Primary Source Research Research Articles

AMAZONIA AMAPAENSE AND SCHOOL INCLUSION: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES OF STUDENTS TARGET AUDIENCE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN FULL-TIME SCHOOLS

This study investigated the implementation of school inclusion policies for students who are the target audience for special education in full-time schools in the Amazon region of Amapá, highlighting the main facilitators and barriers in this process. The research method is based on documentary research of primary sources, in a qualitative approach, focusing on public policies available at the State Department of Education (SEED) of Amapá. The data sources for this study included various documents, such as Pedagogical Plans, reports on specialized educational services (AEE), guidelines and public policies implemented by SEED-AP, as well as reports and questionnaires available at the management of implementation of full-time schools of SEED-AP. Data collection involved three stages: identification of documents on inclusion in full-time schools, access through requests and public platforms, and qualitative and quantitative analysis with descriptive statistics to summarize the information. The results indicate that, despite advances in public policies, the implementation of school inclusion faces significant challenges, such as the lack of adequate infrastructure, the shortage of trained professionals, and the absence of formal diagnoses of architectural barriers. Furthermore, the inequality in the distribution of resources accentuates regional disparities, limiting access to inclusive education in more isolated areas. It is concluded that, in order to achieve full and effective inclusion, it is necessary to strengthen the continuous training of professionals, improve school infrastructure and promote an equitable distribution of resources. The research suggests replicating effective inclusive practices identified in outstanding schools in the region.

The Global Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda

The Iberarchivos program, which is a financial fund for the implementation of archival projects, is a benchmark of archival cooperation in Ibero-America for archival development. Based on the perspectives of culture as a pillar of sustainable development advocated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Quadruple Bottom Line (QBL), the aim of this study is to present the contributions of the Iberarchivos program to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Methodologically, it is an applied, exploratory, and descriptive study in terms of objectives, as well as bibliographic and documentary research in primary sources as technical procedures. After a critical reading of each strategic plan for the Ibero-American partnership (PACCI) for the period of 2019 to 2026, all the initiatives related to the Iberarchivos program for the achievement of sustainable development will be identified and described to map the existence of sustainable practices and actions intended for the Ibero-American archives in their activities. This work has identified efforts and movements that highlight the relevance of guaranteeing the right of access to information, culture, and memory for citizenship and the objectives of the SDGs of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, as well as mobilization with other social sectors for the development and monitoring of cultural public policies. The conclusion of this research is that the contributions of the Iberarchivos program are essential for achieving the SDGs, consolidating the QBL, and, above all, the richness and diversity of Ibero-American culture in building sustainable knowledge for society in general and the archival community, as well as democratizing access to culture.

Этнокультурные особенности лингвокультуремы «французский сад» («jardin français»)

In less than a century, the stable concept of «French garden» is formed and consolidated, having become the result of the activity of very specific historical figures (André Lenôtre and Louis XIV) in the national consciousness of the French and in the language. The concept can be classified as a linguocultureme with a clearly expressed nationally colored semantic meaning. The article proposes to explore the ethnocultural features of the linguocultureme «French garden», as well as to determine its role and place in the national consciousness of the French, and to outline its influence on the formation of the French national picture of the world. The concept of «French garden» in the linguocultural aspect is not well-studied, which emphasizes the novelty of this work. The author conducts the research using a complex of scientific methods, including contextual-interpretive analysis, diachronic research, and analysis of linguistic and cultural objects. It is also worth noting that the author for the first time cites, in the author’s translation from French, primary sources of French scientific research and publications on the topic of landscape gardening, unknown to Russian readers. As a result of a comparison of theoretical generalization and analysis of linguistic material, the author comes to the conclusion that at certain stages of history, some concepts and traditions are formed in the collective consciousness of a nation, which can become elements of the cultural code and form the basis of the national linguistic picture of the world. Such a concept and a tradition stretching back centuries for the French is the desire to cultivate a garden, in which its aesthetic component acquires particular importance.

