Pure Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Pure primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma with homologous recombination deficiency: a case report

Pure primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma with homologous recombination deficiency: a case report

Acute cholecystitis as the first manifestation of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder; a case report

Background. SCC of the gallbladder is characterized by more rapid and invasive growth with infiltration of the adjacent organs and less spread to the lymph nodes compared to adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. It is a rare neoplasm that accounts for 1.4–12.7 % of gallbladder tumors. SCC of the gallbladder has a poor prognosis. symptoms usually appear later when the disease has progressed and the malignancy has reached advanced stages. therefore, usually, the patients expire soon following the diagnosis. the etiology of the SCC of the gallbladder is complex and is mostly associated with gallstones. Case description. We report a case of a 56-year-old man that had been suffering from colicky abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant for about two weeks before his admission. He did not have nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, fever, lack of appetite, or weight loss. after evaluation, a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was established and antibiotic therapy was initiated. However, he did not respond to medical therapy and underwent surgery. A tumor mass was detected during surgery. therefore, cholecystectomy and extended right hepatectomy were performed. The pathological evaluation of the biopsy specimen revealed squamous cell carcinoma. consequently, he underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy and was followed up for two years. He acquired complete tumor remission. Conclusion. The present case highlights the requirement of considering further investigation on the histogenesis of SCC of the gallbladder.

Patterns of care and treatment outcomes in locoregional squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate.

260 Background: Primary pure prostate squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare, aggressive disease accounting for less than 0.5-1% of prostate cancer diagnoses. PSCC is a distinct entity from adenocarcinoma with historically poor outcomes, often presenting in younger patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and normal PSA. There are currently no established treatment guidelines. Case reports are limited but describe multiple treatment approaches including various combinations of surgery, platinum and non-platinum-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy, with selected reports showing longer survival times with a combined modality approach. Methods: Seeking to identify practice patterns and treatment outcomes, we performed a retrospective analysis of the United States National Cancer Database to identify 66 males with locoregional, nonmetastatic primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate and treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy between 2004 and 2015. Clinical factors in analysis included pretreatment PSA, clinical T-stage, histology, treatment modality and demographic factors including age, comorbidity index, race, insurance status and treatment facility type. Patients were stratified into treatment groups consisting of local therapy alone (n = 40, 60%), local therapy and chemotherapy (n = 13, 20%), chemotherapy alone (n = 7, 11%), and observation (n = 6, 9%). Survival analysis was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed with log-rank testing. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between patient characteristics and survival. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify covariates associated with receipt of each treatment modality. Results: With an overall median follow-up of 21.9 months, median survival was 19.7 months for patients treated with local therapy alone, 10.9 months with chemotherapy alone, and 36.5 months with combined local therapy and chemotherapy. Overall survival was not statistically significant between treatment groups. Statistically significant predictors of death included age (HR 1.1, 95% CI [1.03-1.17]) and clinical stage ≥T3a (HR 4.05, 95% CI [1.35-12.2]). Statistically significant predictors of receipt of chemotherapy were clinical stage T3a or greater (OR 34.6, 95% CI [2.65-364]) and age (OR 0.91, 95% CI [0.82-99]). Conclusions: This analysis represents the largest reported cohort analysis of locoregional pure PSCC. Unfortunately, due to the rarity of this disease, prospective or randomized trials to determine the optimal treatment strategy are not feasible. Despite limitations in sample size, and in the absence of prospective data, this analysis suggests the addition of chemotherapy to local therapy is a reasonable treatment approach in appropriately selected patients and may result in improved survival.

