Attending Primary Health Care Research Articles

Nutritional study among adolescent pregnant attending primary health care centers

It was the goal of this study to examine the relationship between pregnant women's consumption of fruits, vegetables, and ultra-processed foods and their nutritional status. Analysis of data from a cohort study of pregnant women enrolled in prenatal care at a primary health care center in the urban area of Al Qyarah, Saudi Arabia Socioeconomic, obstetric, and maternal anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data will be collected from October 2021 to January 2022. (obtained in the 1st clinical evaluation, between the 16th and 20th week of gestation, performed at the health unit). Serum concentrations of vitamin E, folic acid and beta-carotene, as well as pre-pregnancy body mass (BMI, kg/m2), were used to assess nutritional status. Anemia and vitamin A deficiency were also examined. Only 183 of the 860 pregnant women screened were found to be ineligible for the study, and 171 had subsequently dropped out. As a result, 506 pregnant women were included in the study, with 26% of them being adolescents (under the age of 20) and 44% being primigravidae. 15.4% of pregnant women had anemia, and 10.9% had vitamin A deficiency, both of which were found in the study.

Cardiovascular Risks and Outcome in COVID-19 Positive Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Attending Primary Health Care Corporation in Qatar: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. This study describes the risks and outcome in COVID-19 patients with CVD attending Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) settings in Qatar. ObjectiveTo report whether CVD increases the risk for hospitalization and further complications in COVID-19 patients. MethodsRetrospective cohort study. ResultsA total of 10,178 CVD patients’ data who tested positive for COVID-19 were extracted from electronic medical records on the basis of inclusion criteria and analyzed during the period of February 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 (11 months). Among the patients included in the study, 64% (n=6527) were men and 36% (n=3651) were women; 23% (n=2299) were Qataris and 77% (n=7879) were non-Qataris. Among the selected age group of greater than 25 to less than 75 years, the median age was 50.83 years. More than half of the patients had diabetes (69.6%; n=7086) followed by hypertension (68.4%; n=6965) and dyslipidemia (45.1%; n=4590). Other comorbidities were obesity (18.3%; n=1862), kidney disease (6.5%; n=659), hematologic problems (4.2%; n=425), liver disorders (1.4%; n=142), rheumatic heart disease (1.3%; n=131) and neurologic symptoms (1.3%; n=128). Multivariate analysis for factors associated with inpatient admissions in last 28 days for patients with CVD reported that patients with age greater than 70 years are 2.8 (1.86-4.18) times higher risk of hospital admission as compared with the patients 25-30 years of age. ConclusionThe pre-existing CVD with age and other comorbidities predict the risk for hospitalization and further complications in patients with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to investigate the data from primary and secondary care about the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of patients who have survived COVID-19.

Nutritional Knowledge and Feeding Practice among Mothers of Under-Five Children Attending Primary Health Care Clinic in Ikorodu Local Government Area

Nutrition is an important part of a child’s growth and development, especially the first two years of life considered to be the window of opportunity where we can improve the wellbeing of a child. This study, therefore, investigated mother’s nutritional knowledge and the nutritional status of their children in a selected health centre in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 400 participants for the study. A 43-item validated semi-structured questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.71; 0.72; 0.70 was used to collect data. Frequency, pie chart, Chi-square, and correlation analysis was conducted to give statistical responses to the research question and hypotheses using SPSS version 23. The mean age of the respondents was 30 ± 6.4 years. More than half (56.6%) of the respondents were married, 70% were Yoruba’s, and 61.3% were Christians. Respondents mean knowledge score was 5.9±1.96, while most (78.8%) of the respondents had good nutritional knowledge. Respondents mean child feeding practices score was 6.05±1.98, with more than half (59.2%) of the respondents having good child feeding practices. There was a significant relationship between respondent’s knowledge of nutrition and their child feeding practices (r=-0.13, p value= 0.007). In conclusion the mothers’ nutritional knowledge was good, the study further showed that there is a significant association between mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the nutritional status of the children. The study recommended that women should be educated by trained nutritionists on the types of locally available foods that promote growth in children during ante-natal clinics.

Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior in primary care settings in Mozambique

BackgroundThis study assessed the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors in public primary health care in Mozambique.MethodsThe Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to evaluate suicidal behavior among 502 adults attending three Primary Health Care (PHC) settings.ResultsIn the past month, 13% (n = 63) of PHC attendees expressed suicidal ideation, 8% (n = 40) had made a suicide plan, 4% (n = 20) had made a suicide attempt, and 5% (n = 25) reported a lifetime suicide attempt. Females had 2.8-fold increased odds of suicide plan (95% CI: 1.5, 5.5) and 3.3-fold increased odds of suicide attempt in the past month (95% CI: 1.2, 9.1). Each 10-year increase in age was associated with 0.61-fold the odds of suicide plan (95% CI: 0.38, 0.98) and 0.09-fold the odds of suicide attempt (95% CI: 0.01, 0.69) in the past month. People living with HIV (PLWHA) had 2.2-fold increased adjusted odds of past month suicide attempt (CI: 1.1, 4.1).ConclusionSuicidal behaviors are common among adults attending PHC clinics in Mozambique. Screening and linkage to effective preventive interventions are urgently needed in PHC settings. Females, younger individuals, and PLWHA are at elevated risk for suicidal behavior in PHC.

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in Palestinian patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem because of high morbidity and mortality and high costs of treatment. Diabetes is a major risk factor for development and progression of CKD. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of CKD among patients with type 2 diabetes treated in primary health care (PHC) centres in the north area of West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory. MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used. A sample size of 385 patients was calculated based on following sample size formula n=Z2 × P × (1 – P)/d2, where p is the expected CKD prevalence and d is the margin of error. All patients with diabetes are referred to their district's PHC clinics for follow-up and management, with 25·35 patients being seen per day. Patients eligible for this study had type 2 diabetes, were 18 years or older. Those with type 1 diabetes or gestational diabetes, women who were pregnant, and those who did not have at least two creatinine measurements at least 3 months apart were excluded from the study. Patients were recruited at random. Between September and December, 2018, every third patient on a given day's client list was chosen. Data were obtained from personal interviews with patients and from their electronic health records Collected data included patients’ characteristics, creatinine levels, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and duration of hypertension and diabetes. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. CKD was staged according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes System 2012 guidelines. We did univariate and multivariate analyses in SPSS version 20. The threshold for significance was p<0·05. The study was approved by Al-Najah National University Institutional Review Board and the Palestinian Ministry of Health. Patients provided written informed consent. FindingsWe recruited 386 patients with diabetes (192 [50%] men, 194 [50%] women) with a mean age of 60·6 (10·4) years. The mean duration of diabetes was 12·4 years (range 3·9–20·9) and HbA1c concentrations ranged from 6·39% to 10·47% (mean 8·4% SD 2·0). The prevalence of CKD was 24% (95% CI 19–28). Among these, 76 (20%) had stage 3, ten (3%) had stage 4, and five (1%) had stage 5 CKD. In multivariate logistic regression, CKD was significantly associated with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio 5·7, 95% CI 2·2–15·2·2, p=0·0052), smoking (2·3, 1·3–4·2, p=0·0134), and age 60 years or older (3·2, 1·8–5·9, p<0·0001). InterpretationCKD was common among adults with diabetes attending PHC centres in this study. Screening of patients with diabetes to detect CKD at earlier stages and implementation of more aggressive treatment modalities for diabetes as well as other important risk factors, especially hypertension and smoking are recommended. FundingNone.

Missed Opportunities for Vaccination and Associated Factors among Children Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Cape Town, South Africa: A Pre-Intervention Multilevel Analysis.

