Primary Research Material Research Articles

The distribution of village names based on pre-Christian Finnic personal names in the northern Baltic Sea area

The article studies pre-Christian Finnic anthroponyms and their spread in the northern Baltic Sea area at the end of Middle Ages (c. AD 1520). This is done by analysing village names based on pre-Christian Finnic personal name elements. The primary research material consists of various editions of documents from the 15th and 16th centuries. The analysis demonstrates that village names based on pre-Christian Finnic anthroponyms are most densely located in Varsinais-Suomi, Häme, Northern and Eastern Estonia, Southern Karelia, the Karelian Isthmus and Eastern Ingria. The first four areas are home to significant Iron Age settlements. It seems that the use of the pre-Christian Finnic name elements under investigation originally started in these areas and spread eastwards.

American Sermons, Series 1 & 2, 1652‐1819

American Sermons is one of the latest offerings from Readex, which describes itself as a publisher of “many of the most widely used collections of primary source research materials in academic libraries” (<<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.readex.com/who-we-are-what-we-do">https://www.readex.com/who-we-are-what-we-do</ext-link>>). This database contains over 8,000 sermons and tools to analyze quickly across multiple original source documents.There are a handful of other sermon indexes and full-text databases, both Open Access and subscription-based; this product offers several robust and unique features that help to set it apart from others of its kind.

Tourist Clusters as a Factor in Activating Cross-Border Spatial Development

Tourism is one of the factors of local economic development and cross-border cooperation on EU borders, reducing the risk of economic recession in those areas. The purpose of the article is to reveal trends in the development of cross-border tourism on the Polish-Belarusian border and to verify the following research issues: 1) whether the economic sanctions introduced by EU countries on Russia after 2014 reduced cross-border traffic on the Polish-Belarusian section of the EU border; 2) to what extent the tourist potential of the Polish-Belarusian region corresponds to the demand in the modern European market; 3) how the new visa-free travel mechanisms activate tourist markets; 4) to what extent tourism stimulates the development of new forms of urban growth in the cultural landscapes of the cross-border region. The process of shaping tourism clusters as a form of the spatial organisation of tourism development in cross-border regions was analysed using analytical and synthetic methods. The research area covers the eastern border of Poland on the section of its border with Belarus. The primary research and empirical materials were obtained from the Central Statistical Office of Poland and the Statistical Committee of Belarus on tourism on the eastern border of Poland in the years 2015–2018. An investigation of the subject literature and source documents, as well as field observations and statistical analyses, were carried out. Particular attention was paid to the creation of a visa-free regime region in the special tourist zones of “Brest” and “Grodno” in the border regions of Belarus.

Towards a shared vision of language, language learning, and a school project in emergence

ABSTRACT Technology development allows new ways of communication, learning and collaboration. This is reflected in the professional scenarios of language teaching. Modern curricula value participants’ interest and meaningful (inter)action as a basis for learning. Sensitivity is important in anticipating participants’ changing needs in modern learning environments, characterised by linguistic and technological hybridity, as well as novel pedagogical approaches. Language students, more familiar with teaching in the traditional classroom, need to appropriate new practices to orchestrate learning in settings requiring multiple activities simultaneously. This study explores how language students learn to manage complex pedagogical situations during a university course in which they create an online project for school children. During online chat sessions administered for the school pupils, the university lecturer’s office was an important site for negotiating and acting on pedagogical issues as well as practical matters arising from the work at hand. Nexus analysis was used as a research approach. Primary research materials include video recordings from the university lecturer’s office, chatlogs and reflection papers from students. The study is relevant for reconceptualising the changing roles of (language) teachers and provides new perspectives for language teacher education in a technology-rich world.

