Primary Fin Research Articles

Profiling the Physiological Roles in Fish Primary Cell Culture.

Fish primary cell culture has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating the physiological roles and responses of various cell types found in fish species. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements and applications of fish primary cell culture techniques, focusing on the profiling of physiological roles exhibited by fish cells in vitro. Fish primary cell culture involves the isolation and cultivation of cells directly derived from fish tissues, maintaining their functional characteristics and enabling researchers to study their behavior and responses under controlled conditions. Over the years, significant progress has been made in optimizing the culture conditions, establishing standardized protocols, and improving the characterization techniques for fish primary cell cultures. The review highlights the diverse cell types that have been successfully cultured from different fish species, including gonad cells, pituitary cells, muscle cells, hepatocytes, kidney and immune cells, adipocyte cells and myeloid cells, brain cells, primary fin cells, gill cells, and other cells. Each cell type exhibits distinct physiological functions, contributing to vital processes such as metabolism, tissue regeneration, immune response, and toxin metabolism. Furthermore, this paper explores the pivotal role of fish primary cell culture in elucidating the mechanisms underlying various physiological processes. Researchers have utilized fish primary cell cultures to study the effects of environmental factors, toxins, pathogens, and pharmaceutical compounds on cellular functions, providing valuable insights into fish health, disease pathogenesis, and drug development. The paper also discusses the application of fish primary cell cultures in aquaculture research, particularly in investigating fish growth, nutrition, reproduction, and stress responses. By mimicking the in vivo conditions in vitro, primary cell culture has proven instrumental in identifying key factors influencing fish health and performance, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable aquaculture practices.

Parametric investigation of internal Y-shaped fin configurations under natural convection in a concentric annulus

Natural convection heat transfer inside concentric annular enclosures has been well researched for decades. Such enclosures have been employed as intermediate layers between fluid streams in heat exchangers, particularly in latent heat thermal energy storage applications. Convection heat transfer coefficients originating from natural convection are relatively low, which drives the need for heat transfer enhancements by using extended surfaces (e.g., fins, heat sinks). In this study, numerical simulations are performed to investigate the natural convection heat transfer inside a concentric annulus in the presence of Y-shaped fins. Each Y-shaped fin has four important geometric parameters: (i) length of the fin base a, (ii) length of the fin branches b (i.e., the V-section), (iii) primary fin spacing angle θ, and (iv) secondary fin angle or branch angle α. Steady-state simulations are conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics® with constant temperature boundary conditions to generate the laminar natural convection profiles in the enclosure filled with air. The average Nusselt numbers, calculated at both the inner and outer walls of the enclosure, are used to gauge the heat transfer. The model is built with thin layer approximated fins first and subsequently compared to a modified model with fins with finite thickness. The optimized case using the thick fin model is found to yield a percent increase in Nu of 358.8% compared to the case with no fins. Lastly, the entropy generation is considered to determine the second law efficiency of the system, which is approximately 91%.

Study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of phase change synergistic combination finned liquid cooling plate

In order to enhance the heat transfer performance of the battery thermal management system, to obtain a more uniform temperature distribution and to achieve the lightweight design requirements, a new liquid cooling plate design approach with primary and secondary combined fins synergistic phase change materials and nanofluid is proposed in this paper. Based on the traditional square fins, 10 new improved fin design options are proposed in this paper. Firstly, the thermal and flow characteristics of the 10 new improved fins are compared and analyzed, and the optimization is carried out. Next, the optimal model is obtained by considering the primary fin size and introducing the secondary fins of the partitioned combination for optimization. Compared to the traditional square fins, the average temperature is reduced by 0.288 °C and the pressure drop is reduced by 1.287 Pa (17.42%). Then, based on the optimal model, the thermal performance of the combined filling method and thickness of PCM is discussed and analyzed for different Reynolds number conditions. The results indicated that the smaller the Reynolds number, the more significant the heat dissipation effect of the filled PCM. The optimal model with PCM filling reduces the mass by 41.4 g (68.86%) compared to the model without PCM, with significant lightweighting effect. Finally, to further improve the thermal performance of the system, different types of nanoparticles with different volume fractions are introduced into the system. Compared to pure water liquid cooling, the Nusselt number can be increased by 9% to 78%, and the heat dissipation effect is significantly improved.

Performance enhancement of heat sink with branched and interrupted fins

Efficient cooling of the electronic device is of paramount importance for its safe and reliable operation. Therefore, the present study makes a performance analysis of branched and interrupted fins to explore the possibility of heat transfer enhancement, while keeping the overall heat sink volume fixed, using numerical simulations. Six different heat sink configurations have been considered, i.e., continuous fin, interrupted fins, fins with one side branch, branched fin symmetrically placed at the tip of primary fin, fins with tertiary branch, interrupted and branched fin symmetrically placed at the tip of primary fin. The temperature difference between the fin base and the ambient (ΔT) has been varied in the range of 10 °C to 60 °C (1.1 × 105 ≤ Ra ≤ 6.1 × 105). The results have been analyzed in terms of heat transfer rate (Q), specific heat transfer rate (Q/m), effectiveness, and Nusselt number (Nu). With the branching of fins, not all designs of heat sinks yield better performance. The design in which the secondary fins are placed symmetrically and at the farthest position from the base plate, dissipates maximum heat with a weight reduction of 12.26% compared to the continuous fin.