Despite the substantial efforts at ensuring universal access to routine immunisation services among children in South Africa, major gaps in immunisation coverage remain. This study assessed the magnitude of missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) and associated factors among children aged 0–23 months attending primary health care (PHC) facilities in Cape Town. We used multilevel binomial logistic regression models to explore individual and contextual factors associated with MOV, with children aged 0–23 months at Level 1, nested within PHC facilities (Level 2). A total of 674 children and their caregivers were enrolled. MOV prevalence was 14.1%, ranging from 9.1% to 18.9% across sub-districts. Dose-specific MOV prevalence was highest for the second dose of measles vaccine (9.5%) and lowest for the first dose of rotavirus vaccine (0.6%). The likelihood of a child experiencing MOV was significantly associated with caregivers’ low level of education (Odds ratio (OR) = 3.53, 95% credible interval (CrI): 1.13–11.03), recent receipt of immunisation messages (OR = 0.46, 95%CrI: 0.25–0.87), shared immunisation decision making by both parents (OR = 0.21, 95%CrI: 0.07–0.62) and health facility staff number (OR = 0.18, 95%CrI: 0.06–0.61). The burden of MOV among children in Cape Town is influenced by individual and contextual factors, which provide important opportunities for quality improvement and broader strategies to improve routine immunisation service delivery.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine &amp; Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Women Attending Primary Health Care

Background: Cervical cancer is projected to affect 528,000 people worldwide each year. It is the third leading cause of mortality from cancer in developing nations. HPV vaccination was first introduced in 2006, targeting females between the ages of 9-14 years with the aim of preventing HPV that cause cervical precancerous lesions and cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study Among Females Attending Primary Health care in AL-Madina AL-Munawarah. All females attending primary health care centers aged 21-65 years or Al-Madina Al-Munawarah. Sample size was 375. The sample size calculated By using Epi-Info version 3.5.1. The study was started after the approval comes from the research committee at Al-Madina region. The researcher took a consent form from the program director of joint program of family medicine and taken it to MOH in Al-Madina City. One primary healthcare center was chosen from each sector. Results: In this study 400 questionnaires were distributed in which 345 participants and response rate was 86.25%, all of them were female and ranged in age from 14 to 65 years. The majority of participants, 112 (32.5%), were between the ages of 26 and 35 years. The majority of participants 222 (64%) were married, Inquiring as to whether you've heard that HPV can cause cervical cancer. 253 respondents said that they had not heard of it. 17% were unaware that HPV is a virus that is transmitted by sexual contact. 7.8% feel it is widespread in Saudi Arabia. 11.9% believe that both men and women are susceptible to infection. 22% that risky sex can raise one's risk of contracting HPV. The majority of individuals expressed concern about the vaccination's negative effects. 250 out of 388 respondents expressed concern about the immunizations' negative effects. Concerning vaccination decisions, 196 believe they should be decided by the individual concerned, while 92 believe they should be made jointly by parents and the individual. Conclusion: Funding for volunteer groups/non-governmental organizations working in the health sector to raise awareness about cervical cancer among healthcare practitioners and the general public might contribute to further reduce the disease's incidence. Public health education is urgently required on the safety and effectiveness of HPV vaccination.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes among Pregnant Women's Towards Folic Acid Intake During Pregnancy in a Sample of Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Babylon Province

Background: Folic acid (vitamin B9) is one of the important vitamins required for embryonic growth and development, as well as preventing the occurrence of congenital malformations, which are a major health concern in developing countries and around the world because they have a direct impact on the affected babies, their families, and the community. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women toward folic acid intake throughout pregnancy in a sample of women in Babylon Governorate and to assess the association of knowledge, attitude of folic acid with certain sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional interview-based study targeting a convenient sample of 265 pregnant women who attended antenatal care unit of five PHCCs in Babylon Governorate/Iraq during a period of three months (from April 1 to July 1, 2021). The respondents were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire, that includes data related to sociodemographic and obstetric history, seven questions related to pregnants’ knowledge, and five questions related to pregnant attitudes toward the importance of folic acid intake during pregnancy. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 26. Results: 265 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The result found that the mean (±standard deviation) age was 26.5 (±5.7) years where 58.1% (154) of women were in the age group of 20–29 years and two-third of participants were a resident in urban areas. In addition, 54.5% (144) of women had college and postgraduate education, housewives consisted 51% (134) of the sample, and 45 were employed; only 26 (9.8%) pregnant women were not hearing about folic acid intake during pregnancy. The major source of hearing was doctors. 44.8% (107) of participants had fair level of knowledge; knowledge score was significantly associated with age, residency, and occupation of pregnant women (P ≤ 0.05); knowledge score had no significant association with educational level, parity, history of abortion and stillbirth, or having children with congenital anomalies. 75 (31.4%) mothers had negative attitude toward using folic acid during pregnancy. Pregnant attitude toward folic acid supplements had no association with sociodemographic and obstetrical history. There was a positive moderate linear correlation between the mother's knowledge and attitude (r = 0.36, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The study found that pregnant women had a fair and good knowledge about using folic acid during pregnancy. In addition, most pregnant women have a positive attitude.

