Primary Informants Research Articles

Cyclical Longitudinal Ethnography as an Innovative Design for Addressing Sexuality Education in South African Rural Farm Schools

Addressing Sexuality Education among learners in rural schools can be challenging when using traditional designs such as ethnography and phenomenology. This paper introduces Cyclical Longitudinal Ethnography as an innovative design for addressing Sexuality Education in South African rural farm schools. This design was developed as part of an engaged scholarship on HIV prevention in rural farm schools in Soutpansberg North Circuit, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The paper provides an overview of Sexuality Education at schools and the challenges thereof. It further provides the basics of ethnography and its limitation. The paper then introduces and describes cyclical ethnography as an alternative to original ethnography. The design allows researchers to still have a prolonged engagement with the community without gross disruption of other academic responsibilities such as tuition, academic citizenship, leadership, and administration. The design allows the researcher to visit the area several times over the years, enabling the researcher to observe variations of a phenomenon over time. The Cyclical nature of the design allows data collection, analysis, intervention, monitoring, and evaluation to be conducted iteratively. Though there are primary key informants, the findings could lead to other key informants, settings, and interventions which were not part of the initial plan and objectives. In this study, the target population was educators teaching Sexuality Education, but it ended up involving learners, parents, and community members. The Longitudinal nature of the design enables the researchers to see the impact of the interventions.

Behavior of men having sex with men with HIV-positive population in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission: A phenomenology study

Objective: To explore the behaviors of HIV-positive MSM (risk and protective behavior) in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission based on self-identity, cultural script, interpersonal script, and intrapsychic script among HIV-positive MSM. Methodology: We conducted this qualitative study in Jember Regency-Indonesia with a phenomenological approach from April and June 2021. Informants were taken by purposive sampling, with the total primary informants being 12 HIV-positive MSM. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with open-ended questions using guidelines and performed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Most of the informants became MSM due to self-actualization. The perspective of self-identity was mostly insertive. The cultural script shows that most HIV-positive MSMs tend to be open only to people considered. The interpersonal script consists of three stages in the dating process. In the intrapsychic script, the sexual orientation of the informants is based on mutual liking, comfort, and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: HIV-positive MSMs have appropriate sexual intentions and plans to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission to their partner. Still, a lack of implementation is presented due to misperception and low information. Therefore, the authorities must disseminate appropriate information about HIV/AIDS control programs in at-risk communities, particularly HIV-positive MSM.

Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Mandeh melalui rekonstruksi kearifan lokal perempuan pesisir, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Sumatera Barat

The Mandeh Tourism Area has been considered as Raja Ampat of the western Sumatra. However, this tourist area is very genuine and has not functioned as well as possible. In the National Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPPNAS) in 1998, the Mandeh tourism area recorded as a center for marine tourism development for the western region of Indonesia, along with Biak and Bunaken in the eastern part. Towards this preparation, exploring all aspects of local potential in preserving marine tourism is necessary. One of the aspects is through women's groups. Women's understanding is fundamental in environmental examination to create an environmentally friendly and women-friendly life. Therefore, investigating its potential as a reconstruction reference is necessary. This paper aims to describe the local potential of women in the Mandeh tourist area through the rebuilding of environmentally friendly local wisdom. This article employed an approach that focuses on the historical method, especially the oral history method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The primary informants of this study were women in the Mandeh Integrated Tourism Area using the snowball technique. Data analysis was collected by using a historical analysis model. The local wisdom of Mandeh women can be categorized into several groups; (1) in preserving the environment and maintaining marine ecosystems through the prevention of their husbands who work as fishermen in brutal fishing; (2) utilization of the natural surroundings for healthy food and medicine; (3) culinary processing based on local potential.

Trend Media Sosial dalam Pendidikan Islam; Analisis tentang Model Pemanfaatannya

This study aims to analyze trends in the use of social media in Islamic education with a focus on three things: the types, benefits and models of using social media in Islamic religious education lessons. This research was conducted at Ibtidaiyah Madrasa Muhammadiyah Kenteng, which uses social media to support its daily learning. The two focus studies above were examined using qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. The research informants consisted of teachers as primary informants and school principals, parents and students as secondary informants. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation studies. The study results revealed that the types of social media users were Facebook, whats app, Instagram, and youtube. Facebook functions for friendship networks, then the whats app for group communication, then Instagram for sharing information, and YouTube for sharing learning videos. The benefit is as a medium to disseminate Islamic studies to students. The usage model is sharing information, assignments, references, and networking.

