Primary Injury Prevention Research Articles

Possibilities of kinesio taping to prevent injuries of professional dancers

A literature review of the application of kinesio taping in the prevention of professional dancers’ injuries indicated frequent dance-related and overuse injuries and a lack of organized information about this issue. This study aimed to assess the impact of kinesio taping on the musculoskeletal system of dancers, based on scientific research data from 2015–2017. The analysis revealed that kinesio taping can effectively reduce muscle spasms, rebuild muscle strength of the injured extremity, improve static and dynamic balance and ease pain, due to its ability to improve proprioception of joints and regulate muscle tone. These effects reduce muscle imbalance and joint instability, thus increasing treatment efficacy and shortening the physical load limitation. Kinesio taping significantly reduces the risk of overuse syndromes and dance-related injuries during dance training and strenuous exercises of people with chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, kinesio taping has broad utility in primary and secondary prevention of dance-related injuries.

ANAMT Technical Guideline (DT 05): prevention of occupational low back pain through back belts, lumbar support or braces.

Low back pain is a considerable global public health problem. Use of back belts in occupational settings arises from the expectation of countless biomechanical benefits, which together would contribute to the prevention of this problem. To orient students, physicians and health institutions on the use of back belts, lumbar support or braces for prevention of low back pain or injury among asymptomatic workers. The present guideline was developed based on a systematic literature review; 809 studies were located in database MEDLINE and 571 in EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL. Evaluating back-belt use as preventive intervention against low back pain demands quantifying benefits, harms and difficulties to implementation, as well as the methodological quality of primary studies. Despite the weak benefits reflected in the individual, partial and isolated results of a few studies, there is no consistent evidence for the use of back belts, lumbar supports or braces for primary prevention of low back pain or occupational low back injury among workers. According to the available evidence, back-belt use is not associated with reduction of absenteeism.

Primary Prevention of ocular Injuries in esI Patients with safety Goggles

The ESI scheme has the largest medical infrastructure under one umbrella in India. Medical care is provided through a huge network of 150 hospitals, 1403 ESI dispensaries, 1447 panel clinics and 6536 IMOs. Eye trauma is number one cause of vision loss in industrial workers 3. Safety eye wear has shown to be effective in preventing eye injuries1. In this study, we are presenting a prospective comparative study of eye injuries in iron workers in factories, who use goggles and those who do not use goggles while work.

Survey of Trauma Cases for Prevention of Primary Tooth Injury

Survey of Trauma Cases for Prevention of Primary Tooth Injury

A report on injuries and illnesses among athletes and games officials during XII South Asian Games-2016, Shillong, India

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The 12<sup>th</sup><strong> </strong>South Asian Games (SAG) was held from February 5-16, 2016 in Guwahati and Shillong. International level mega-events bring people of different background to a single geographic location after extensive travel. Surveillance and measures for primary and secondary prevention of injuries and illnesses by the organizers and host country is highly desirable. There is no such previous published report on South Asian games. The study was conducted with the aim<strong> </strong>to analyse the medical arrangements and report injuries and illnesses in athletes and games officials during the South Asian Games-2016 at Shillong venue.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <strong>:</strong> It is a retrospective study from all daily records of injuries and illnesses reported to the principal referral hospital designated to treat all significant injuries and illnesses for games officials and athletes from all eight participating countries staying in Shillong.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Eight major sports were conducted in Shillong that included Badminton, Boxing, Football, Judo, Taekwondo and Wushu. The average age of the injured athletes or ill officials combined was 27.5 years. Male to female ratio was approximately 7:3. There were a total of 65 injuries (59.6%) out of 109 hospital visits including six dislocations involving the upper limbs, but only one athlete required hospitalization. Athletes from three major contact sports namely taekwondo, football and wushu dominated the injured list. A significant number of games officials had injuries and medical illnesses, some requiring hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Thorough planning for be<em>fitting </em>medical care <em>arrangements</em><em> </em>is indispensable for successful conduct of any major sports event.<strong> </strong>Significant training, sensitization, preparedness, knowledge-based manpower and infrastructure are needed for adequate medical coverage before, during and after the schedule of any major sports events. </p>

Indoor and Outdoor Falls Among Older Adult Trauma Patients: A Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Outcomes

Abstract Date Presented 3/31/2017 Significant differences exist in patient characteristics, factors associated with falls, and outcomes for indoor versus outdoor fallers admitted for trauma care. Results can help inform targeted primary and secondary injury prevention initiatives. Primary Author and Speaker: Patricia Gentile Additional Authors and Speakers: Tracy Chippendale Contributing Authors: Melissa K. James

A video analysis of head injuries satisfying the criteria for a head injury assessment in professional Rugby Union: a prospective cohort study

ObjectivesConcussion is the most common match injury in professional Rugby Union, accounting for 25% of match injuries. The primary prevention of head injuries requires that the injury mechanism be known...

