students and teachers thanks to the integration of technology into teaching environments. It can be thought that using instructional technologies in the teaching process can enable students to be active in this process, make learning enjoyable, concretize the information, and thus ensure that this information is permanent. In addition to this, distance education opportunities can be provided so that students can continue their education under extraordinary conditions. In this research, it is aimed to examine the experiences of primary teachers in teaching science during distance education. In the research, which was carried out using the case study design, which is one of the qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 primary school teachers who were determined based on the purposive sampling method. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the research findings, in the distance education process, most of the teachers adapted the strategy-method-techniques they used before according to the distance education process. Teachers have taken various measures to increase permanent learning, student motivation and interest. However, they also needed support during this process and had limited content development experience. It is all-important that teacher candidates are trained in terms of instructional technologies in primary school teacher training programs. In addition, if teachers need technological support, it is thought that appointing information technology teachers not only at secondary school level but also at primary school level institutions will contribute to the process in order to meet these needs.

The Reality of the Use of E-learning platforms in the Algerian Educational System: A Survey Study of a Sample of Primary School Learners in 2023

This paper aims to identify the reality of the use of e-learning platforms in Algeria for the primary school level, through a sample of learners. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher conducted scientific interviews that served the questions and objectives of the study, answered by a sample of 100 learners. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach to answer the study questions, where she concluded that there is a lack of use of e-learning platforms by learners due to the lack of the available platforms to meet their educational needs.

Learning beyond borders: lifelong learning and learning culture in Islamic institutions in the pursuit of quality education

Purpose The concept of lifelong learning and learning culture in education generally refers to the continuous acquisition of knowledge and skills throughout one's life, extending beyond formal education while learning culture is the creation of learning opportunities, resources and support systems that empower individuals to continuously enhance their knowledge and skills. Lifelong learning and a learning culture contribute significantly to the realization of SDG 4 by promoting inclusive, equitable and quality education that prepares individuals for a lifetime of learning and adaptation in a changing world. This paper aims to identify the level of understanding of school’s community regarding these concepts and measuring the implementation level and readiness of primary schools across Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Employing a mixed-methods approach, the initial qualitative phase involved interviewing teachers to know their level of understanding regarding the concept of lifelong learning and learning culture. The subsequent quantitative phase assessed the readiness and implementation level of 35 primary schools across Malaysia. Findings An interview that been done has successfully collected the viewpoints of teachers about lifelong learning and learning culture. A survey administered to primary schools affiliated with the MUSLEH organization affirmed the readiness and implementation level of schools in which it was found that most of the schools has high degree of awareness and understanding regarding the significance of the concepts to be implemented in the education system. Originality/value This study's contributions extend beyond academia, offering insights for educators and policymakers alike. The findings can inform education ministries, curriculum developers and stakeholders, aiding them in providing substantial support to educators aligning with the principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

High prevalence of hepatitis B and HIV among women survivors of sexual violence in South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

Limited data are available on the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among women survivors of sexual violence (WSSV) in South Kivu province, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where armed conflicts persist. Here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of these two infections in this vulnerable local population. A total of 1002 WSSV, aged from 18 to 70 years old were enrolled from May 2018 to May 2020 at three healthcare facilities (Panzi, Mulamba and Bulenga hospitals), which are called "The One-Stop Centre Care Model" for the management of sexual violence in South Kivu. Blood samples were collected and tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens and antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. Subsequently, viral load quantification for HBV and HIV were performed using the GeneXpert. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with HIV-positive and HBV-positive status. For HBV, overall prevalence was 8.9% (95% CI; 7.2-10.8%), 32.1% (95% CI; 29.3-35.0%), and 14.5% (95% CI; 12.3-16.8%) for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies, respectively. Among the 89 HBsAg-positive patients, 17 (19.1%) were HBeAg-positive. The median age of individuals with a positive HBsAg test was higher than those with a negative test (median: 40 years (IQR 30-52) compared to 36 years (IQR 24-48)). Risk factors for HBV infection were age (≥35 years) (AOR = 1.83 [1.02-3.32]; p = 0.041), having no schooling (AOR = 4.14 [1.35-12.62]; p = 0.012) or only primary school-level (AOR = 4.88 [1.61-14.75]; p = 0.005), and multiple aggressors (AOR = 1.76 [1.09-2.84], p = 0.019). The prevalence of HIV was 4.3% [95% CI: 3.1-5.7%]. HIV/HBV co-infection occurred only in 5 individuals (0.5%). The HBV viral load was detectable (> 1 log10 UI/mL) in 61.8% of HBsAg-positive subjects and 64.8% HIV-positive subjects had a high viral load (≥ 3 log10 copies/mL). This study revealed a high prevalence of HBV and HIV infections among WSSV in South Kivu. The results generated highlight the urgent need for systematic screening of HBV and HIV by integrating fourth-generation ELISA tests in HIV and HBV control programs.

Empowering Women: Family Life Education Program for Poverty Alleviation

The incidence of poverty in Indonesia has exhibited a marginal decrease, although it remains significantly distant from the desired objective and predominantly concentrated in rural regions. Efforts to reduce poverty should be optimized, particularly by prioritizing the economic empowerment of rural people and improving access to essential services. Poverty in Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, broadly impacted people's lives. Women in rural areas were a significantly affected group. It was among the five districts with the highest number of impoverished people in West Java. The study used secondary data analysis from 2005 to 2021 to understand poverty. This study employed a Concurrent Explanatory Design, which collected comprehensive interviews and statistical data. The researchers conducted interviews with the Head of the Neighborhood Association to gain insights into poverty at the local level. Additionally, they analyzed data from Statistics Indonesia on poverty, gender, and human development in Cianjur Regency from 2005 to 2021, spanning 16 years. The research sought to enhance comprehension of women's poverty in the region by integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Human development index levels were low in Cianjur Regency due to poor development and limited gender empowerment. On average, women in the region had only 5.75 years of education, equivalent to the primary school level. The Family Life Education program was needed to empower families through education and training that suited their needs in addressing this issue. Thus, it was expected to reduce poverty and improve the condition of women in the Cianjur District.