Restorations In Primary Molars Research Articles

Is use of flowable resin composite an option for occluso-proximal restorations in primary teeth? A fracture strength analysis.

Use of flowable resin composites for ocluso-proximal restorations in primary molars could improve cervical adaptation, and reduce the failure risk. To investigate the fracture strength of occluso-proximal restorations in primary teeth using different flowable resin composites (as an intermediate layer or entire cavity) and a conventional resin composite (incremental technique). Two standardized occluso-proximal cavities were prepared on mesial and distal surfaces of 50 sound primary molars. The teeth were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 10): 2 mm Filtek Bulk Fill Flow + Z350 XT; 4 mm Filtek Bulk Fill Flow; 2 mm Z350 XT Flow + Z350 XT; 4 mm Z350 XT Flow; and Z350 XT inserted by incremental technique. All restored teeth were subjected to cariogenic challenge and then submitted to fracture strength test. The failure pattern of each specimen was categorized as reparable or irreparable/need for replacement based on the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. Fracture strength means were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. Failure pattern was analyzed descriptively. There was no statistically significant difference on fracture strength among groups (p = .48). A similar distribution of reparable (35%-40%) and irreparable (60%-65%) failures was observed among groups. Based on a laboratorial setting, the use of different flowable resin composites (as an intermediate layer or entire cavity) may be an option to restore occluso-proximal cavities in primary molars.

Survival of the fittest: does Riva Self Cure outperform Equia Forte when used to restore mesio-occlusal cavities in atraumatic restorative technique?

Double-blind (participant and outcome assessor), randomised, non-inferiority, two-arm (1:1 allocation) clinical trial. The study included children aged 4-8 years old from public schools in Tietê, Brazil, who had mesio-occlusal carious lesions, into dentine, in primary molars. The carious teeth had to be asymptomatic of pulpal involvement. The children had to be medically fit and cooperative for dental treatment within their classroom environment. Consent was gained from a parent/guardian prior to entering the study. Children with carious lesions in multiple teeth, only one tooth was included, which was selected by a random draw. Treatment on other teeth would be carried out in the nearest health centre. The primary outcome was the 2-year survival of the restorations, analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression (α = 5%). Costs for materials and professional services were recorded in Brazilian Reais (R$), converted to US dollars (US$), and analysed using Monte Carlo simulation. Of the 152 children enrolled (76 per group), 121 (79%) were evaluated at the 2-year mark. Overall, the 2-year survival rate of the restorations was 39% (EF: 45%; RSC: 32%), with no significant difference between the two groups. The total cost of restorations with RSC was lower than with EF, resulting in a cost saving of US$6.18 per restoration. After 2 years, Riva Self Cure demonstrated comparable survival rates to Equia Forte for mesio-occlusal restorations in primary molars, while being more cost-effective from a Brazilian perspective.

Performance of restorations in primary molars over a seven-year period

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the use and reintervention rate of fillings compared to preformed metal crowns in the everyday clinical practice of German dentists. MethodsIn this retrospective, longitudinal analysis, fee codes from the Kassenzahnärztliche Vereinigung Westfalen-Lippe for restorations placed in primary molars between 2012 and 2015 in children until 7 years of age followed for a 7-year period (latest until December 2022) were filtered and analyzed with the Fine and Gray competing risk regression and Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate the risk of reintervention divided into the main outcomes “Successful”, “Minor Failure/Repair” and “Major Failure/Endodontic Treatment/Extraction”. 367,139 primary molars (one-surface fillings: n = 117,721; two-surface fillings n = 198,815; three-surface fillings n = 36,695; more than three-surface fillings n = 8,267 and preformed metal crowns n = 5,641 were included in this study. ResultsTeeth treated with preformed crowns needed significantly less re-interventions. Subdistribution hazard ratio for minor events was 0.117 (95 %-CI: 0.097 to 0.141) and hazard ratio of major events (HR=0.786; 95 %-CI: 0.695 to 0.890) when compared to one-surface fillings in multivariable adjusted analysis. Within 7-year follow-up preformed crowns required less repairs (80.6 % success rate, minor failure 4.4 %, major failure 16.3 %) than the teeth treated with composite fillings (46.2 %–52.6 % success rate, minor failure 27.0 %–39.5 %, major failure 15.5 %–28.4 %, p < 0.001). ConclusionWithin the German healthcare system fillings are the first choice for treating primary molars despite considerably higher reintervention rates. This encourages a discussion on the indication of fillings and the more durable preformed metal crowns to reduce unnecessary reintervention in young children. Clinical significanceThis study gives an unprecedented insight into the German healthcare system regarding the reintervention rates of the most relevant treatment techniques for caries in primary molars.