Patients and Their Companion Perception about Disease and How to Communicate to Medical Practitioners

Understanding the patient's and companion's perception of the patient's illness can improve the patient's compliance and overall satisfaction. Patients' understanding of their illness is essential for recovery. Doctors should understand the perceptions and interpretations about the illness, experience, knowledge and culture of patients and their companions. The disease is what happens to the patient. Arthur Kleinman's Explanatory Model of Illness provides a guide for understanding the patient's point of view. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of stroke experienced by patients, according to the point of view of the patient and his companion, and the treatment they had, second, to explore how the patient and the companion convey the condition to the doctor. The method uses a phenomenological approach through interviews, observations, and secondary patient data. There are two primary informants, namely two patients and two companions. This study's results indicate a gap regarding the meaning of the disease between the patient's conception and the health sciences. Patients' and their companion's perceptions denote the economic, social, and political background in terms of the patient's illness. The information that patient and companion convey to doctors, usually do not whole information about what they have done during the journey of treatment. Models for interaction that are mainly developed are between doctor and patient. For effective communication between doctor and companion to help the patient better, there is an important model for consultation that includes triadic communication: doctor-patient-companion which can be advantageous. Important also for the doctor to upgrade the knowledge about understanding not only biomedical information but also the socio, psycho, cultural, and religion of the patient.

Sustainable services for the elderly in Malang city: A qualitative study

Introduction: The continuity of various health services, such as hospitals and health centers, is needed to maintain the quality of care for the elderly. This study aimed to explore service providers’ role in sustainable services for the elderly. Methods: This study used a qualitative method to explore sustainable services for the elderly. The research participants totaled 16 people, namely primary and secondary informants. The researcher uses Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guidelines to become his own research instrument. The analysis in this study used Thematic Analysis.

OPTIMIZING PANGLIMA LAOT IN MARITIME DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN LHOKSEUMAWE CITY

The existence of Panglima Laot in Aceh apart from being a social leader of the customary community legal alliance, is also an Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS) institution. The juridical basis of its position is contained in Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh, its implementing regulations are in the form of Aceh Qanuns such as Aceh Qanun No. 9 of 2008 concerning the Guidance of Customary Life and Customs, and Aceh Qanun No. 10 of 2008 concerning Customary Institutions . Based on the description on the background above, in this legal research it can be formulated how the position of Panglima Laot as a marine dispute resolution institution in the legal system in Indonesia and whether Panglima Laot is optimal as an institution in maritime dispute resolution in Lhokseumawe City . This research is an empirical legal research with a qualitative approach that uses primary data and secondary data. In obtaining primary data, respondents and informants were determined. The new positive law will have an effective force if it contains, or is in harmony with the laws that live in society. The focal point of legal development is not in laws, judge decisions, or legal science, but in society itself.

PELAKSANAAN PROMOSI MELALUI KEGIATAN EVENT LOMBA NON AKADEMIK TINGKAT SMP/MTS

School creativity in gathering the interest of registrants in each school is very much needed, including conducting non-academic competitions, as has been done by SMA Muhammadiyah 6 Palembang. The title of this study is "Implementation of Promotions Through Non-Academic Competition Events for Junior High School/Madrasah Tsanawiyah at Muhammadiyah 6 Senior High School Palembang". This study aimed to determine the implementation of promotion through non-academic competitions at the Junior High School/Madrasah Tsanawiyah at Muhammadiyah 6 Senior High School Palembang and supporting factors and obstacles to school promotion through non-academic competition events at the junior high school / MTs level at Muhammadiyah 6 Palembang High School. In this study, the type of research that will be used as a type of qualitative descriptive research. The primary informants in this study were the Principal, while the supporting informants were the Vice Principal for Student Affairs / Public Relations and Teachers of Muhammadiyah 6 Palembang High School. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The analytical methods used are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study show that the Implementation of School Promotion through Non-Academic Competition Events at SMA Muhammadiyah 6 Palembang has been carried out well through several indicators, namely market, mission, message, media, money and measurement. The supporting factors and obstacles to school promotion through non-academic competition events at the junior high school / MTs level at Muhammadiyah 6 Palembang High School are 1) Supporting factors are good communication between student committees, teachers, staff and school stakeholders, facilities to support activities and the availability of sufficient funds so that the competition event is held properly. 2) The inhibiting factors are other schools that hold similar non-academic competition events and inadequate medical equipment so that injured students must be taken to the hospital when there are injured students.