Levantamento documental sobre a vida e obras de pintura mural da artista brasileira Gilda Neuberger (1911-2011)

Gilda Gelmini Neuberger (1911-2011), with a career spanning more than 60 years, was one of the rare artists to produce frescoes in Brazil during the 20th century. She was probably also the only Brazilian artist to experiment this technique on unconventional supports, as well as false frescoes with a still ambiguous meaning for the artistic community. In Brazil, the artist was a pupil of Cândido Portinari and Edson Motta and, in Italy, of Bruno Saetti. This article is based on research of primary and secondary sources, including oral testimonies from people who lived with Gilda Neuberger or knew her work. The aim is to reveal her artistic career and evaluate the potential influences of her peers in her work. The article also details the execution process and highlights the originality of her frescoes in various media, which will be analytically investigated in the future.

Comprehensive sustainable development of a multifunctional machine: 3D food printer and didactic platform

ABSTRACT The development of machines explores the development of a manufacturing system. This perspective offers challenges adjacent to the materials, the product that wants to be manufactured, the technical considerations that must be covered during implementation and the manner of delivering the products to the user. This article addresses the design and development of machines, on the one hand the redesign of a multifunctional platform, and on the other hand a 3D food printer. The second is emphasised, since its main objective is to help the food problems that exist today. The design phases, aspects considered for its implementation such as food safety, the choice of the substrate, the functionality of the food, transportation and the pre- and post-processes required. In this manner, the selection and innovation of materials constitutes a primary source of innovation and research in the integral development of a 3D food printer. The main source of value of these both cases lie in customisation. The experiences of a multidisciplinary research team in the development processes are compiled and the design and creation process are shown, in order to contribute to deal with design and development to tackle fundamental problems of society.

Constructivist e-Portfolios Empowering Transformative Learning of English Language

The research about e-Portfolios has continued to increase exponentially, although much of the study is overlooking ground research in primary sources. In order to stimulate the need, in-depth analysis of e-Portfolios functions in transformative learning is constructed. Methodologically, this article employs thematic approach to analyse the transcript from two focus-group interviews into four themes. They include learning-focused behaviors,affective dimension, learning styles and Cognitive engagement. the findings reported.

The suburbanization of California’s deserts

ABSTRACT California’s deserts have been a frontier for Los Angeles for well over a century. Their exploitation by the “suburban metropolis” for resources, spatial fixes (externalities, such as undesirable land uses, waste and pollution, and unwanted residents), and investment of surplus capital has resulted in their dramatic growth and change. I argue that the most recent process of the deserts’ colonization is best understood as their suburbanization, a historical and contemporary process of exploitation and assimilation into the suburban metropolis. My goal is to analyze the process of suburbanization of the deserts, focusing both on their changing role as the frontier and spatial fix, and their shifting internal/local processes. I reviewed academic literature on U.S. and LA suburbs to understand the historical, social, and political contexts that produced desert suburbanization. I conducted primary and secondary source research, including interviews with desert residents, and descriptive statistical analysis of the desert suburbanization processes. I found that there are specific suburban processes and characteristics that have been exported to the deserts from LA, including balancing growth and quality of life, spatial and social segregation, and technocratic governance. I conclude that suburbanization of California’s deserts reproduces the same economic, political, social, and environmental inequalities plaguing LA and other U.S. cities.

Cultural Resistance and Collective Memory: The Impact of Nationalism of the Vargas Dictatorship on Hungarian Heritage in Jaraguá Do Sul - SC

This work encompasses an analysis of the dictatorship experienced in Brazil between 1937 and 1945, during the Estado Novo (New State), the government of Getúlio Vargas, when there was an attempt to consolidate a fictitious homogeneity in the country, especially regarding culture. In a country where layers of different cultural influences converge, making it rich, unique, and celebrated for its diversity, cultural heritage is of extreme importance. During this period, in a contradictory manner, through repression and adaptation of culture to fit the interests of the State, the period witnessed censorship and sometimes even the forgetting of cultural heritages that somewhat conflicted with the interests of the regime at the time. The issues that emerge are related to the impact of nationalism in the face of the repression of the expression of different cultures, through documentary research in primary sources, including publications in local newspapers and testimonials from descendants of the local community about the collective memory of the repression of the cultural expression of immigrants in the southern region, finally reaching the feelings generated that resonate to this day. The analysis reached a possible rupture and distortion of the collective memory, indicating how nationalism shaped and still shapes imagined communities. Amidst a discussion that also presents an analysis of the role of nationalist discourses in architecture and its homogenization.