Comparing modified USPHS and FDI criteria for the assessment of glass ionomer restorations in primary molars utilising clinical and photographic evaluation.

To compare the applicability of modified US Public Health Service (USPHS) and FDI criteria for evaluating glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations in primary posterior teeth through digital image analysis. This comparative analytic study was conducted at the Children's Dental Clinic RSKGM FKG UI, involving 40 GIC restorations on lower first primary molars in children aged 4-9years. After cleaning, the restorations were assessed clinically using modified USPHS and FDI criteria before taking digital images, then the collected images were re-evaluated using both sets of criteria, and the clinical assessment results were compared to the digital image assessment results. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the clinical evaluation of GIC restorations in primary teeth and their corresponding digital photographs when using the modified USPHS criteria, and although the use of FDI criteria yielded different results, these differences were not statistically significant. The assessment of GIC restorations through digital images aligns more closely with clinical assessments using the FDI criteria compared to the modified USPHS criteria.

Evaluation of Zirconia Infused Glass Ionomer Cement Versus Resin Modified Glass Ionomer in Class II Restorations of Primary Molars.

Evaluation of Zirconia Infused Glass Ionomer Cement Versus Resin Modified Glass Ionomer in Class II Restorations of Primary Molars.

Fracture strength of preformed zirconia crown and CAD-CAM zirconia, ceramic, and hybrid composite crowns for the restoration of primary molars: An invitro study.

Paediatric-preformed zirconia crowns have been associated with several issues, primarily their inability to be crimped and the need for extensive tooth preparation. Additionally, the capacity to adjust the size, shape, and fit of these crowns is very limited. To evaluate and compare the fracture strength of four different types of dental crowns intended for paediatric patients. The fracture resistance of four types of paediatric crowns was evaluated using the universal testing machine; freshly extracted primary molars received one of the following: preformed zirconia crowns, custom-made computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) zirconia crowns, custom-made CAD-CAM ceramic crowns, and custom-made CAD-CAM hybrid composite crowns. Data were statistically compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Bonferroni test, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among the four groups (p < .001). The highest value of fracture force was observed for the milled zirconia crown and the lowest for the prefabricated zirconia. The implementation of the CAD-CAM digital crown fabrication technique has the potential to address issues associated with preformed crowns in paediatric patients, particularly in terms of fracture resistance.

The stress distribution of a primary molar tooth restored with stainless steel crown using different luting cements

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the stress distributions of a primary molar tooth restored with a stainless steel crown (SSC) using resin and glass ionomer luting cements by Finite Element Analysis (FEA).MethodsOriginal DICOM data of a primary molar was used to create a 3D model. One model was prepared as a tooth model with SSC. A 30 μm cement layer was used in model. Two different luting cements were tested in the study: self-cure adhesive resin cement, and glass ionomer cement. Vertical and oblique loads of 330 N were applied to simulate maximum bite force and lateral forces in the occlusal contact areas of the models. Maximum von Mises stress values in the models were evaluated as MPa.ResultsThe maximum von Mises stress value was observed in the force application and general occlusal contact areas for all models. The maximum von Mises stress values were higher in the tooth model with SSC using self-cure adhesive resin cement (478.09 MPa and 214.62 MPa) than in the tooth model with SSC using glass ionomer cement (220.06 MPa and 198.72 MPa) in both vertical and oblique loading, respectively.ConclusionsDepending on the magnitude of the bite force on the SSC, fracture of the luting cement materials could occur if the stress exceeds the endurance limit of the luting cement. Cementation with glass ionomer cement may help to reduce stress levels in SSC restorations of primary molars in children.

