Primary Kaposi Research Articles

Primary Cardiac Kaposi's Sarcoma

Primary Cardiac Kaposi's Sarcoma

HIV-related primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the lower eyelids mimicking a vascular malformation in an otherwise asymptomatic patient

A patient presenting with reddish-blue nodules on both the lower eyelids and no other lesion is reported. The nodules were compressible and promptly resumed their original size and shapes upon removing the pressure. At first sight, these lesions were clinically suggestive of a vascular malformation. Carotid angiograms supported this diagnosis. However, the analysis of the serum samples of the patient revealed an underlying HIV infection. Therefore, a diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was considered as a possibility. Incisional biopsy histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of KS. In this case, the clinical presentation, the angiography, and the absence of any other symptoms suggestive of an immunodeficient status were clearly misleading and the correct clinical diagnosis was only made possible by the laboratory studies.

The Increased Burden of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in Central Africa: Lymph Node Biopsies in Lusaka, Zambia, 1981 and 1990

In order to assess the effect of the HIV epidemic on lymph node biopsies in Central Africa, HIV-1 serology was tested on a cohort of patients undergoing node biopsy in Lusaka in 1990, and the histology of all lymph nodes biopsied in Lusaka in 1981 and 1990 was reviewed. One hundred and eighteen lymph nodes were biopsied in 1981 and 351 in 1990. Cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis increased from 52 (31 children and 21 adults) in 1981 to 186 (22 children, 160 adults, four patients unknown age) in 1990. Sixty-eight of 77 adults (88%) with tuberculous lymphadenitis in 1990 tested HIV-positive. Cases of histology suspicious of primary HIV lymphadenopathy and nodal Kaposi's disease also increased. Cases of malignant lymphadenopathy and overall number of surgical biopsies remained equivalent for 1981 and 1990. The study concludes that the HIV epidemic has led to a large increase in diagnostic lymph node biopsies in Lusaka, mostly through an increase in HIV-related adult tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Primary intraosseous Kaposi's sarcoma of the maxilla in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Review of literature and report of case

Primary intraosseous Kaposi's sarcoma of the maxilla in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Review of literature and report of case

Primary classic Kaposi's sarcoma of glans penis – appearance on magnetic resonance imaging

Primary classic Kaposi's sarcoma of glans penis – appearance on magnetic resonance imaging

Primary Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma Limited to the Glans Penis (Not Associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

We report two cases of primary Kaposi's sarcoma limited to the glans penis. In circumcised men the basic lesion appears as a reddish-violet nodule. The patients denied homosexuality, drug abuse or blood transfusion. Excision of the lesion with wide margins and radiotherapy was adequate therapy. Serological investigations for HIV were all negative. At two years and one year after operation the patients are well with normal serology.

Primary intraosseous AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Report of two cases with initial jaw involvement

AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which in 80% of cases occurs in the oral cavity, usually presents with characteristic clinical features such as brown-bluish pigmented macules or tumorous lesions. In later stages the tumor, most probably originating from the vascular endothelium, may secondarily induce erosion of the underlying bone. The primary, intraosseous occurrence of KS has prompted the present 2 case reports. The tumor presented as extensive, diffuse osteolysis within the mandible without causing clinical symptoms. Although rare, intraosseous KS must be included in the differential diagnosis of isolated bone defects in HIV-infected patients.

Primary oral Kaposi's sarcoma of the hard palate

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), or multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma, is an uncommon vascular tumor of endothelial origin that most commonly arises in the skin. Pharyngeal involvement occurs in only 10% of cases of classic KS. Almost all cases have skin, lymph node, and/ or gastrointestinal involvement.1 In fact, any organ except the brain can be affected.? Abramson and Simonsreported that 84% of their cases of KS of the head and

Primary pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A cause of persistent pyrexia

Primary pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A cause of persistent pyrexia

Primary kaposi's sarcoma of the lymph node in children

A case of primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the lymph node (single node involvement) is reported on here. It occurred in a white, Italian boy 10 years of age. An extensive review of the literature showed that this was only the second childhood case of the disease among non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related people of the Western world.

Primary pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A cause of persistent pyrexia

Primary pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A cause of persistent pyrexia

Histological and immunological features of primary Kaposi´s sarcoma: evaluation before and after chemotherapy

Forty-one patients with primary Kaposi´s sarcoma (KS) have been evaluated clinically, histologically and immunologically at the time of diagnosis. There was no correlation between histological and immunological features. Moreover, the disease did not appear to be related to particular HLA phenotypes. The T4/T8 ratio was augmented. Leu 7+ cells were also significantly increased. The last 15 patients who received chemotherapy were recently reevaluated after treatment and an increase in B lymphocytes was observed. We also observed that spindle-shaped cells (SSC), which appear later in the histopathological course of the disease, disappear first during chemotherapy, concomitantly with the increase in B cells. We conclude that the course of the disease appears to be controlled by the host´s immune response, though there is no clear correlation between histological and immunological evolution. Several immunological features differentiating it from AIDS associated KS have been found.