The Lampung History According to Old Newspapers Collection at the National Library of Indonesia

This paper raises the theme of the history of Lampung in the old newspaper collection. The old newspaper collection is one of the rare collections in the National Library of Indonesia. Rare newspaper collections, apart from being a primary source in historical research, have other characteristics that are not shared by the collection of books or other collections in the National Library of Indonesia. This is the background of this research. This research used a descriptive analysis method. It observed and analyzed several collections of selected rare newspapers representing various periods from the Dutch colonial era, the Japanese occupation period, era of the independence revolution, and the old order government to the new order government period. The newspaper collections selected were those that contained information about Lampung from different periods. This is to prove that there are many traces of Lampung’s history in old newspaper collections and they are not minor sources of data. There is a lot of important data that can become primary sources for historical research on Lampung.
 Keywords: old newspapers, collection, library, Lampung, history, information-searching

Post- Civil War Developments in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and the Establishment of NATSINTA Army Barracks, Katsina, 1970-2020

The paper examines the post-Nigerian Civil War developments that led to the establishment of Natsinta Army Barracks, Katsina. Prior to 1966, the total strength of the Nigerian Army was merely 10,000. However, at the end of the war, the figure had risen to 250,000. This posed a serious challenge because the available barracks could not contain more than 10% of the personnel. In view of this, the Nigerian Army instructed the soldiers to leave the East because the region was saturated with artificial barracks. On the May 1, 1970 the 82-battalion arrived Katsina from Uli-Ahiala. They were accommodated at Sabongida, Gidan Kwakwa, Kayalwa, GRA and some hotels, as well as rented apartments in the city. By 1977, the project for a permanent barracks was completed at Natsinta Village. The barracks housed the 82 battalion and in 1996 the 35 battalion replaced them. The scope of the paper is 1970-2020 because it was in 1970 that 82 battalion arrived Katsina. The year 2020 is the terminal end of the paper because it was in that year that residential quarters for the personnel of 17 brigade was constructed in the barracks. The paper argues that the establishment of the barrack was a landmark in the history of modern Katsina metropolis. Natsinta had impacts on the socio-economic and security aspect of Katsina. Primary and secondary sources of historical research were used in writing this paper. Keywords: Natsinta, Sabongida, Katsina, Army Barracks, Battalion, Civil war.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CIVIL LIABILITY STANDARD OF MOTORSPORT SPORTS LEAGUES IN BRAZIL

Civil liability is a way of resolving patrimonial and extra-patrimonial compensation arising from an unlawful act, represented by an action or omission that causes harm to another, even if the damage is exclusively moral. The research sought to answer the problem found, namely: what is the responsibility of motorsport sports leagues in Brazil for accidents caused during races? Thus, the research had the general objective of defining the responsibility of motorsport sports leagues in Brazil for accidents caused during races. And specifically, analyze the general rules of civil liability provided for in the civil code; verify the agent's civil liability; examine the athlete's term of self-responsibility in motorsport sports leagues. The research modality chosen for the development of the theme is normative-legal empirical research, verifying the norms of the Brazilian Automobile Confederation with norms in force in the legal system, in a qualitative approach of the exploratory type in primary research sources (laws, norms, decrees) and secondary (books, articles, monographs, dissertations and theses). The research presents the application of the general rules of civil liability provided for in the civil code due to the lack of specific regulation by automobile confederations; and the feasibility of the sportsman's responsibility in relation to the civil liability of motorsport sports leagues. In conclusion to the research, it was demonstrated that it is necessary to provide for a normative closure in the statute to guarantee legal security within a sporting space, since it is a place where risk is imminent and is part of the activity, which can cause losses and damages.