Application of Food Hygiene and Sanitation Principles on Food Handlers at The Madang Campus Canteen, Faculty of Medicine University of Sriwijaya

A food handler must know information related to hygiene, sanitation, and food nutrition and maintain food health and hygiene so that consumers can avoid the dangers of food or drink that does not meet health requirements. Until now, there are no guidelines that stipulate regulations regarding the provision of safe and hygienic food and beverages in canteens. The design used in this research is qualitative research with a case study method. The sampling method used was the purposive sampling technique. The research data were obtained from 1 key informant, five primary informants, and four supporting informants who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data analysis method used is content analysis. The results of this study are the application of food hygiene and sanitation principles has been carried out by food handlers. Still, there are some discrepancies between the theory and applicable rules. This study concludes that applying the principles of hygiene and sanitation carried out by food handlers in the Madang Campus canteen is not by the appropriate theories and rules.

Adolescent Mental Health During Stay at Home of The Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine and describe the mental health impacts that arise in adolescents during the stay-at-home period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research was a Mix Method with a Sequential Explanatory approach with a Participant Selection model. There were 12 informants in this study consisting of 6 primary informants, 3 key informants, and 3 additional informants. The population in this study amounted to 1000 people with a total sampling technique. The results showed that the highest frequency of each variable was very severe anxiety amounting to 313 people, Normal Stress was 511 people, and normal depression was 548 people. Loneliness, confinedness, academic pressure, parental pressure, family relationships, and fear of infection negatively affect adolescents' mental health. The impact of anxiety on adolescents during the Stay at the home period of the COVID-19 pandemic is feeling fear of contracting COVID-19 either themselves or those close to them. The impact of stress on adolescents during the stay at home period of the COVID-19 pandemic is that it is difficult to focus when online learning, feeling lonely being at home continuously, feel bored at home and feel like they are confined because they can't go anywhere during this pandemic. The impact of depression on adolescents during the stay at home period of the COVID-19 pandemic is that, overall, there are actually few teenagers who appear to be experiencing depression or symptoms of depression

The Health Protocol in the Probolinggo District's Tourism Development

The goal of this study is to describe and analyze the application of health protocols to the growth of the tourism sector as the implementation of Probolinggo Regent Regulation Number 62 of 2020 in the region of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Sukapura District, and Probolinggo Regency; to describe and analyze the motivating and impeding factors for the application of health protocols in the tourism sector as the implementation of Probolinggo Regent Regulation. The primary informants and other informants in this qualitative study. Key informants are knowledgeable about and have access to various fundamental data. The key informants are the managers and stakeholders in the tourism industry who are directly involved in the investigated social interactions. According to the study, following health standards and providing cleaning supplies are two ways regulations are implemented. Implementing health protocols, however, will not be able to return the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park region's economic situation to what it was prior to the Covid-19 outbreak. Business players' responses to interviews revealed that since the Covid-19 Pandemic, income has fallen.

Performance analysis of state civil apparatus of regional development planning agency Rokan Hilir Regency Indonesia

This study aims to determine and analyze the State Civil Apparatus performance at the Regional Development Planning Agency of Rokan Hilir Regency. The provision of performance allowances to each employee is expected to realize discipline enforcement. Therefore, it can improve employee performance in providing services to agencies and the community and can improve welfare for civil servants within the Regional Planning and Development Agency of Rokan Hilir Regency. This research uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive research type. The primary informants in this study were officials in the Regional Development Planning Agency of Rokan Hilir Regency. Sample selection is done by (purposive sampling). Based on the results of research and data analysis shows that (1) Performance Allowance is very influential on the Performance Achievement of the State Civil Apparatus of the Regional Development Planning Board of Rokan Hilir Regency; it is concluded based on the responses of respondents who on average have a problem with the provision of performance allowances that are not by the workload that is being carried out. This is because ASN still does not work but still receives performance allowances.