Comparison of three-dimensional printed resin crowns and preformed stainless steel crowns for primary molar restorations: a randomized controlled trial.

The importance of aesthetics in children has increased over time. Therefore, this multicenter randomized clinical trial aimed to analyze and compare three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin crowns (RCs) as a potential alternative to stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) for restoring primary molars with extensive carious lesions. According to the null hypothesis, no statistically significant difference was observed in restoration failure between RC and SSC groups. A total of 56 primary molars after pulp treatment at two dental hospitals were included. After pulp treatment, the teeth were randomly divided into two groups: SSCs (n = 28) and RCs (n = 28). At 1 week and 3, 6 and 12 months, the Quigley-Hein plaque index (QHI), gingival index (GI), occlusal wear, and survival rate were assessed by examination, radiography and alginate impressions. No significant difference in QHI was observed between the two groups. However, the GI at 12 months and occlusal wear in the RC group were significantly higher than those in the SSC group (p < 0.05). The survival rates were 100% in the SSC group and 82.1% in the RC group (p = 0.047). Cracks and discoloration were also observed in the RCs. Within the limitations of this study, 3D-printed RCs are aesthetically superior to SSCs and clinically easy to repair. However, if clinical effectiveness and safety are improved, RCs could potentially become a viable aesthetic alternative in the future.

Morphological Assessment of Proximal Restoration Depending on Different Matrix Systems in Primary Molars with a 3D Scanner: In Vitro Studies

The purpose of this study was to compare the proximal surface contour, size of contact area, and volume difference before and after restoration in artificial teeth of primary molars during proximal composite resin restoration using different matrix systems. Four types of artificial teeth were restored with composite resin using sectional matrix systems-Palodent V3 Sectional Matrix System and myJunior Kitand a circumferential matrix system-Tofflemire Matrix System-and modeled threedimensionally for analysis. When sectional matrix systems were used, there was a higher probability of concave proximal surface contour and simultaneously greater contact area and volume. This is attributed to the dead soft properties of the matrix band used in sectional matrix systems, which can lead to deformation of the band and hence an excessive amount of resin applied around the contact point. Additionally, the rubber wedge in the sectional matrix system may not help the matrix band fit into the cavity. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, morphological aspects need to be carefully considered for proximal composite resin restoration of primary molars using sectional matrix systems.

In vitro analysis of durability of S-PRG filler-containing composite crowns for primary molar restoration.

To evaluate the reliability, maximum principal stress, shear stress, and crack initiation of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composite (RC) incorporating surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) filler for primary molar teeth. Mandibular primary molar crowns fabricated by experimental (EB) or commercially available CAD/CAM RCs (HC) were prepared and cemented to a resinous abutment tooth using an adhesive resin cement (Cem) or a conventional glass-ionomer cement (CX). These specimens were subjected to a single compressive test (n=5/each) and the step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) (n=12/each). Data was evaluated using Weibull analyses and reliability was calculated. Afterwards, the maximum principal stress and crack initiation point of each crown was analyzed by finite element analysis. To evaluate bonding of EB and HC to dentin, microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing was conducted using primary molar teeth (n=10/each). There was no significant difference between the fracture loads of EB and HC for either cement (p>0.05). The fracture loads of EB-CX and HC-CX were significantly lower than EB-Cem and HC-Cem (p<0.05). The reliability at 600N for EB-Cem was greater than that for EB-CX, HC-Cem, and HC-CX. The maximum principal stress concentrated on EB was lower than that on HC. The shear stress concentrated in the cement layer for EB-CX was higher than that for HC-CX. There was no significant difference among the μTBSs of EB-Cem, EB-CX, HC-Cem, and HC-CX (p>0.05). The crowns fabricated with the experimental CAD/CAM RC incorporating S-PRG filler yielded greater fracture loads and reliability than the crowns manufactured with commercially available CAD/CAM RC regardless of the luting materials. These findings suggest that the experimental CAD/CAM RC crown may be clinically useful for the restoration of primary molars.