Digital literacy for musicians: Navigating music streaming services for independent artists in Kenya

This paper explores the crucial role of digital literacy in the music industry, emphasising its specific relevance to independent artists in Kenya who rely on MSS for global exposure. The digitalisation of the music industry at the onset of the millennium has tremendously transformed the monetisation of music by not only granting artists unprecedented access to global markets but also enabling them to connect directly with their fans like never before. This transformation has prompted independent artists in Kenya to increasingly adopt music streaming services (MSS) as their primary platform for marketing and distributing their content. Therefore, digital literacy has become a vital skill that empowers artists to effectively utilise diverse digital tools, software, and MSS. Digital literacy equips artists with the knowledge to manage their online presence, engage with their audience on social media, and make data-informed decisions using algorithms, curation, and analytics. Through a combination of phenomenological primary research and secondary data sources, this study delves into the experiences of independent artists, shedding light on the challenges they face and the opportunities that MSS presents. By enhancing their digital literacy skills, these artists can increase not only their global reach but also their revenue streams, enabling them to thrive in the evolving soundscape of the music industry.

REKONSTRUKSI BIOGRAFI DAN KARYA KYAI IMAM BUKHORI JATINOM-BLITAR

Ancient manuscripts are a highly valuable cultural heritage. As one of the primary sources of research, of course we must appreciate its presence because it contributes to the development of the treasures of science and technology. Research that uses ancient manuscripts as the object of study has been increasingly carried out by scholars recently, both from within and outside the country. Speaking about Mbah Kyai Imam Bukhori Jatinom-Blitar, he cannot be separated from the long history that he has carved with his works. As far as the data that researchers can get, Mbah Kyai Imam Bukhori has many manuscripts that until now not many people know about. Because many have not been identified, let alone codified. This is a concern in itself and a solution must be found immediately, so that future generations can also enjoy the nation's cultural heritage. Remembering that manuscripts are a shortcut to bring the present closer to the past in a genuine way. The research methodology used is philological research, data collection tools by carrying out observations and recording. Philological research work steps include: determining research targets, manuscript inventory, observation, manuscript description, manuscript transliteration, text editing and translation, as well as manuscript content summary and content analysis

Small To Medium Enterpirses In The Digital Era On Line Shop Professional Community (Kaji) In East Java

Small To Medium Enterpirses In The Digital Era On Line Shop Professional Community (Kaji) In East Java. The contribution of SMEs has had an impact on the regional and national economy (Bunga, 2022), the growth and development of SMEs in Indonesia cannot be separated from the various challenges faced, the economic crisis that occurred at the end of 1997 brought multi-economic impacts, including SMEs (Tejasari, 2008), the impact of Covid 19 which occurred in early 2020, the impact of the global economy occurred as a whole. SMEs also felt the same impact with the independence that SMEs have, being able to overcome global economic challenges (Aksan, 2022), entering the digital era. East Java UKM (KAJI) is faced with online shop UKM must be able to take a role and control the market so that the existence of SMEs is not eroded by digitalization, especially online shops. Legitimacy theory focuses on interactions between companies and society based on legitimacy theory, namely that a "social contract" occurs between companies and the community where the company operates and uses economic resources. It explains the concept of social contract, all social institutions, including companies, operate in society through social contracts, both explicit and implicit, their survival and growth is based on what consists of, the final result (social output) provided to the wider community, the distribution of economic, social and political benefits. to groups according to their power (Gray, 2001). The research method used in the research is qualitative analysis of case studies. Single case case study is used to obtain data from various primary and secondary research sources (observations, artifacts, archives, documents, interviews, multiple sources), is a research strategy involving one or more cases (multi cases) creating theoretical constructions, middle range propositions or theories based on empirical fact cases (Eisenhardt, 1989). The results of the research and discussion can be concluded that the existence of East Java UKM (KAJI) is described as follows: a. Able to support the family economy as an alternative source of family income, b. The existence of KAJI East Java, facilitates UKMs to establish friendly relations between UKMs, c. Market opportunities are still limited. SMEs still have difficulty marketing SME products. e. The attention received by SMEs in business development and capital assistance has not been maximized, f. Lack of innovation and creativity among SMEs. Suggestions for the existence of SMEs should receive more attention, especially in policies that support the existence of SMEs, especially the policy of implementing online shops to ensure the continuity of the existence of SMEs.