Cancer in Haiti 1979-84: distribution of various forms of cancer according to geographical area and sex.

Haiti exemplifies all of the problems of developing countries: poverty, hunger, reduced longevity, and an illiteracy rate of more than 75%. It is, therefore, not surprising that so little attention has been given to late-onset chronic diseases, particularly cancer. The results of a special survey of cancer cases first diagnosed in 1979-84 are presented, with relative proportions of cancers by site, according to age, sex and geographical area of origin (coastal vs. mountain). The major cancers recorded were: stomach and intestine, primary hepatic (especially in males), cervix, penis, and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). There were 18 cases of KS, all of which occurred among AIDS patients. Among males, hepatic cancers accounted for a significantly larger percentage of cancer cases in the mountain vs. coastal origin group, while the reverse was true for penile cancer and KS. These preliminary data on cancer in Haiti are discussed with particular reference to dietary factors (for cancers of stomach, intestine, liver and cervix). The clarification and confirmation of these possible relationships between diet and cancer should provide an opportunity to elucidate environmental factors as causes of cancer.

Immunologic and immunogenetic features of primary Kaposi's sarcoma.

In order to establish if immunologic alterations seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma are also present in the primary form of this malignancy, peripheral blood T-lymphocyte characterization and HLA A, B, C, and DR phenotyping have been carried out in 18 patients with the primary form of the disease. HLA antigen distribution was not significantly different from that of the normal population and, in particular, DR5 was only marginally increased. The T4/T8 ratio was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group, and this was due to a marked decrease in suppressor cells. The possible pathogenetic relevance of these findings is discussed.

Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the head and neck.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a cutaneous neoplasm commonly arising in the extremities, and rarely in the mucosa or skin of the head and neck. We discuss nine cases of Kaposi's sarcoma arising in the head and neck region, retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, together with 74 cases from the literature. The commonest mucosal locations include the conjunctiva, palate, tongue, tonsils, and gums; common cutaneous sites are the eyelids, nose, ears, and face. Prognosis, sex distribution, and susceptible population groups for the head and neck tumor are similar to those for the commoner peripheral cutaneous form. Seventy percent of patients were 50 years or older; 15% of tumors occurred in children under 16 years. Children under 16 years were more likely to have initial head and neck involvement. In our series, 7 of 11 tumors in children initially involved the conjunctiva or skin of the eyelid. Recently the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma has been increasing in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The age of incidence for this group is lower; more tumors occur on the upper body, skin, and mucosal surfaces of the head and neck; and the prognosis is poorer than in traditional cases of Kaposi's sarcoma.

Primary Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Hodgkin’s Disease in the Same Lymph Node

The occurrence of primary Kaposi's sarcoma in a lymph node affected by Hodgkin's disease is reported. The case concerns a 43-year-old woman with a recurrence of Hodgkin's disease 13 years after its initial diagnosis. In one of four excised supraclavicular nodes a Kaposi's sarcoma was unexpectedly found. The present observation stresses once more that the two diseases are closely related and possibly share the same pathogenesis.

Primary Kaposi’s Sarcoma in Lymph Nodes Concurrent with Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia

Both Kaposi's sarcoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia affect the lymph nodes, and not infrequently, the same patient. The authors describe the occurrence of both diseases in the same lymph node. The rarity of this finding suggests different histopathogenic origins of the two diseases.

Primary cardiac Kaposi's sarcoma.

We report the clinical, laboratory, and necropsy findings in a 14-year-old boy with a primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the heart. Primary cardiac Kaposi's sarcoma and angiosarcoma are compared, and the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma is discussed. Relevant literature is briefly reviewed.

Oral Kaposi's sarcoma

A new case of primary oral Kaposi's sarcoma associated with immunosuppressive therapy is presented. The literature related to oral Kaposi's sarcoma is reviewed, and the pathogenesis of this condition is briefly discussed. There is a possibility that early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma may be misdiagnosed clinically and histopathologically as simple pyogenic granulomas.

Epidemic Cutaneous Herpes Simplex in Wrestlers (Herpes Gladiatorum)

Infection of the skin with herpes simplex assumes a variety of forms which are classified as either primary or recurrent.¹Primary infection is the initial infection, whereas recurrent disease represents activation of a herpetic focus which has lain dormant for weeks, months, or sometimes years. Cutaneous involvement in primary herpes simplex may accompany gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, vulvovaginitis, balanitis, or urethritis.¹In visceral herpes of the newborn, hepatitis of the malnourished, or herpetic meningoencephalitis, skin lesions are too inconspicuous and occur too infrequently to be of much diagnostic value.^1-4Localized primary infections in which the skin is the portal of entry are probably most common on the hand, especially about the fingers, although they may occur anywhere. The so-called herpetic whitlow is a special hazard for dentists, nurses, and physicians who work about the mouths of persons who harbor the virus.^5,6Primary Kaposi's varicelliform eruption is a generalized