Konsep Keadilan Ekonomi Islam Dalam Sistem Ekonomi: Sebuah Kajian Konsepsional

Justice is a benchmark in an economics system. In the application of the modern economic system like the capitalist economic system and the socialist economic system, there are many injustices to the people. Problems that make it unfair are, many social inequalities between communities it makes a lot of poverty or unemployment in the country. Therefore, we need an economic system that can be a solution for people’s welfare, we call with Islamic Economics System. The type of this research is library research category, it’s a research by using the literature. The writing method is descriptive qualitative by using a primary reference source and processing research materials in the library like a book, news, and others. The purpose of this research is to discuss the concept of justice and the application of justice concepts in the economic system, especially in Islamic economics. From the discussion that has been done in this research, we can conclude that the concept of justice has two contexts, both are the individual context and the social context. As the individual context, in the Muslim activity of economics, they must not hurt themself. But in the social context, every Muslim required to not fool the others. The application of the justice concept in Islamic economics system is nothing of economic inequality between one person and another person. The Islamic economics system also prohibits any kind of injustice economics like monopoly and concentration of economic power in one particular group or person. Also with the capitalist system and the socialist system which tends to not prosper the community in the country.

Gaming Algorithmic Hate-Speech Detection: Stakes, Parties, and Moves

A recent strand of research considers how algorithmic systems are gamed in everyday encounters. We add to this literature with a study that uses the game metaphor to examine a project where different organizations came together to create and deploy a machine learning model to detect hate speech from political candidates’ social media messages during the Finnish 2017 municipal election. Using interviews and forum discussions as our primary research material, we illustrate how the unfolding game is played out on different levels in a multi-stakeholder situation, what roles different participants have in the game, and how strategies of gaming the model revolve around controlling the information available to it. We discuss strategies that different stakeholders planned or used to resist the model, and show how the game is not only played against the model itself, but also with those who have created it and those who oppose it. Our findings illustrate that while “gaming the system” is an important part of gaming with algorithms, these games have other levels where humans play against each other, rather than against technology. We also draw attention to how deploying a hate-speech detection algorithm can be understood as an effort to not only detect but also preempt unwanted behavior.

STUFEN THEORY AS A BASIC ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL STANDING OF THE MINISTERIAL REGULATION AND ITS RELATION TO THE EXECUTION OF THE LOCAL REGULATION

<em>Law is a set of regulations that contain a kind of unity that we understand through a system, as one form of this realization through Article 22A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The legal force binds a regulation in accordance with the hierarchy as referred to in Article 7 of the Law Number 15 of 2019 on the Establishment of Laws and Regulations (hereinafter Law Number 15 of 2019), but in line with Law Number 15 of 2019, it does not recognize the legal standing of the Ministerial Regulation. This research focuses on analyzing and finding answers to questions about the legal standing and characteristics of Ministerial Regulations in the Hierarchy of Statutory Regulations in Indonesia. The research method with a normative juridical approach, prioritizes library research and its implementation in practice. Research specifications are descriptive. The research phase is carried out through library research, collecting secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and field research materials to obtain primary data as a support. The theory put forward by Hans Kelsen through Stufen Theory and Adolf Merkl’s theory through (Das Doppelte Rechtsantlitz) as a basic analysis to study the legal standing and characteristics of the Ministerial Regulation. In line with the Law 9 of 2015 on the Local Government that Ministerial Regulations are above Provincial, Regency / City Regional Regulations, thus Ministerial Regulations may not conflict with Presidential Regulations and Government Regulations and provide guidelines for Provincial, District / City Regulations in determining the local regulations</em>

THE ROLE OF THE CONTRARIUS ACTUS PRINCIPLE IN OVERSIGHT OF THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS

<em>The term contrarius actus principle is deemed not to exist in Law Number 17 of 2013 on Community Organizations (hereinafter to as CSOs) so that it explicitly states that the Perppu of CSOs contains the principle of contrarius actus in its application. The existence of this principle as referred to in the consideration of the Public Order Perppu lies in the process of applying sanctions where the process is part of the follow-up process of supervisory actions carried out by government officials. Thus, that role in terms of supervision should be studied more deeply in connection with the growth and development of community organizations at this time. The research method with a normative juridical approach, prioritizes library research and its implementation in practice. Research specifications are descriptive. The research phase is carried out through library research, collecting secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and field research materials to obtain primary data as support. Based on the analysis conducted by the author regarding the role of the principle of contrarius actus in monitoring the growth and development of community organizations, the author raises the role of the principle of contrarius actus in terms of supervision of CSOs as the application of sanctions in the form of administrative sanctions, which are emphasized by the role of responding or reacting to non-compliance with provisions the provisions contained in the decision which in this case are ratification as registered CBOs and also ratification of CSOs as legal entities, in other words that the placement of sanctions in the case of mass organization supervision is a follow-up to the results of monitoring and evaluation by external supervisors with the aim that can control the initial purpose of the establishment of a mass organization that is in accordance with the objectives of the state and national development.</em>