Land Rights and Legislation: Uncovering the Veil of Property Law in Indonesia

This study examines the complex terrain of property rights in Indonesia, revealing gaps, historical trends, legislative impact, and theoretical insights. The method used is qualitative. Legal writings (constitutions, statutes, commentaries), court decisions, policy papers, and historical records relating to property and land rights law in Indonesia were considered as the primary research sources. Data were analysed using triangulation and N-Vivo. The results show that modern property law is the result of historical developments characterised by post-independence changes and colonial legacies. A careful balance is required to address the challenges posed by the encroachment of economic interests on legislative provisions intended to protect people's rights. The results show that modern property law is the result of historical developments characterized by post-independence changes and colonial legacies. A careful balance is required to address the challenges posed by the encroachment of economic interests on legislative provisions intended to protect people's rights. The weaknesses and contradictions found in the legislative framework highlight the need for flexible solutions to meet the changing demands of society. The intersection between Islamic law, state law and customary law is best understood through the lens of legal pluralism theory. The consequences for marginalized groups highlight the urgency to prioritize their rights, which requires community engagement and participatory legal reform. The theoretical implications of legal pluralism support it as an analytical instrument, and the comparative analysis places Indonesia in a global context and offers suggestions for useful policy responses. The study concludes by recommending a flexible legal framework, international cooperation, and further investigation to support a more inclusive and egalitarian understanding of land rights in Indonesia.

Ekdotika in tehnologija: elektronske znanstvenokritične izdaje slovenskega slovstva

The collection of critical editions eZISS came about with the connection of three elements: the awakening of interest in primary sources of Slovene literature; the intensive methodological introduction of the fundamental philosophical-historical sciences, particularly ecdotics or text criticism; and finally the use of contemporary open standards for electronic text encoding and processing. The article presents the points of departure and methods used in the preparation of scientific publications, in particular those methods employing electronic text encoding technology. The preparation of the publications is based on guidelines issued by the consortium Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), by which technological standards are linked with the classical philological methods of critical editions. This approach has also proved fruitful for the issuing of critical editions of Slovene literature, and it has stimulated more intensive interest in the research and publication of primary sources of Slovene literature.

Fundação Itaú Social, Renaissance 2010, desigualdades e segregação: análise crítica da aplicação do modelo educacional estadunidense no Brasil

Abstract This article performs a critical analysis of the projects advocated by business organizations that propose public education policies in Brazil (in this case, the Itaú Social Foundation). To this end, the article presents, based on documents signed by the FIS, how this institution defends that measures implemented in the U.S. (such as Chicago’s Renaissance 2010) serve as a model for the country. Then, based on quantitative and qualitative data, derived from bibliographic research in primary and secondary sources in Brazil and the USA, the paper discusses results of these projects in their place of origin (especially Chicago). Thus, it is shown how, contrary to what their proponents indicate, such guidelines can be related to the maintenance and worsening of social issues, such as racial segregation. Finally, the paper demonstrates that, despite these reforms being presented as the expression of a social consensus, in the USA, the school community has led intense mobilizations against them. Therefore, considering this scenario, the article reflects how the insistence on maintaining these guidelines is not justified by data, but by the political and economic interest of capital and its institutions.