S1417 Painless Jaundice: A Case of Primary Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract with the majority of cases are adenocarcinoma (AC). Pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gallbladder (GB) is extremely rare and accounts for only around 0.5 - 3% of all GB cancers. The initial presentation of these cases varies significantly due to its rarity. We, therefore, present a case of painless jaundice due to SCC of the gallbladder. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: The patient is a 78-year-old man who presented with a 3-day history of painless jaundice. Accompanied by dark urine and clay-colored stools. He denied notable weight loss, night sweats, nausea, or vomiting. Hepatic function panel was significant for ALT 686, AST 483, Alkaline Phosphatase 1183, total bilirubin 25.6, and direct bilirubin 20.6. MRCP revealed intrahepatic biliary dilatation, a 7 mm cystic structure at the level of the head of the pancreas, and diffuse gallbladder thickening. ERCP was attempted, however, aborted due to distorted anatomy secondary to distorted anatomy. Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated an irregular hypoechoic mass of 45 mm × 40 mm at the level of the gallbladder. Fine needle aspiration was consistent with squamous cell carcinoma. On further evaluation by multidisciplinary committee, it demonstrated invasion into the duodenum therefore surgical resection was not feasible decided to proceed with palliative radiation. DISCUSSION: Most of the published literature on pure SCC of the gallbladder is based on case reports and case series. SCC of the GB is thought to be due to keratinization of the columnar lining of the GB due to chronic repeated irritants, like cholelithiasis. Therefore, populations more prone to developing stones are thought to be higher in incidence, with a known female predominance. We described the rare presentation of painless jaundice in an elderly male with locally invasive SCC of the GB. The survival rates of SCC of the GB are significantly lower (mean: 5 months) compared to AC of the GB (mean survival: 11.4 months). As most of these lesions are advanced at presentation, rendering them unresectable (70–90%), resulting in poor prognoses. A standard regimen of chemotherapy for squamous-cell gallbladder cancer does not exist and, the only definite curative measure is resection. Therefore, while encountering painless jaundice it is important to consider carcinomas of the GB, as earlier detection of these cancers can open greater opportunities for curative resection.Figure 1.: Irregular malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and glassy keratinizing cytoplasm positive for p63 consistent with Squamous cell carcinoma.Figure 2.: Irregular malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and glassy keratinizing cytoplasm positive for p63 consistent with Squamous cell carcinoma.Figure 3.: Endoscopic Ultrasound: 45 mm × 40 mm irregular mass with poorly defined borders at the level of the gallbladder.

Primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gall bladder – a case report of rare and aggressive entity with adverse prognosis

Introduction. The most common malignancy of the biliary tract is gall bladder carcinoma and the main subtype according to the histological classification is Adenocarcinoma. Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gall bladder is very rare entity accounting for only 1.1-3.7% of the gall bladder carcinomas. It is highly malignant with poor prognosis due to high proliferative rate and local invasiveness to the adjacent organs. The patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a bulky tumor owing to its aggressive behavior. Aim. In this paper, we describe a female patient with primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gall bladder. Description of the case. A 42-year old female patient presented with chief complaints of pain in abdomen associated with nausea and vomiting and gradually progressive jaundice since 02 months. Contrast Enhancing Computed Tomography (CECT) abdomen showed an enhancing mass lesion in gall bladder involving adjacent organs for which she underwent extended cholecystectomy with pancreaticoduodenectomy. Conclusion. Diagnosis as well as the management of this exceptionally rare type of tumour is undoubtedly challenging because of non-specific clinical as well as imaging findings. This case report is an attempt to add to the literary evidence for better pathological as well as clinical understanding of this rare and aggressive entity thereby providing additional material for the early diagnosis as well as the development of effective targeted therapies which will certainly help in increasing the lifespan of these patients.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma: A case report

Pure primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is extremely rare. SCC can also arise in a mature cystic teratoma or dermoid cyst, in an ovarian endometrioma or in a brenner’s tumor, but such malignant transformations are also quite rare. Development of SCC in a mature cystic teratoma (MCT) has been reported sporadically in less than 2% cases only. Here in our present study, we are reporting such a rare case of 65 years old postmenopausal woman who was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma developed in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary at our institute. This diagnosis was given on the basis of clinical (patient’s history and examination), radiological (CT scan) and pathological (histopathology report) findings. We are also going to discuss other similar cases with review of literature. The only aim of this present study is to share our experience of such rare diagnosis with others.

Primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the duodenum: a case report and review of literature

Abstract Primary pure squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the duodenum are very uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases of SCC of the duodenum exist in the reported literature. Here, we report a case of SCC of the duodenum in northern China. A 45-year-old Chinese Han male patient presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. CT, endoscopic examinations, X-rays, and immunohistochemical markers were used to confirm this rare diagnosis of SCC. We performed a pancreaticoduodenectomy with a curative intention. However, histological examination revealed SCC of the duodenum. Postoperative chemotherapy was started after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, pancreaticoduodenectomy is the preferred form of treatment for carcinoma of the duodenum. This is supplemented with chemotherapy, which can further prolong survival.