Negotiating Employee Contracts Case Study Review Negotiations and Conflict Resolution

This paper is a review of a case study in human resource management with a slant towards the legal aspect of contract of employment and renegotiation of contracts. As none of the authors is a lawyer, the paper is reviewed from the managerial rather than from the legal point of view. Cindy is the lady employee in question who worked for a company for many years and never thought that a time would come when her employer would transfer her to a far off and forlorn place in the midst of nowhere. Her relocation puts her off and she thought she had been unfairly treated by her employer. In the analysis of the issues at stake in the scenario, the authors came to the conclusion that both Cindy and her employers had merit in their case should they go to court for adjudication and pronouncement of a verdict. Cindy on her part did not follow due process at the onset to ask questions about her job. It seemed also that her employers on their part did not do full disclosure about the nature of the job and the need to relocate staff when necessary. The authors decided to use the exploratory approach methodology in this case study review as there was not much information in the scenario to go by. The case study method has been found to be a suitable method of research that enables a phenomenon to be examined closely at a micro level so that knowledge from a small sample can be extended to cover generalizations of all similar cases, using the deductive and inductive approaches. Therefore the authors made some assumptions and used the deductive and inductive approach to arrive at logical conclusions. This article is therefore a narrative article and a commentary that does not include any primary research material. Readers are free to come to their own conclusions on the merit of the case as the main objective of the authors of this article is to generate knowledge for academic discourse. Human Resource practitioners and theoreticians will hopefully find the article stimulating food for thought and pertinent to their work.

Bridging the gap: the use of STEM and pre-medical journal clubs in undergraduate education

Journal clubs provide a platform that uses primary literature to facilitate student transitions into professional life. The use of journal clubs, particularly those related to the STEM and medical fields, is common practice among many graduate institutions and medical programs. Reading and understanding primary literature has been shown to positively impact academic outcomes and future careers of graduate students who participate in journal clubs. However, there remains a lack of exposure to primary literature at the undergraduate level, often due to constraints within traditional classroom education. Limited exposure to scholarly articles as an undergraduate student can lead to voids in education and knowledge acquisition, especially for those continuing on to graduate or professional school. Undergraduate journal clubs are an easy and effective way to expose students to primary literature and increase their familiarity and understanding of primary research material. Such learning can improve students’ critical evaluation and problem-solving skills, boost confidence in sharing ideas and partaking in their own scholarly research, and also better prepare them for continued education and future careers in STEM and medical fields.

EJT editorial standard for the semantic enhancement of specimen data in taxonomy literature

This paper describes a set of guidelines for the citation of zoological and botanical specimens in the European Journal of Taxonomy. The guidelines stipulate controlled vocabularies and precise formats for presenting the specimens examined within a taxonomic publication, which allow for the rich data associated with the primary research material to be harvested, distributed and interlinked online via international biodiversity data aggregators. Herein we explain how the EJT editorial standard was defined and how this initiative fits into the journal’s project to semantically enhance its publications using the Plazi TaxPub DTD extension. By establishing a standardised format for the citation of taxonomic specimens, the journal intends to widen the distribution of and improve accessibility to the data it publishes. Authors who conform to these guidelines will benefit from higher visibility and new ways of visualising their work. In a wider context, we hope that other taxonomy journals will adopt this approach to their publications, adapting their working methods to enable domain-specific text mining to take place. If specimen data can be efficiently cited, harvested and linked to wider resources, we propose that there is also the potential to develop alternative metrics for assessing impact and productivity within the natural sciences.