Association of cognitive function of non-demented elderly primary care attendees with physical, mental, and sociodemographic factors.

Preservation of a population's cognitive functions is a matter of increased concern for all healthcare systems. The detection of factors that are associated with cognitive functions is a matter of increased interest to both the treatment of vulnerable individuals and the implementation of strategies to delay age-related cognitive decline. This study aimed to highlight sociodemographic, physical, and mental health factors associated with the cognitive function in non-demented elderly primary health care attendees. The sample consisted of 362 primary health care attendees aged 60 years or above. A questionnaire regarding sociodemographic and physical health history, along with a battery of psychometric instruments consisting of the Test Your Memory (TYM) test, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-15), Short Anxiety Screening Test (SAST), and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), were given to all participants.Participants who scored below 39/40 in the TYM, which is the cut-off point for dementia screening in the version of the test we used, were excluded from further assessment. For the rest of the participants, 267 in total, their TYM scores were significantly and negatively correlated with age and SAST scores. Participants with lung and vascular health history problems scored lower in the TYM, as did those with poor education, who lived alone, and who lived in Alexandroupolis. Finally, healthy participants scored higher than individuals with at least one medical condition. Linear multiple regression analysis revealed a model (adjusted R2 = 25.80, F = 10.11, p < 0.001) with three factors (age (beta = -0.32), lung problems (beta = -0.23), and vascular factors (beta = -0.20) that could significantly predict 25.80% of the variance in TYM scores. Preservation of physical health, especially lung and vascular health, along with anxiety alleviation help to counterbalance the negative effect of aging on cognitive function in non-demented elderly primary care attendees.

Relationship of Maternal Sociodemographic characteristics With Neonate’s Weight among Primigravida Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Sulaimani City/Iraq

Background: Birth weight plays an important role in infant survival, child development, and adult metabolic&#x0D; diseases also, maternal characteristics have been variously shown to impact on the progress and outcome of&#x0D; pregnancy, especially those related to birth weight and perinatal mortality.&#x0D; Aim of the study: The study aimed to identify the association between sociodemographic characteristics of the mother and birth weight. &#x0D; Methodology: A Prospective analytic study of 147 prime pregnant women who visited primary health centers&#x0D; for antenatal care in Sulaimani City were eligible to participate in this study prospectively followed up until the postpartum. This study collected of the data in a period starting from 30 \ December \ 2018 to 30 \ June \ 2019. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to retrieve information on sociodemographic characteristics from the participants. Descriptive &amp; inferential statistical used for analysis data; it was done with the SPSS version 22.0 software.&#x0D; Results: The result of study revealed that the men of the age of women were 24.4 and SD=5.04, 75.5% were housewives, (46.9%) were sufficient to some extent financially, (98.6%) were nonsmokers and (98.6%) wasn’t drinking alcohol. The majority of the cases (72.1%) were from urban areas and all of them delivered their babies at term. About 91.2% of the babies had normal birth weight, and the 1 st minute Apgar score of newborns for 94.9% of them were in the excellent condition and less than one quarter (21.1%) of them were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.&#x0D; Conclusion: There was no statistical significant relationship between neonate′s birth weights with mother′s&#x0D; sociodemographic characteristics, but there was a statistical significant association between birth weights of the study sample with their residency. &#x0D; Recommendation: according to these finding the researcher emphasize on prenatal care as early as possible that the nurse must take the role in reducing the incidence of LBW. &#x0D;

Clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy attending primary health care.