REACT: A paraprofessional training program for first responders-A pilot study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a newly designed peer support training program for first responders titled Recognize, Evaluate, Advocate, Coordinate, and Track (REACT). REACT was developed in partnership with public safety agencies to address the need for promoting psychological health. This resulted in the development of a program that uses train-the-trainer methodology to address primary prevention of stress injuries. REACT was an all-day training that consisted of four modules, each featuring instruction and practice. Six public safety agencies totaling 30 individuals (76.9% from four fire departments, 23.1% from two emergency communication centers) participated in REACT. The primary outcomes were knowledge and training-related self-efficacy; secondary outcomes included general self-efficacy, resilience, and improved attitudes and expectations. A peer-support model, using a train-the-trainer methodology, is a promising approach for addressing the promotion of psychological health.

Proximal Neuromuscular Control Protects Against Hamstring Injuries in Male Soccer Players: A Prospective Study With Electromyography Time-Series Analysis During Maximal Sprinting

Background: With their unremittingly high incidence rate and detrimental functional repercussions, hamstring injuries remain a substantial problem in male soccer. Proximal neuromuscular control (“core stability”) is considered to be of key importance in primary and secondary hamstring injury prevention, although scientific evidence and insights on the exact nature of the core-hamstring association are nonexistent at present. Hypothesis: The muscle activation pattern throughout the running cycle would not differ between participants based on injury occurrence during follow-up. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Sixty amateur soccer players participated in a multimuscle surface electromyography (sEMG) assessment during maximal acceleration to full-speed sprinting. Subsequently, hamstring injury occurrence was registered during a 1.5-season follow-up period. Hamstring, gluteal, and trunk muscle activity time series during the airborne and stance phases of acceleration were evaluated and statistically explored for a possible causal association with injury occurrence and absence from sport during follow-up. Results: Players who did not experience a hamstring injury during follow-up had significantly higher amounts of gluteal muscle activity during the front swing phase (P = .027) and higher amounts of trunk muscle activity during the backswing phase of sprinting (P = .042). In particular, the risk of sustaining a hamstring injury during follow-up lowered by 20% and 6%, with a 10% increment in normalized muscle activity of the gluteus maximus during the front swing and the trunk muscles during the backswing, respectively (P < .024). Conclusion: Muscle activity of the core unit during explosive running appeared to be associated with hamstring injury occurrence in male soccer players. Higher amounts of gluteal and trunk muscle activity during the airborne phases of sprinting were associated with a lower risk of hamstring injuries during follow-up. Hence, the present results provide a basis for improved, evidence-based rehabilitation and prevention, particularly focusing on increasing neuromuscular control of the gluteal and trunk muscles during sport-specific activities (eg, sprint drills, agility drills).

PRE-SEASON ISOKINETIC SCREENING OF NEUROMUSCULAR RISK FACTORS IN ELITE FOOTBALL

BackgroundNeuromuscular isokinetic screening as a pre-season test may identify players at risk of injury or undertrained players.ObjectiveIdentify, assess and describe unilateral and bilateral knee muscular deficits in elite football players...

PREDICTING LOWER EXTREMITY INJURY RISK IN SPORT THROUGH MOVEMENT QUALITY SCREENING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

BackgroundThe identification of risk factors for lower extremity musculoskeletal (MSK) injury in sport is required to inform primary and secondary injury prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo determine whether measures of poor movement quality...

Primary prevention of ocular injury in agricultural workers with safety eyewear.

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of preventing eye injury with the use of safety eyewear in agriculture workers.Methods:A sample group of 575 agricultural workers (Group A) engaged in harvesting paddy were provided with goggles with side covers. Following harvesting, a questionnaire-based survey was carried out to determine the frequency of their eye injuries. Workers with goggles were asked about the duration for which they used the goggles and also list barriers or difficulties with the same. The frequency of eye injuries in this group was compared with another group of agriculture workers (Group B) who did not use any safety eyewear.Results:The frequency of eye injuries in Group A was 4 (0.7%) and Group B was 61 (11.3%) which was highly significant (P = 0.0001). The relative risk calculated was 0.06 (95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.2). Agricultural workers in Group A had 94% less risk of ocular trauma compared to those in Group B. Injuries in both groups were caused by parts of the paddy plant. A significant number (76.2%) of workers used the goggles all or most of the time during work. Impaired vision when wearing goggles was the most frequent barrier reported by the workers. Other barriers were discomfort, shyness, forgetfulness, apathy, slowing of work pace, awkward appearance, and breakages.Conclusion:Safety eyewear conferred significant protection against work-related eye injuries in agriculture. Although safety eyewear was widely adopted by the workers, barriers reported by them will need to be addressed to make such programs more effective.

Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: state of the art

With the increase in number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions being performed, and with patients' desire to return to high-level sports activities, the prevalence of ACL revision has been rising despite recent improvements in ACL reconstruction technique. ACL reconstruction failures can be classified into 3 general categories: recurrent instability, postoperative complications and patient comorbidities. Of these 3 categories, recurrent instability is the most common cause for revision surgery. Cases of recurrent instability can be further subdivided into 2 groups: traumatic and atraumatic. Causes of atraumatic failure include technical errors, missed associated injuries, biological factors and infection. Careful preoperative evaluation and planning, sophisticated surgical technique (including individualised graft selection, anatomical tunnel placement and secure fixation), careful evaluation and treatment of all associated injuries, and individualised rehabilitation are all essential for successful revision ACL surgery. There have been very few high-level studies in the field of revision ACL surgery; therefore, accumulating more evidence for clinical outcomes and prognostic factors to improve revision surgery procedure will be necessary. Both primary ACL injury prevention and reinjury prevention, as well as individualised anatomic primary ACL reconstruction, are critical to reduce the incidence of revision ACL surgery.

School-based education programmes for the prevention of unintentional injuries in children and young people.

School-based education programmes for the prevention of unintentional injuries in children and young people.

Preventive behaviour at work – A concept analysis

Background: Preventive behaviour is a significant intervention target in order to promote health at work, but has never been discussed in an occupational perspective.Aim: To clarify the concept of preventive behaviour at work.Methods: The Walker and Avant (2011) method was used to conduct the study.Results: The attributes of the concept are: (1) compliance with safety rules and procedures, (2) proactivity, participation, engagement and initiatives related to prevention, (3) maintenance of physical environment, (4) concern for social environment and (5) reflexivity and analytical skills of work situations. The analysis also identified the antecedents and the consequences of the concept that are all related to either the person, the environment or the occupation.Conclusion: Preventive behaviour occurs when a worker shows an active involvement to comply with safety rules and procedures of his trade, takes initiatives to improve prevention, preserves his physical environment, communicates with his peers and analyses work situations before committing to it.Significance: Occupational therapists have a central role in primary prevention of work injuries and have the expertise to help develop each of the five attributes of the concept of preventive behaviour.

Effectiveness of occupational health and safety training

Purpose This meta-analysis aims to verify the efficacy of occupational health and safety (OHS) training in terms of knowledge, attitude and beliefs, behavior and health. Design/methodology/approach The authors included studies published in English (2007–2014) selected from ten databases. Eligibility criteria were studies concerned with the effectiveness of OHS training for primary prevention of workplace injury; and studies focused on examined outcome related to OHS. Findings The selected studies (n = 28) highlighted a strong support for the effectiveness of training on worker OHS attitudes and beliefs and, to a lesser extent, on worker’s knowledge but only medium for behavior and small evidences for its effectiveness on health. Research limitations/implications Future research should more deeply investigate the efficacy on knowledge increase of trainings delivered by experts and researchers, applying different methods, in a small group; training delivered by peer and by researcher, applying different methods; and trained workers less than 29 years and more than 49 years old, considering that workers in these age groups are particularly vulnerable to fatalities. Practical implications Our study is a contribution for those they intend to grant effective training, in response to specific needs of OHS. The evidences presented could be considered a first step to identify the factors related to the efficacy of OHS training to plan adequate interventions. Social implications The OHS training is effective on the basis of the extent interventions are carried out for each specific learning outcome. Originality/value This meta-analysis suggested that classroom training, although the most used and studied, does not ever revealed itself very effective: it was not significant for outcomes in terms of knowledge and showed a decreasing efficacy for attitudes and beliefs, behaviors and health. It seemed that there was a distinction between interventions on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, as opposed to behavioral interventions and health.