Marginal Quality and Wear of Bulk-fill Materials for Class-II Restorations in Primary Molars.

The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the marginal integrity and wear of eight bulk-fill materials in comparison to a compomer in Class-II cavities in primary molars after thermomechanical loading (TML). Prepared Class-II cavities in 72 extracted primary molars were filled with eight bulk-fill materials. A compomer served as the control group. After water storage (incubator, 28 days, 37°C), samples were subjected to TML (2500 thermal cycles 5°C/55°C; 100,000 load cycles, 50 N, 1.67 Hz). Before and after TML, replicas were made which were used for both SEM analysis of marginal integrity and 3-D wear analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in perfect margins was observed for all groups, while marginal gap formation increased (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.02) for all groups but the compomer. Significant interindividual differences were observed between the tested materials regarding marginal integrity (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Wear analysis revealed no significant differences between groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p > 0.05). Some of the bulk-fill materials investigated here achieved better results than the compomer and should be further evaluated clinically.

In vitro microleakage at the enamel and dentin margins of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk-fill and a conventional composite.

This study assessed the enamel and dentin margin microleakage of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk-fill and a conventional composite. In this in vitro, experimental study, standard class II cavities were created in the proximal surfaces of 60 extracted primary molars. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and restored with SonicFill bulk-fill and Filtek Z250 conventional composite along with Single Bond 2 adhesive. The teeth were coated with two layers of nail varnish to 1 mm around the restoration margins, and the apices were sealed with wax. The teeth underwent 1500 thermal cycles and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. They were then immersed in 1 M silver nitrate in the dark, rinsed with water, immersed in developing solution for 12 h, and exposed to fluorescent light. Next, they were mesiodistally sectioned, and digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification. The dye penetration depth was measured by a blind observer, and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test (α = .05). No significant difference existed in microleakage between the two composite groups at the enamel (p = .76) or dentin (p = .16) margins. In both composite groups, microleakage at the dentin margins was significantly greater than that at the enamel margins (p = .000). Considering the absence of a significant difference in microleakage, SonicFill bulk-fill composite can be used as an alternative to Filtek Z250 conventional composite for restoration of primary molars to benefit from its advantages such as simpler and faster application.

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Different Class V Cavity Preparation Restored with Composite in Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study

To compare the effect of the cavity design and the location of the gingival wall, onenamel and cementum on the microleakage of Class V composite resin restorations in primary molars.

Evaluation of the Color Adjustment Potential of Single-Shade Composite Resin in Primary Teeth

Restoring composite resins with the optimal shades for all primary teeth is a great challenge for pediatric dentists. A newly developed single-shade composite resin can exhibit a color similar to that of the surrounding tooth structure based on the structural color phenomenon. This study aims to evaluate the color adjustment potential (CAP) of a single-shade composite resin compared to conventional multi-shade composite resins in primary teeth. A single-shade composite resin and two conventional multi-shade composite resins were included in this study. Two types of specimens, a single specimen and a dual specimen, were evaluated. For single specimens, duplications of the primary second molar denture teeth were made using experimental composite resins. For dual specimens, cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of extracted primary second molars and restored with experimental composite resins. The L*, a*, and b* values were measured using a colorimeter for the extracted teeth and specimens. The mean ΔE&lt;sub&gt;ab&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; values for single and dual specimens and CAP were calculated. Bonferroni post-hoc analysis was performed to confirm the statistical significance between the ΔE&lt;sub&gt;ab&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; and CAP values of the experimental resins. Among the single specimens, the single-shade composite resin showed significantly higher ΔE&lt;sub&gt;Single&lt;/sub&gt; compared to other composite resins (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0167). There was no significant difference between ΔE&lt;sub&gt;Dual&lt;/sub&gt; for all experimental resins. The single-shade composite resin showed highest CAP compared to other multi-shade composite resins. A single-shade composite resin exhibited the most prominent color adaptability compared to other conventional multi-shade composite resins for primary second molars. A single-shade composite resin can simplify shade matching and provide esthetic outcomes for the restoration of primary second molars.