This study aimed to fill the current knowledge gap in the literature by identifying the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy attending primary health care (PHC). This was a cross-sectional study involving adults (= 18 years of age) with epilepsy attending PHC from a developing country between 2015 and 2019. Demographic information and epilepsy-related data were collected. A total of 140 patients (51.4% male; mean [± SD] age 44.9 ± 17.8 years) were evaluated. The mean age at onset of seizures was 29.9 ± 22.9 years, with a mean evolution of 14.3±15.4 years. Focal seizures accounted for 88.57% of cases and evolved into bilateral tonic-clonic attack (45.16%). Of those that were generalized, motor seizures accounted for 81.82%, absence 9.09%, and motor + absence 9.09%. Among generalized onset motor seizures, tonic-clonic was predominant, accounting for 55.56%. Among types, focal epilepsy predominated (88.57%). The primary etiologies were unknown (62.14%), structural causes (27.85%) and infectious (9.28%). Patients undergoing monotherapy accounted for 66.1%, with epilepsy control in 92.4%. The most commonly used antiepileptic drugs were carbamazepine (33.1%), valproic acid (28.2%), and phenobarbital (10.4%). Male sex, seizures, and focal epilepsy were prevalent. Magnetic resonance imaging was more useful than computed tomography. Most etiologies were unknown; however, mesial temporal sclerosis and neurocysticercosis were the most prevalent known causes. Most patients were controlled using a monotherapy regimen. The implementation of International League Against Epilepsy classifications and definitions was feasible and useful.

Domestic Violence and its Impact upon Reproductive Health during Corona Virus Pandemic among Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad City - Iraq

Violence is widespread, affects women of all cultures globally, breeds in silence, it is an important cause of physical, psychological reproductive health problems.Method:A cross sectional design was utilized to assess the types domestic violence and it's impacts of upon reproductive health during corona virus pandemic among women attending primary health care centers in Baghdad City - IraqA non-probability sample of (150) women who expose to violence was selected during the period from 26th Jun to 18th Mar. 2021. Data was collected by filling out the questionnaire, and the validity and reliability were determined through the pilot study, and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in analyzing the data.Results:The results of the study revealed that most of the study sample were subjected to hitting (86%) and slapping (83%) during their daily lives, controlling their behavior (90%) and abuse or the use of force during sexual relations (75%), while preventing them from using some social networking sites(84%). According to the R/S, the result was psychosocial violence was high level, and physical and electronic violence was medium level, while sexual violence was low level, The study finding indicated that all study samples suffer from at least one impact of domestic violence on them during childbearing age, but most of the study sample considered psychosocial violence to be the most influential on their lives than others. The study recommends that women will be screened for any type of domestic violence during childbearing age. Incorporating domestic violence topics into education curricula, using social media, the availability of health services, and supporting the strengthening of cooperation between social agencies, justice and the police through law enforcement and research to promote and protect women's rights.

Understandings of depression among community members and primary healthcare attendees in rural Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Available evidence in Africa suggests that the prevalence of depression in primary care settings is high but it often goes unrecognized. In this study, we explored how depression is conceptualized and communicated among community members and primary care attendees diagnosed with depression in rural Ethiopia with the view to informing the development of interventions to improve detection. We conducted individual interviews with purposively selected primary care attendees with depression (n = 28; 16 females and 12 males) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with males, females, and priests (n = 21) selected based on their knowledge of their community. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. None of the community members identified depression as a mental illness. They considered depressive symptoms presented in a vignette as part of a normal reaction to the stresses of life. They considered medical intervention only when the woman's condition in the vignette deteriorated and "affected her mind." In contrast, participants with depression talked about their condition as illness. Symptoms spontaneously reported by these participants only partially matched symptoms listed in the current diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders. In all participants' accounts, spiritual explanations and traditional healing were prominent. The severity of symptoms mediates the decision to seek medical help. Improved detection may require an understanding of local conceptualizations in order to negotiate an intervention that is acceptable to affected people.

Pregnancy-Related Anxiety and Impact of Social Media Among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care.

