Developed countries have an established pattern for recording clinical data. The unit medical record allows statistics to be extrapolated, as well as disease patterns, births, and causes of deaths. In technologically advanced countries, medical records serve the health needs of clinic and hospital patients. However, it is now becoming clear that the emphasis on hospitalization in patient care is no longer appropriate; the emphasis must be switched from curative services to preventive and basic curative services at the primary health care level. A similar alteration will be necessary in the recordkeeping system. As progress towards literacy occurs, the aim will be to expand and improve the recording of basic data. In the next highest level, the district health center, records can be very simple. Increasing sophistication can be instituted at the higher levels of district hospital and central referral hospital. Obviously there must be adequate medical records to directly support clinical care. This paper goes on to outline the structure of such a system geared to the needs of a developing country. It is basically a model for a pilot project. The various problems which might arise before the system is implemented and can be viable include: 1) precise identification of medical records, 2) the need for standardization and definition of diagnoses, and 3) lack of coordination and/or inappropriate utilization of medical records, procedures, or personnel. Concerning procedures, there could be problems with incorrect data production, erroneous channelling of information, or improper feedback. At the lowest level of the chain would be the rural or urban health unit or the mobile health visitor with the primary health worker (PHW). Forms to be used include an attendance card, an infant weight chart, temperature chart, and referral form. The PHW must be appropriately trained in the recognition of signs and symptoms of diseases most likely to be encountered, basic drug therapy, how to record weight and temperature, and when and to whom to refer a patient. The district center is at the next level in the chain and similar schedules and training have been prepared for this and other health workers at higher levels in the health care chain.