Patient Claim Financing at RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Findings on the health status and condition of patients who came to Dr. Kariadi were classified into two categories comorbid and co-incident. For patient claims to be funded, an assembling process and case-mix coding are carried out for the submission process based on the results of checking the status and health conditions of comorbid and co-incident patients. This study explores the procedure for the process of financing the patient's claim at Dr. RSUP. Kariadi Semarang during the covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in a phenomenological descriptive qualitative manner with the data sources coming from primary informants. Sampling technique with the selection according to the criteria then conducted an interview. Flow analysis model and interactive analysis model were used to analyze the data. For Covid-19 patients with comorbidities, previously a claim was made for Covid-19 cases, and if the Covid-19 case was completed but the comorbidities persisted, the guarantor switched from the Ministry of Health to BPJS Health. The procedure for the process of financing a patient's claim at Dr. RSUP. Kariadi Semarang during the COVID-19 pandemic there were two guarantors from the Ministry of Health and BPJS Health.

PROBLEMATIKA LAYANAN PERPUSTAKAAN KELILING MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DAN KENORMALAN BARU DI DINAS KEARSIPAN DAN PERPUSTAKAAN KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN

This study aims to find out the problems of mobile library services at the Padang Pariaman Regency Archives and Library Service during the covid-19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. There are 2 informants in this study, namely primary informants and secondary informants. The main informants in this study were 5 people with details, two librarians, the Head of the Mobile Library Service Section, the Head of the Library Division, and the Secretary of the Padang Pariaman Regency Archives and Library Service. Data collection techniques were carried out by interview, observation, and documentation methods. This study used validation techniques which included extended participation, persistence of observation and triangulation. The results of this study indicate that services (1) as a result of the covid 19 pandemic mobile libraries cannot operate as they should so that there are several new policies that change mobile library services such as; mobile library services no longer make visits to nagari, currently mobile libraries only go to school as the focus of their services; Mobile library collections can no longer be loaned, but users can only read the collections on the spot. (2) there is no development in the implementation of mobile library services in the new normal. The implementation of mobile library services is still carrying out services like during the pandemic. (3) the need for a solution to the problem of mobile library services during the pandemic delivered by the librarian, namely re-establishing mobile library services to villages and carrying out social inclusion, as well as making changes in library collections.

Exploring travel for work-life balance: a study on solo woman travellers in bali

With the importance of balance in life, the phenomenon of work-life balance is very engaging to be associated with travelling activities, especially solo travel, which became popular during the COVID-19 pandemic as a new trend that emerged. This research aims to analyse the phenomenon of travelling for work-life balance, whether it can be a trend or lifestyle, using an exploratory study approach that focuses on solo women travellers in Bali, especially those from Denpasar City and Badung Regency. Qualitative descriptive methods were used in this study, with data collection techniques through literature studies, observations, and comprehensive interviews of 13 informants consisting of 10 primary informants, 2 key informants, and 1 supporting informant. The selection of informants is carried out using purposive sampling techniques with the Pentahelix approach. With the selection of the primary informant criteria, namely, solo woman travellers in Bali aged 18-26 years, and the criteria of key informants and supporters are academics that have insights into the field of travel, especially in women travellers. The results showed that travelling activities have a strong and significant influence in building new behaviour patterns towards women travellers in Bali in doing solo travelling activities to achieve work-life balance. The need for healing activities for their lives and performance become a motivation and desire that every solo woman traveller in Bali wants to realise. Travelling for work-life balance plays a vital role in achieving productivity and can be a workable lifestyle.

Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Antenatal Terpadu pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Puskesmas Tamamaung Kota Makassar

Integrated antenatal care is a comprehensive and quality antenatal service provided to all pregnant women. The purpose of the study was to determine the implementation of the integrated antenatal program during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Tamamaung Health Center in Makassar City. Qualitative research method with four primary informants with purposive sampling technique and 11 triangulation informants. Data collection used in-depth interview guidelines, observation sheets, and documentation. The results of the study concluded that the input aspect of Human Resources was sufficient and by the standards of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The facilities are adequate, but the building infrastructure requires room expansion because it is still small. Funding is available from BOK and BPJS. Policies and SOPs, as well as aspects of the process, are by the Integrated AntenatalGuidelines of the Indonesian Ministry of Health and Practical Instructions for Maternal and Newborn Health Services during the COVID 19 Pandemic. The output aspect has increased by sloping COVID-19 cases with K1 75% and K4 70%. It is hoped that the increase in integrated antenatal services so that the monitoring of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic can run well.