Experience Rate of Elbow Pain and Morphological Abnormality of Humeral Medial Epicondyle among Youth Baseball Players

Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the experience rate of elbow pain and to clarify the relationship between morphological abnormality of the humeral medial epicondyle and positions among baseball players in elementary school (ES), junior high school (JHS) and high school (HS).Methods:In this study, 4353 baseball players who participated in our medical screening (2008-2015) were enrolled. There were 1545 players from ES, 1934 players from JHS, and 874 players from HS. We asked them to answer the questionnaire to investigate the experience of elbow pain, and the position they played. Ultrasonography of the humeral medial epicondyle was examined and irregularity, fragmentation, and malunion of the humeral medial epicondyle. The results were analyzed statistically. P < 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical analyses.Results:The experience rates of elbow pain among players in ES, JHS, and HS were 26.0%, 27.0%, and 68.3%. The rates of abnormality of humeral medial epicondyle among players in ES, JHS, and HS were 18.2%, 36.3%, and 39.9% (Table 1). The experience rate of elbow pain among pitchers and catchers was significantly higher than the fielders in ES (Table 2), however, there were no significant differences between positions in JHS and HS (Table 3,4). According to the rate of morphological abnormalities of humeral medial epicondyle, pitchers and catchers were significantly higher than fielders in ES, while only pitchers were significantly higher than the fielders in JHS and HS (Table 2,3,4).Conclusion:The experience rate of elbow pain among baseball players rose as the age increased, and the rate in HS was almost 70%. The rates of morphological abnormality of humeral medial epicondyle among pitchers and catchers were high and the tendency was observed from a young age. The primary prevention of elbow injuries in youth baseball players of all ages should be considered.

Teaching preschoolers safety rules: A pilot study of injury prevention

ABSTRACTUnintentional injuries pose a significant threat to the health of young children. Although environmental changes, enhanced parental supervision, and legislation are important measures to prevent childhood injuries, educating children about safety is an essential component to effective primary prevention. In this pilot study, a convenience sample of 301 preschoolers (82% Latino) participated in a behavioral-skills training program to prevent injuries and were compared to controls (n = 45). Participants were pre- and post-tested on their knowledge of general safety rules related to riding in vehicles, crossing the street, being lost or alone, and playing with guns and matches/lighters. Other than knowing to wear a seatbelt, pre-test data showed a concerning lack of knowledge regarding safety. There were significant increases in safety rules knowledge after training. Findings support the value of training preschoolers in multiple areas of safety as one important strategy for the primary prevention of unintentional injuries.

Donor Heart Treatment With COMP-Ang1 Limits Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Rejection of Cardiac Allografts

The major cause of death during the first year after heart transplantation is primary graft dysfunction due to preservation and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Angiopoietin-1 is a Tie2 receptor-binding paracrine growth factor with anti-inflammatory properties and indispensable roles in vascular development and stability. We used a stable variant of angiopoietin-1 (COMP-Ang1) to test whether ex vivo intracoronary treatment with a single dose of COMP-Ang1 in donor Dark Agouti rat heart subjected to 4-h cold ischemia would prevent microvascular dysfunction and inflammatory responses in the fully allogeneic recipient Wistar Furth rat. COMP-Ang1 reduced endothelial cell-cell junction disruption of the donor heart in transmission electron microscopy during 4-h cold ischemia, improved myocardial reflow, and reduced microvascular leakage and cardiomyocyte injury of transplanted allografts during IRI. Concurrently, the treatment reduced expression of danger signals, dendritic cell maturation markers, endothelial cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1 and RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase activation and the influx of macrophages and neutrophils. Furthermore, COMP-Ang1 treatment provided sustained anti-inflammatory effects during acute rejection and prevented the development of cardiac fibrosis and allograft vasculopathy. These results suggest donor heart treatment with COMP-Ang1 having important clinical implications in the prevention of primary and subsequent long-term injury and dysfunction in cardiac allografts.

Stranded Motorist Deaths in Harris County, Texas: A Deadly Game of Highway Roulette.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognize that nonintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and disability. Current literature identifies risk factors and prevention strategies for motor vehicle crashes and auto-pedestrian incidents. However, scant literature provides prevention strategies for the stranded motorist (SM). The SM is defined as any occupant of a vehicle that is stopped in or on the side of a road. The purpose of this case report was to identify and describe the circumstances of SM death. Death data were identified from the medicolegal death investigation agency. Between 2004 and 2014, Harris County, Texas, had 46 SM deaths, and of those deaths, 74% occurred while outside the vehicle, and most motorists become stranded because of mechanical issues (67%). An outcome of the report was a public service announcement aimed at primary injury prevention. The medicolegal death investigation agency changed how they categorize the SM.