Case report

Rationale:Since primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare disease, few reports describe the characteristic findings on performing preoperative imaging that can be used to distinguish it from normal breast cancer. The rapid evolution and lack of an established method of treatment has resulted in several reports of advanced cases of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.Patient concerns:Case 1 was a 44-year-old woman with an elastic, hard tumor in the left C region. Ultrasonographic analysis revealed a maximal 11-mm hypoechoic area. Histologically, the tumor was a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with prominent keratinization, and there was prominent inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. Case 2 was a 58-year-old woman with an elastic, hard tumor in the left C/D region. Ultrasonographic analysis revealed a maximal 31-mm hypoechoic area with partially calcified areas and a hyperechoic margin. Histologically, the tumor was a squamous cell carcinoma with prominent keratinization exhibiting an infiltrative growth pattern. The tumor had no connection to the epidermis and partially transitioned into the atypical ductal epithelium in the area surrounding the focus.Diagnoses:The patient in Case 1 was preoperatively diagnosed with T1cN0M0 Stage I cancer of the left breast, but both patients were finally diagnosed with T2N0M0 Stage IIA cancer.Interventions:Case 1: left partial mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed. The patient was administered 4 courses of FEC100 and 4 courses of DTX as postoperative adjuvant therapy. Case 2: left modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed without any postoperative adjuvant therapy.Outcomes:Case 1: no sign of relapse was observed, but the patient moved away from the area to another hospital in March 2014 and eventually died due to relapse in January 2016. Case 2: four years after surgery, no relapse has been observed.Lessons:We should always keep the presence of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma among breast cancers in mind although the crisis rate is very low. Due to its high malignancy, needle biopsy and aspiration biopsy cytology should be performed to make a definitive diagnosis.

Management and prognosis of pure primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast

PurposeThe aim of the study was to investigate the management and prognosis of Pure primary squamous cell carcinoma (PPSCC) of the breast. Materials and methodsThis study is a multicentre retrospective cohort from three French tertiary referral hospitals (Rennes, Orléans and Tours) including all women treated for a PPSCC of the breast defined by squamous cells that could contain a minority of sarcomatoid component. We excluded carcinomas with a ductual component. Clinicopathologic, radiological and therapeutic patterns were described. Demographic, histological and therapeutic characteristics were compared to a population of women with triple negative invasive breast carcinomas. ResultsTwelve patients were included, with a mean age of 71.6 years. All lesions were unifocal, with a cystic complex ultrasound mass in 50% of cases. Mean tumor size was 43mm, with axillary lymph node metastasis in 25% of patients.The comparison with a population of women with triple negative breast carcinomas revealed that women with PPSCC were older (71 versus 57 years, p=0.003), tumor size was larger (43mm versus 25mm, p=0.032) and local recurrence occurred earlier (three months versus 38 months, p=0.014). ConclusionPPSCC is a rare entity with a worse prognosis in comparison with triple negative invasive carcinoma.

Primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach: Unique case in one institution

Primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach: Unique case in one institution

Pure Primary Ovarian Squamous Cell Carcinoma Perforating the Rectum

Rectal perforation is uncommon in ovarian cancer, even in advanced stages. Pure primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma is a very rare subtype of ovarian cancer and has not been reported to cause rectal perforation. A 50-year-old woman presented with rectal bleeding. Rectosigmoidoscopy suggested perforation of a pelvic tumor into the rectum. Abdominopelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 9 cm heterogeneous mass in the pouch of Douglas. We performed complete cytoreduction, including an en-bloc resection of the tumor and rectosigmoid colon. Histopathology showed squamous cell carcinoma of the left ovary penetrating the rectal wall. A common symptom of rectal bleeding was caused by a very rare entity of ovarian cancer penetrating the rectal wall, but thorough evaluation led to its accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Primary Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary: A Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature

Abstract Background: Primary squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is a rare entity among gynecologic malignancies. Most primary squamous tumors of the ovary arise from malignant transformation of dermoid cysts. These tumors may also be associated with Brenner tumors or with endometriosis. Pure primary SCC of the ovary is extremely rare. As a result of the limited number of cases, there is a paucity of literature about the risk factors, clinical features, and effective treatment for these tumors. Prognosis is dismal for patients with advanced-stage disease, and even patients with earlier stage disease have uncertain outcomes based on previous reports. Cases: The article reports on 2 cases of primary SCC of the ovary, 1 that was stage IIA and another 1 that was stage IIIC. The presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and current outcome are discussed in this report. Results: Both patients underwent surgery and chemotherapy and remained disease-free as of the writing of this report. Conclusions: Primary SCC...

Pure primary squamous cell carcinoma of breast: A rare entity

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is very rare malignancy, and only few cases have been reported in the literature. Also, it is aggressive in nature, and the standard treatment is still debated. We share our experience of a case of primary SCC of breast which was initially misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology but later confirmed to be pure primary squamous cell carcinoma of breast on histopathological examination.