Methodological potential of phenomenology and hermeneutics in research on valeological, rehabilitation and physiotherapeutic activities

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the methodological potential of hermeneutics and phenomenology in modern specific scientific research on valeological, rehabilitation and physiotherapeutic activities, highlighting the substantive and functional features of phenomenology and hermeneutics in rehabilitation practice. Materials and Methods: The basis of scientific research is the method of historical-philosophical analysis. In working with texts, the general methodological basis was the acquisition of historical-critical and systemic-structural approaches. Also, the interdisciplinary approach played a leading role in the work, which within the scope of the study involves the synthesis of not only the norms of scientific research of primary sources, but also theoretical ideas and principles that determine the directions of the object’s research. Conclusions: It was established that hermeneutics and phenomenology have significant methodological potential in valeological, rehabilitation and physiotherapeutic research. It has been proven that the problem of understanding is of particular importance in rehabilitation activities. With the help of hermeneutics, it is possible to create a bridge for effective communication between the rehabilitation doctor and the patient.

“Students find corporate reforms absurd”: Bryn Mawr Student’s Mobilization for Divestment from Apartheid South Africa

In 1986, Bryn Mawr College’s endowment held $8 million or 8.33% of its $96 million endowment in investments tied to Apartheid in South Africa. In line with other major US institutions who believed they must act moral in the face of violent and exploitative system of racial discrimination, the Board of Trustees, the governing body that oversees college operations and finances, proposed a plan in 1985 to divest from subsidiaries of their stock in South Africa if Apartheid was still in place 24 months later in 1987. This came at the tail end of the international movement to oppose and end Apartheid through economic pressures. Bryn Mawr students would reject this plan, occupying buildings and mobilizing campus to disrupt Board meetings. Students said they would not rest until full divestment. Their movement held a shared commitment to ending Apartheid in South Africa and to ending racism in the United States. This paper narrates how the social and economic movements against Apartheid panned out at Bryn Mawr College in the 1980s. Based on my original primary source research at Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges’ special collections, I uncover the tactics and frameworks of the student movement to divest as well as the college’s response. Inevitably, the administration took partial measures to accommodate some of the demands of the student movement for divestment. The nexus between the student movement for divestment and the college administration took new heights in 1986. In this year, the students rejected the college’s newly presented plan for divestment, as they understood it as a mere palliative measure in the face of the violence and racism of Apartheid. To understand the student zeitgeist at the time , I illuminate the historical context of the movement against Apartheid by situating it in relation to the preceding anti-War and Civil Rights movements. The later era of activism precipitated into the New Left movement, which was a radical student movement grounded in ideas of political and economic democracy. I provide readers with a primer on the foundations of ethical investment in South Africa. The college’s plan embodied the corporate responsibility ethos of the 80s, which sought to maintain capitalism and pacify very popular alternatives through modest reforms. These principles undergirded Bryn Mawr College’s eventual divestment strategy, which sought to maintain profit and to make a statement about their opposition to the political system of Apartheid. To make this argument, I draw on archival discussions of corporate responsibility politics and the theory of change they espouse which forwarded reform through pressuring the companies they held stock in. I engage in an analysis of discourses emerging from a school-sponsored trip to South Africa in the winter of 1986, which was dubbed a “Peace Mission Fact Finding Trip.” This analysis is essential to understanding student and faculty perspectives, as there was not a consensus on the subject. In the end, Bryn Mawr adopted a divestment plan that was in the name of corporate responsibility. They wrote letters to the corporations they held stock in who had subsidiaries in South Africa, and asked what they were going to do to end Apartheid. The school sold $651,558 in 1986 of stock from the 5 companies, a mere 0.67% of the total endowment.

Konseptualisasi Pendidikan Keluarga berbasis Syariah sebagai Strategi Meningkatkan Ketahanan Keluarga di Era Globalisasi

This research will focus on sharia-based education, to offer a conceptualization of sharia-based family education as a strategy to increase family resilience. Several formulations will be discussed in this research. First: The concept of sharia-based family education. Second; Sharia-based family education strategy in improving the quality of family resilience. Third: sharia values ​​and principles as the conceptual basis of family education. This research uses a qualitative approach, using literature as the primary source of research. The conceptualization strategy for Sharia-based family education can be carried out by internalizing Islamic values, including internalizing Islamic values, Sharia-based character education, role empowerment, Sharia-compliant gender, Islamic financial education, Islamic-based children's education, parental involvement in education, use Technology Wisely, and a Flexible Approach to Social Change.