Defending Ukraine at the Rear of the Armed Conflict in Donbas: Wartime Vigilantism in Odesa (2014–2018)

This article analyzes the phenomenon of vigilantism in Odesa, at the rear of the war in Donbas and in the context of a radical redeployment of the Ukrainian state and a redistribution of violence between state and nonstate actors. This analysis is threefold. The first part provides a sociological account of vigilante groups and their members’ social backgrounds. It argues that vigilantism in Odesa has attracted people from four social backgrounds (businessmen, former combatants or security officers, far-right activists, and young people), relies on force-based actions, and implies an intense socialization of vigilantes’ bodies into the use of weapons and combat sports. The second part presents the three social roles of vigilantes—as national community guards, patrolling agents, and justice makers—and explores their associated practices. It shows that an apparently disinterested promotion of public good by vigilantes (security, order, justice) sometimes turns out to be for the benefit of private interests. The third part explores the complex relationship—fluctuating from numerous exchanges of services to a direct confrontation—between vigilante groups and local political and economic elites. Finally, this article argues that the ongoing war has increased the value of vigilantes’ paramilitary resources and has provided them with a large measure of social recognition as a necessary and acceptable response to the armed conflict and its hybrid threats. However, this does not exclude public controversies around vigilantism and questions concerning the challenges it represents for the Ukrainian state. This article draws on anthropological approaches to vigilantism, as well as the sociology of violence and crisis situations (political crises, revolutions, intrastate wars); it relies on a combination of primary ethnographic research and secondary materials. Article in English DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2019-11-3-71-104

Role of dentist in genetic counseling: A critical appraisal of the current practices and future requirements in Indian scenario

Genetic disorders are showing an upward trend. The social and economic impact of genetic disorders on individual, family and society is enormous. There is an urgent need to explore alternate strategies to mitigate the burden of genetic disorders. This is especially true with regard to developing countries such as India where there is a shortage of health personnel adequately trained in genetic counseling at present. Dental professionals have a unique opportunity to observe the development of preadolescent and adolescent patients during periods when important growth and development changes occur. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature on the role of dentist in genetic counseling with a critical appraisal on the current practices among dentists on genetic services in India, the need, scope, and future requirements. The literature on genetic services and genetic counseling was identified by searching the biomedical databases for primary research material by one investigator over a period of 8 weeks. The articles related to dentist's role in genetic counseling were assessed and discussed in the present review. A total of 239 resource materials were retrieved in the initial search. The literature from these sources was thoroughly scrutinized by the authors, and the literature (review articles, descriptive studies, or any form of study) focusing on role of dentist in genetic counseling was finally considered for critical appraisal in the present review. The role of genetics in health and oral health care has not received due attention of the dental practitioners who otherwise are in a crucial position in identifying the patients with genetic disorders and offer requisite counseling and referral to designated genetic centers. The short training courses for practicing dentists, faculty members, and a small change in dental curriculum to make provision for teaching genetics to undergraduate students may go a long way in filling the void created by these obstacles.

Acuity of Morality in Dental Practice Management

Dentistry is a health-care profession, provides oral care as physician does. Currently, due to transient transformation in dental practice, dentistry reached its zenith level. In this segment, moral and legal aspect is one of the leading concerns in dental practice management. The duties of dentist are allied with many confront along with regulations of moral and legal compliance. The aim of this article is to endow with uncomplicated explanations of dissimilar attitude and knowledge of morality that might affect the dental profession as a whole. The literature on acuity of morality in dental practice management was identified by searching the biomedical databases as a primary research material. The databases were searched for publications from 2001 to 2016, with key articles obtained primarily from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. The literature for the present review was obtained from the following sources such as published articles, unpublished literature, internet news clippings, and online manuals and books.

Historical holdings and new dimensions: The Fashion Institute of Technology-SUNY Library Unit of Special Collections and College Archives

The Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT)-SUNY Gladys Marcus Library's exquisite, rare, primary research materials are housed in its unit of Special Collections and College Archives; as such, it is known to those who study fashion and other creative industries throughout the world.Like the unit's name, its mission is two-fold: regarding special collections, it acquires, preserves, and provides access to a wide range of primary research materials in their original formats and across many languages and geographical spectra. All acquisitions support one or more curricula offered at FIT. Regarding the college archives, the unit acquires, preserves, and provides access to college records permanently-scheduled for retention, or deemed to have enduring, historical value, created or received in the course of college business; archival records are created or received by administrators, staff, faculty, and students. Fulfilling this mission supports myriad goals in and across FIT units as well as research from those outside the FIT community.This writer will introduce the collections to readers and briefly discuss the large-scale renovation that the unit is currently under-going.