Implementation of Business Process Reengineering during New Normal in Dinamika University Library

This research aims to find out how the implementation of business process reengineering occurred in the Dinamika University library during the new normal era. The method uses an exploratory approach by conducting in-depth interviews with key informants, the head of the library division, and the primary informants are library staff. This research will stop if the informants interviewed by the researcher provide the same information or the answers are no longer varied. In this study, the data collection uses triangulation techniques that combine documentation studies, participant observation, and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study are the breakthrough in making the Library Online Services Application and the Dynamics of Box of Sterilization to sterilize a collection of books that have been borrowed, routinely promoted through Instagram, and developing an independent upload system.

Social Interaction and Political Communication of Female Politician

The public’s views about the position of women that have not contributed a lot to and have not been much engaged in politics, among others, pose a challenge to women to interact in the social environment as well as to communicate their ideas in politics. While men make up a majority of politicians in Indonesia, only a few women are politicians. The social interaction and political communication of female politicians become a topic that is worth studying. This research focuses on a female politician, Indah Kurnia, who sits in the House Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI). The conceptual and theoretical method used in this study is a theory in the communication science, particularly social interaction and political communication. This research uses qualitative method, particularly in conducting interviews with one primary informant and two additional informants. The result and discussion of this research show that the woman raised in this research is an individual that has a variety of social interactions in the diverse social environment. In addition, she also has typical characteristics of strategy for political communication media covering personal campaign, moderate, comprehensive and more-than--expected appearance, exemplary leadership and concrete work, and music.

Implementasi Layanan PDP di Layanan Kesehatan Primer Kabupaten Banyumas

HIV / AIDS is increasing year by year the incidence of transmission and death. In Indonesia, it is a health problem that must be handled intensively. The high mortality rate of people living with HIV/AIDS is due to non-optimal management of patients. Various factors influence the increase in morbidity and mortality of HIV/AIDS. Care, support and treatment (PDP) services are integrated and continuous services to provide support to PLWHA in managerial, medical, psychological and social aspects to reduce problems encountered during care and treatment. The cumulative number of PLWHA found in Banyumas Regency in 2006 - August 2021 was 3,958 cases, who met the requirements for ARV therapy as many as 2,447 cases and 2,521 cases who had access to ARV. Of the 2,521 people living with HIV who accessed ARVs, only 773 cases were currently on ARVs, 453 cases died, 6 cases stopped ARVs, 1178 lost follow-up (LFU) cases and 423 cases were referred out. This study is a qualitative research that aims to explore the implementation of PDP services in primary services in Banyumas Regency. The method of data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews. There were 7 informants in this study, namely 4 counselors as primary informants and secondary informants, 2 coordinator midwives and 1 PLWHA. Data analysis in this qualitative research uses thematic content analysis. The results showed that the implementation of PDP services in primary services in Banyumas district was quite good, indicated by the availability of adequate supporting infrastructure. Health workers who work in PDP services have a counselor training certificate. Constraints that are not yet able to assist clients.

PATIENT CLAIM FINANCING AT RSUP DR. KARIADI SEMARANG DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang sees both outpatients and inpatients to assess their health status and condition. Patient's health status and condition are classified into two groups: comorbid and co-incident. Patient claims are funded based on status and health conditions of comorbid and co-incident patients. The objectives this research is to know about the patient claim financing procedures of RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang during covid-19 pandemic. This research is descriptive qualitative using phenomenological. Primary data sources quotations were chosen using either purposeful sampling or criterion-based selection. The research informants are the primary informants. Informants are Hospital's first primary informant, the Coordinator of Coding Casemixes, and the second primary informant, the Nurse Coordinator of the Covid-19 Handling Room, as well as the first triangulation informant, the Head of the Medical Record Unit, and the second triangulation informant, the Head of the Covid-19 Handling Task Force. Interviews is methods for gathering data. Source triangulation is used for data triangulation. Data analysis using flow model of analysis and interactive analysis model. The result of this research are covid-19 with comorbidity or covid-19 with co-incident in patients because the guarantor is different, the case will be entered twice if it is a co-incident. If the condition is comorbid, the claim is handled separately. Previously, a claim was made for the covid-19 case, and if the covid-19 case was completed but the comorbidities persisted, the guarantor was changed from the Ministry of Health to BPJS Health. The conclusion is during the covid-19 pandemic, the procedures of RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang's patient claim financing process are two, such as the guarantor from the Ministry of Health and BPJS Health. Keywords: Patient claim, financing, process