An aggressive rare entity - Pure (de novo) primary squamous cell carcinoma of ovary: Review of literature and a case report

Ovarian cancers are commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. It ranks among the top ten diagnosed cancers and top five deadliest cancers in most countries. However, in spite of this squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is extremely rare. Here, we present a review of the literature along with a case of a 66-year-old postmenopausal female who presented with swelling, pain abdomen with constipation, and weight loss. She was diagnosed with pure (de novo) primary SCC of left ovary. No pre/co-existing ovarian lesion was identified. Despite external radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient died in 2 months.

Pure primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Pure primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare lesion that usually arises from the malignant transformation of an existing ovarian dermoid cyst. The de novo occurrence of an ovarian SCC in the absence of a prior ovarian dermoid cyst, Brenner tumor or endometriosis is extremely rare. At present, no effective therapy exists for treating pure primary ovarian SCC. The present case study describes a patient that presented with progressive coughing, who was diagnosed with an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IV pure primary ovarian SCC with lung metastases. The patient received postoperative chemotherapy, however, the patient succumbed to the disease. The current study also presents a review of the literature.

Primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of breast in a young female - a rare occurrence

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of breast is a rare disease. Incidence for primary SCC breast is 0.04-0.1 % of all malignancies of breast. A pure form of primary SCC breast is also described and its incidence is still less. Biologically it behaves differently and usually doesn’t metastasize to lymph nodes, though distant metastasis is more common. They occur usually in elderly women. Mean age of presentation is 54 years. We report the youngest patient so far - a 27 years old woman diagnosed initially as having fibrocystic disease and later as primary pure SCC breast. She did not have any other focus of malignancy in the body and is doing well 3-1/2 years post surgery and radiotherapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10322 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 600-602

Primary Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma Originating from the Stomach

Primary Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma Originating from the Stomach

Pure Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast Presenting as an Intracystic Tumor

Pure Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast Presenting as an Intracystic Tumor

Immunohistochemical profile to distinguish urothelial from squamous differentiation in carcinomas of urothelial tract

Urothelial neoplasms with squamous morphology raise the differential diagnosis between pure primary squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation and secondary involvement by squamous cell carcinoma, for example, from uterine cervix. Accurate identification between these entities is critical due to differing prognosis and therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the utility of an immunohistochemical panel of 3 urothelial-associated antibodies (uroplakin III, S100P, and GATA3) and two squamous-associated antibodies (CK14 and desmoglein-3) in 50 primary urothelial neoplasms: 15 pure urothelial carcinomas, 12 pure squamous cell carcinomas and 23 urothelial carcinomas with squamous differentiation. Squamous differentiation was defined by intercellular bridges or evidence of keratinization. Pure squamous cell carcinomas were positive for CK14 (100%) and desmoglein-3 (75%), negative for GATA3 and uroplakin III; one case was S100P positive (9%). Pure urothelial carcinomas had an opposite pattern and were positive for S100P (93%), GATA3 (93%), and uroplakin III (67%) and were negative for desmoglein-3; CK 14 was positive in 27% of cases; 74% of urothelial carcinomas with squamous differentiation had expression of urothelial and squamous associated markers (S100P, 83%; GATA3, 35%; uroplakin III, 13%; CK14, 87%; and desmoglein-3, 70%), although reactivity for individual markers within some tumors did not always correspond with morphologic differentiation. Of the remaining 26%, 4 showed an overall "squamous" immunoprofile, whereas 2 cases showed a "urothelial" immunoprofile. Our study showed that a panel of five antibodies identifies squamous and urothelial differentiation in most instances suggesting potential diagnostic utility.

Breast abscess as the initial manifestation of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma: A rare presentation and literature review

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare tumor accounting for less than 0.4% of all breast cancers. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the literature so far. The diagnosis requires strict pathologic criteria to be fulfilled. Due to the rarity of this tumor the optimal treatment and prognosis are both unclear. Breast abscess as the initial presentation of a primary squamous cell breast carcinoma is an extremely rare clinical entity. In this study, we describe a case of a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with typical manifestations of a breast abscess and was diagnosed with a pure primary squamous cell breast carcinoma. Diagnostic evaluation and management of the patient are discussed along with a review of the literature. Despite its rarity, the possibility of a primary pure squamous cell breast carcinoma should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in postmenopausal patients presenting with manifestations of a breast abscess, especially in those who respond poorly to the initial treatment. Physicians should be aware of this rare malignancy in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.