Survival Analysis and Cost Effectiveness of Silver Modified Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (SMART) and ART Occlusal Restorations in Primary Molars: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the clinical performance and cost effectiveness of Silver Modified Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (SMART) and Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) restorations in primary molars over 12 months follow up period. Materials and methodsSixty-seven children, aged 5-9 years old having at least one asymptomatic primary molar with active caries, were randomly assigned to either the test arm (SMART) or the control arm (ART). Clinical performance was assessed after 6 and 12-months using the modified United States Public Health Services criteria. The trial was registered at Clinical Trial.gov with a registration number (NCT03881020). Treatment time for each restoration was recorded, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test were performed (p<0.05) and cost effectiveness was measured at the end of the study. ResultsBoth techniques showed comparable clinical performance and the mean survival time was 11.8 and 11.6 months for SMART and ART restorations respectively with no detected significant differences (p=0.416). Mean treatment time for SMART restorations (7.8 min.), however, was significantly lower than ART (15 min.) (p < 0.001). SMART technique, also, showed statistically significant lower mean total cost per restoration (p <0.001). ConclusionsThough SMART and ART have comparable clinical performance and survival in single-surface occlusal restorations in primary molars, SMART is less time consuming and more cost effective. Clinical significanceUsing SMART technique could change paradigms in caries management. Being a patient friendly and cost-effective approach, it could be adopted as a superior treatment option when dealing with young children, those with behavioral and medical challenges and for promoting access to oral care among the underprivileged.

Use of rubber dam versus cotton roll isolation on composite resin restorations’ survival in primary molars: 2-year results from a non-inferiority clinical trial

BackgroundThis non-inferiority randomised clinical trial aimed to evaluate the survival of direct bulk fill composite resin restorations in primary molars using different methods of moisture control: rubber dam isolation (RDI—local anaesthesia and rubber dam) and cotton roll isolation (CRI—cotton roll and saliva ejector). Secondary outcomes included baseline and 2-year incremental cost, self-reported child’s pain scores and patient behaviour during the restorative procedure.MethodsA total of 174 molars (93 children) with dentine caries lesions were randomly allocated to study groups (RDI or CRI) and restored with bulk fill composite resin by trained operators. Two blinded examiners assessed the restorations for up to 24 months. Wong-baker faces and Frankl's behaviour rating scales were used for accessing the child's pain and behaviour, respectively. The primary outcome (restoration survival) was analysed using the two-sample non-inferiority test for survival data using Cox Regression (non-inferiority/alternative hypothesis HR > 0.85; CI = 90%). Bootstrap Linear regression was used for cost analysis and logistic regression for pain and behaviour analysis (α = 5%).ResultsAfter 2-years, 157 restorations were evaluated (drop-out = 9.7%). The survival rate was RDI = 60.4% and CRI = 54.3%. The non-inferiority hypothesis was accepted by the Cox Regression analysis (HR = 1.33; 90% CI 0.88–1.99; p = 0.036). RDI was 53% more expensive when compared to the CRI group. No differences were found between the groups regarding pain (p = 0.073) and behaviour (p = 0.788).ConclusionCotton roll isolation proved to be non-inferior when compared to rubber dam for composite restorations longevity in primary molars. Furthermore, the latest presented the disadvantage of higher cost and longer procedure time.Clinical Significance The moisture control method does not influence the longevity of composite restorations in primary molars. Cotton roll isolation proved to be non-inferior to rubber dam isolation and is a viable option for restoring primary molars.Clinical trial registration registered NCT03733522 on 07/11/2018. The present trial was nested within another clinical trial, the CARies DEtection in Children (CARDEC-03-NCT03520309).

Novel 3D Printed Resin Crowns for Primary Molars: In Vitro Study of Fracture Resistance, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis.