Bridging big data and qualitative methods in the social sciences: A case study of Twitter responses to high profile deaths by suicide

With the rise of social media, a vast amount of new primary research material has become available to social scientists, but the sheer volume and variety of this make it difficult to access through the traditional approaches: close reading and nuanced interpretations of manual qualitative coding and analysis. This paper sets out to bridge the gap by developing semi-automated replacements for manual coding through a mixture of crowdsourcing and machine learning, seeded by the development of a careful manual coding scheme from a small sample of data. To show the promise of this approach, we attempt to create a nuanced categorisation of responses on Twitter to several recent high profile deaths by suicide. Through these, we show that it is possible to code automatically across a large dataset to a high degree of accuracy (71%), and discuss the broader possibilities and pitfalls of using Big Data methods for Social Science.

Aesthetics as metaphysical meaning-making in the face of death

In my ethnographic research on death and dying in contemporary Finland, I explore how Finns facing end of life due to a long-term illness or other terminal condition seek to orient themselves and make meaning with cultural tools such as imagery, language, and metaphysical thinking. My primary research material is based on extensive fieldwork at Terhokoti Hospice and in the cancer clinic of Helsinki University Hospital, where I have had numerous conversations with terminally ill patients. This paper seeks to explore the way in which metaphysical aesthetics is assuming the role that religious thinking has traditionally played. When the role of institutional religion is diminishing, it becomes important to understand how emotional and spiritual resolution can be arrived at by means of aesthetics.

Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity of rosuvastatin against melanoma cells.

IntroductionStatins are considered potential candidate agents for melanoma chemoprevention. Statin-induced mevalonate pathway inhibition leads to reduction of cholesterol synthesis and also to decreased cellular levels of non-steroidal isoprenoids, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate. This results in the impairment of protein prenylation which affects carcinogenesis.AimTo analyze anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity of rosuvastatin against melanoma cells.Material and methodsMelanoma cell lines (A375 and WM1552C) and normal fibroblasts (BJ) were used as the primary research material. Cells were treated with rosuvastatin at concentrations ranging from 0.01 µM to 10 µM. Cell viability was analyzed with the use of an MTT assay. Expression of proliferation marker Ki67 was assessed on the basis of immunofluorescence staining.ResultsRosuvastatin reduced A375 and BJ cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After 72 h incubation, the IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration, was 2.3 µM for melanoma cells and 7.4 µM for normal fibroblasts. In turn, rosuvastatin exhibited relatively lower activity against WM1552C cells. A significant reduction of Ki67 expression was also noted for BJ fibroblasts after prolonged incubation with the tested drug.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the anti-melanoma properties of rosuvastatin are highly dependent on the tumor cell line assessed. However, the concentrations required to decrease melanoma cell viability in vitro exceed the plasma concentrations reached in patients treated with rosuvastatin at well-tolerated doses. What is more disturbing, reduction of proliferation and viability observed in BJ fibroblasts indicated that rosuvastatin at high doses may be toxic for normal cells.

Stuyvesant Bound: An Essay on Loss across Time

Stuyvesant Bound: An Essay on Loss across Time

The green economy, sustainability transitions and transition regions: a case study of boston

This article is focused upon exploring the development of the green economy in particular locations, with the aim of identifying why some cities and regions have been successful in engendering green growth. To date we have little idea where the green economy is developing, nor much insight, beyond anecdotal evidence, into why certain cities and regions appear to be more successful than others in this regard. We position our analysis within the context of research on socio‐technical transitions that has theorized the potential shift to a more sustainable economy. We review the literature on sustainability transitions and the development of the multi‐level perspective encompassing niches, regimes and landscapes. However, most research into socio‐technical transitions has not given adequate consideration to the influence of places and spatial scale in these transition processes, and we therefore critique the socio‐technical transitions literature from a geographical perspective. In this article we are interested in four key questions. What role does the enabling and facilitative state play in these cities and regions? What new institutional forms and governance structures are being developed? How do actors in particular cities and regions construct their green vision, and how do they encourage other actors to buy‐in to this vision? How are links across levels and spatial scales developed to connect niches with the regime? We address these through a focus upon the Boston city‐region in the USA, drawing upon both primary and secondary research material. We utilize this case study example to re‐examine and re‐theorize work on sustainability transitions from a spatial perspective.