BackgroundPregnant women go through physiological as well as psychological changes during pregnancy. Antenatal anxiety disorders are common, with proven adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Anxiety increases the risks for prematurity and neurodevelopmental disorders. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of pregnancy-related anxiety and the impact of social media among pregnant women in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.Materials and methodsThis observational cross-sectional study included pregnant women who were attending antenatal care (ANC) in primary healthcare centers between May and October of 2021 in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. For data collection, a structured self-administered questionnaire was distributed randomly to eligible pregnant women. The presence of pregnancy-related anxiety was assessed by using the 10-item Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R), Arabic version. The impact of social media was measured through Social Media Engagement Questionnaire (SMEQ).ResultsOut of 823 pregnant women, 382 were eligible. Their mean age was 26.1 ± 10.9 years. Most of them (70.4%) had adhered to ANC. However, 32.1% had a history of miscarriage, and 6.7% had previous birth with congenital anomalies. The mean scores of pregnancy-related anxiety domains were 10.6 out of 15 for fear of giving birth, 8.7 for concern of own appearance, and 6.4 out of 12 for worries about bearing a handicapped child. More than half of the participants scored 28 out of 50 for pregnancy-related anxiety. The factors that were significantly associated with pregnancy-related anxiety were healthcare workers, first trimester, and unplanned pregnancy (P < 0.05). Social media engagement showed no correlation with anxiety.ConclusionsThe pregnancy-related anxiety level was average among pregnant women in Al-Ahsa, and fear of giving birth was the most common reason. Its predictors included early pregnancy, being a healthcare provider, and unplanned pregnancy. Pregnancy-related anxiety should be diagnosed early during routine ANC for better maternal and fetal outcomes.

Impact of Psychosocial Domestic Violence upon Reproductive Health during Corona Virus Pandemic among Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad City

Objectives: To assess Psychosocial domestic violence among women and assess the impact ofPsychosocial domestic violence on women’s reproductive health during the COVID-19 pandemicMethodology: A descriptive analytical study was conducted on women subjected to psychosocialdomestic violence and impacts of psychosocial domestic violence on women during the Coronapandemic period. A deliberate sample of (150) women exposed to violence was selected by a memberof her family.Results: The result of the study showed that the highest percentage (79.4%) of the study samplemembers ranged in age from (20 to 34) years, most of whom were housewives, three quarters of thestudy sample had a low educational level. Psychosocial domestic violence was at a higher level ofrelative sufficiency.Conclusions: The results indicated that all study sample suffer psychosocial domestic violence duringchildbearing age, but most of the study sample considered psychosocial violence to be the mostinfluential on their lives than other effects.Recommendations: The study recommends that women be screened for psychosocial domesticviolence during childbearing age. psychosocial domestic violence topics into education curricula,using social media, the availability of health services, and supporting the strengthening of cooperationbetween social agencies, justice and the police through law enforcement and research to promote andprotect women’s rights.

Intimate Partner Violence among Sample of Married Women Attending Primary Health Care Center in Al-Russafa Sector, 2018

Background: Violence against women is a universal phenomenon that persists in all countries of the world. It’s not limited to cultural, geographic, religious, social, economic or national boundaries. therfore aimed of study was Explore the prevalence of IPV against married women attending the primary health care centers (PHCs) of Al Ressafa Sector. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytic component was carried out on total of 200 women attending in the PHCCs in Al Ressafa Sector during period March- June 2018. A modified version of WHO domestic violence questionnaire was used for the direct interview in this study. All married women attended the PHCCs and meeting the eligibility criteria were informed about the purpose of the study. Results: Out of the total sample (200) the results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of violence was (80%); the emotional violence is the most frequent type of domestic violence followed by controlling behavior type (43.5%), physical violence (36.5%), economic violence (30%), and sexual violence (18%). Conclusions: The majority of women were victims of IPV, and most common type was the emotional violence, followed by controlling behavior. The high rate of IPV need for enacting &amp; enforcing a national law to combat domestic violence &amp; screening primary health setting to identify victims of IPV in order to prevent these abuses &amp; associated unnecessary physical &amp; mental disability.