This study evaluated the fracture resistance, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of three-dimensional (3D) printing resins for the esthetic restoration of primary molars. Two 3D printing resins, Graphy (GP) and NextDent (NXT), and a prefabricated zirconia crown, NuSmile (NS), were tested. GP and NXT samples were 3D printed using the workflow recommended by each manufacturer. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. As a result of the fracture resistance test of 0.7-mm-thick 3D printed resin crowns with a thickness similar to that of the NS crown, there was no statistically significant difference among GP (1491.6 ± 394.6 N), NXT (1634.4 ± 289.3 N), and NS (1622.8 ± 323.9 N). The BFS of GP was higher for all thicknesses than that of NXT. Both resins showed high survival probabilities (more than 90%) when subjected to 50 and 150 MPa. Through DMA, the glass transition temperatures of GP and NXT were above 120 °C and the rheological behavior of GP and NXT according to temperature and frequency were analyzed. In conclusion, GP and NXT showed optimum strength to withstand bite forces in children, and 3D printed resin crowns could be an acceptable option for fixed prostheses of primary teeth.

CARIES ASSOCIATED WITH RESTORATIONS IN PRIMARY MOLARS –AN 18-MONTHS FOLLOW-UP STUDY

Introduction: According to the scientific literature, sulfur contained in various foods and medicines is almost completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the role of sulfur containing mineral waters as a dietary source of sulfur still remains unrevealed. The focus of this study was the effect of sulfurous mineral water from two public fountains on the territory of Varna town on the expression rates of enzymes involved in the processes of sulfonation in human intestinal cells. Methods: Human intestinal epithelial cells were incubated with different percentage content of sulfurous mineral water in the growth medium. Cell viability was measured by the MTT test, and three concentrations of mineral water were chosen for gene expression analyses. The cells were treated with water samples with different residence times after filling: 24 hours, 3 and 7 days. Messenger RNA levels of two sulfotransferases isoforms (SULT1A1 and SULT1A3) and 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate synthase 1 (PAPSS1) were measured. Results: Significantly increased mRNA levels of both sulfotransferases were measured in cells treated with 24-hours samples from the two fountains. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the percentage content of mineral water in the culture medium. Despite the stimulated expression of sulfotransferases, higher volume concentrations of 24-hour samples of mineral water significantly inhibited the gene expression of PAPSS1. It could be suggested that the H2S, as a major active compound in the mineral water, has the potential to modulate the gene expression of the investigated enzymes. Conclusion: Sulfurous mineral water should be considered an important dietary source of sulfur. We believe that the presented results would be of interest to society and health professionals.

CARIES ASSOCIATED WITH RESTORATIONS IN PRIMARY MOLARS –AN 18-MONTHS FOLLOW-UP STUDY

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of caries associated with restorations in primary molars. Methods: Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (n=50) and compomer (n=50) restorations of primary molars were made in 100 children. The restorations were clinically evaluated on the 3rd, 6th, 12th and 18th month with the FDI criteria. Results: On the 3rd month recall, all restorations showed excellent clinical assessment scores for all FDI criteria. In regard to secondary caries, on the 6th month, clinically unacceptable was only one restoration. In the 12th month, 19.00% of the restorations were diagnosed with caries adjacent to the restoration. The relative share of secondary caries lesions assessed in restorations from glass ionomer cement (27.27%) was higher than that from compomer material (14.28%), as well as the restorations on the occlusal surface (38.46%), compared to those on the proximal surfaces (7.40%). Caries associated with restorations was diagnosed more frequently in relation to the caries lesions assessed as active at the first visit (29.62%) compared to the inactive lesions (7.69%). At the 18th month recall, the relative share of restorations diagnosed with secondary caries was lower (8.00%). Conclusion: The type of restorative material, type of affected surface and the activity of the carious lesion are factors that may influence the occurrence of caries associated with restorations in primary molars. Our study showed that a critical moment for the clinical condition of the followed restorations is the 12th month of the treatment.

A Randomised Clinical Trial Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Compomer and Composite Materials in Class II Primary Molar Restorations: 24-Month Results

A Randomised Clinical Trial Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Compomer and Composite Materials in Class II Primary Molar Restorations: 24-Month Results