Factors affecting glycemic control among Egyptian people with diabetes attending primary health care facilities in Mansoura District

BackgroundDiabetes is a rapidly growing health problem worldwide. In 2019, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that Egypt is the 9th country worldwide with about 8,850,400 cases and a prevalence of 15.2% in adults. By 2045, Egypt is expected to be the 7th country worldwide. Several factors affecting glycemic control are related to patients, physicians, and the infrastructure of primary health care facilities (PHCFs). The effect of health care infrastructure and resources is not well studied. This cross-sectional study aims to explore factors affecting glycemic control among subjects with diabetes visiting PHCFs in the Mansoura District. A questionnaire was done to assess these factors among subjects with diabetes, primary care physicians (PCPs), and PHCFs infrastructure and resources. Three hundred and two subjects with diabetes attending PHCFs in the Mansoura District underwent a detailed clinical history. Also, HbA1c was obtained.ResultsFactors in patients that affect diabetic control include patient’s education and occupation and their smoking status. Practicing physical exercise is important for diabetes control. Physicians can affect diabetes control by their rural residence, older age, participation in diabetes training, early graduation year, longer durations since started dealing with subjects with diabetes, and following guidelines. Resources of infrastructure have a role in diabetes control. Metformin and investigation availability has a positive association with diabetes control.ConclusionPatients, physicians, and resources of infrastructure have a role in diabetes control.

The Prevalence of Functional Disability and Associated Factors among Older People Attending Primary Health-care Centers in Riyadh City

BACKGROUND: The burden of disability among the older population is increasing as older people grow with significant social and economic negative impacts. AIM: This study examines functional disability and its associated risk factors among older Saudi citizens attending primary health-care centers (PHCCs) in Riyadh city. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 504 older Saudi citizens aged ≥60 years who attended a PHCC in Riyadh city between December 2019 and May 2020. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assessing the disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) using the Katz Index and Lawton scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADL and IADL disability among participants was 24.6% and 58.5%, respectively. Smoking (p = 0.019), dyslipidemia (p = 0.018), rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.028), history of falls (p = 0.014), and an emergency visit (p = 0.049) were risk factors associated with ADL disability. Predictors of IADL disability were advanced age (p = 0.004), being female (p = 0.029), and the need for a caregiver (p = 0.000). The need for homecare was positively associated with ADL dependency (p = 0.008) and IADL dependency (p = 0.003). Furthermore, regular physical activity was a protective factor against ADL functional disabilities (p = 0.002) and IADL functional disabilities (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: This study found a high prevalence of ADL and IADL disability among elderly Saudis. Disability was associated with several sociodemographic and health status factors. The findings of this study highlight the priority of effective and targeted preventive interventions for disability.

Psychological morbidity among primary health care attendees in Palestine: A study in a stressful environment

Psychological morbidity among primary health care attendees in Palestine: A study in a stressful environment

Depressive symptoms in primary health care attendees in Sebeta Town, Ethiopia: Prevalence, associated factors, and detection by health workers.

Depression often goes unrecognized in the primary health care setting. When depression occurs in clinical settings, it increases the risk of mortality from co-morbid medical conditions. Besides, 70% of patients with depression have somatic complaints, resulting in unnecessary investigations and mismanagement. This study was intended to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in primary health care centers and the detection rate in Sebeta Town, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 visitors of adult outpatient department of four primary health centers in Sebeta Town, Ethiopia from October 1 to November 3, 2020. Depressive symptoms were assessed using PHQ-9 at cut-off score of 5. Data were entered using EPI data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27.9% (95% CI: 23.4-32.6). Detection rate of depressive symptoms by PHC providers was 0.93% (95% CI: 0.0-5.1). The factors positively associated with depressive symptoms were being unmarried (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.40, 95% CI: 1.56-7.40, p < 0.01), perceived worsening of illness (AOR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.73-7.77, p < 0.01), having family history of depression (AOR: 3.78, 95% CI: 1.40-10.23, p < 0.01), current alcohol consumption (AOR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.22-6.10, p < 0.05), and current khat consumption (AOR: 5.43, 95% CI: 2.55-11.56, p < 0.01). Moderate social support (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.41, p < 0.01) and strong social support (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09-0.63, p < 0.01) compared to poor social support, and the age group 25-31 (AOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.92, p < 0.05), compared to the age group 18-24, were negatively associated. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be high, while the detection rate was very low. Provision of depression care services integrated into routine health care at PHC level was recommended.