Fin whales of the Great Bear Rainforest: Balaenoptera physalus velifera in a Canadian Pacific fjord system.

Fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) are widely considered an offshore and oceanic species, but certain populations also use coastal areas and semi-enclosed seas. Based upon fifteen years of study, we report that Canadian Pacific fin whales (B. p. velifera) have returned to the Kitimat Fjord System (KFS) in the Great Bear Rainforest, and have established a seasonally resident population in its intracoastal waters. This is the only fjord system along this coast or elsewhere in which fin whales are known to occur regularly with strong site fidelity. The KFS was also the only Canadian Pacific fjord system in which fin whales were commonly found and killed during commercial whaling, pointing to its long-term importance. Traditional knowledge, whaling records, and citizen science databases suggest that fin whales were extirpated from this area prior to their return in 2005–2006. Visual surveys and mark-recapture analysis documented their repopulation of the area, with 100–120 whales using the fjord system in recent years, as well as the establishment of a seasonally resident population with annual return rates higher than 70%. Line transect surveys identified the central and outer channels of the KFS as the primary fin whale habitat, with the greatest densities occurring in Squally Channel and Caamaño Sound. Fin whales were observed in the KFS in most months of the year. Vessel- and shore-based surveys (27,311 km and 6,572 hours of effort, respectively) indicated regular fin whale presence (2,542 detections), including mother-calf pairs, from June to October and peak abundance in late August–early September. Seasonal patterns were variable year-to-year, and several lines of evidence indicated that fin whales arrived and departed from the KFS repeatedly throughout the summer and fall. Additionally, we report on the population’s social network and morphometrics. These findings offer insights into the dynamics of population recovery in an area where several marine shipping projects are proposed. The fin whales of the Great Bear Rainforest represent a rare exception to general patterns in this species’ natural history, and we highlight the importance of their conservation.

Development and characterization of megalocytivirus persistently-infected cell cultures for high yield of virus

Megalocytivirus infection is a major threat in rock bream aquaculture in Korea. To produce a highly concentrated megalocytivirus, primary cells, established cell line and persistently infected cell line were used in this study. Megalocytivirus was inoculated in primary fin cell cultures of red sea bream (Pagrus major), rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) and produced at similar concentrations of 108.99 − 9.88 viral particles/mL in all cultures while produced 107.31 viral particles/mL in grunt fin (GF) cell line. Since only red sea bream fin culture was amenable to subculturing for more than 100 times, it was established into Pagrus major fin (PMF) cell line. A persistently infected PMF cell line (PI-PMF) was obtained by continuous subculturing every 7 days as a batch culture system (PI-PMF-B) after infecting with megalocytivirus. Virus in supernatant of PI-PMF-B was maintained at high concentrations throughout over 50 consecutive subcultures in a relatively narrow range from 108.33 to 108.94 viral particles/mL with high level of CPE. For a more efficient and convenient production, a semi-batch culture system (PI-PMF-S) was developed in which culture media were exchanged at intervals of 3 days without subculturing for more than 50 media exchanges. Despite low virus productivity in a single cell (specific virus productivity, SVP), total cell number was increased in PI-PMF-S, allowing us to efficiently obtain a much higher concentration of virus (108.56 to 109.75 viral particles/mL) than in PMF-B. This is the first study to report detailed new methods for continuous and efficient production of high concentrations of megalocytivivrus with characterization of viral propagation in persistently infected cells.

Heating performance enhancement for a road unit by using sectorial-finned pipe

This study proposes a sectorial-finned pipe in the hydronic road heating system with a three-dimensional road model to enhance the road heating performance. Three primary fin parameters, including sectorial fin angle, height, and spacing, were analyzed. The range analysis and ANOVA (analysis of variance) of the final average road surface temperature (Tasf), the maximum temperature difference of road surface (Tds), and the overall utility (Ut) were conducted through the orthogonal test method. The results showed that compared with the bare pipe, Tasf and Tds of the finned pipe increased by 0.63–1.37 K and 0.27–0.66 K, respectively, and ts0 of the finned pipe decreased by 0.22–0.44 h when the fin parameters were changed in specific ranges at the average air temperature of 258.15 K. The fin angle of 210° had the most suitable performances for road heating in terms of the thermal and economic targets. The range analysis revealed that the ranks of influence degree for Tasf, Tds, and Ut were height > spacing > angle, height > spacing > angle, and angle > spacing > height, respectively. ANOVA indicated that the parameters of height, spacing, and angle contributed Tasf in proportions of 80.56%, 10.25%, and 9.19%, those contributed Tds in proportions of 98.58%, 1.29%, and 0.13%, and those contributed Ut in proportions of 60.06%, 36.20%, and 3.74%, respectively. The optimum parameter combination for Ut was 210°, 20 mm, and 45 mm for the fin angle, height, and spacing, respectively. The results can provide a good guide for the design of sectorial-finned pipes in the hydronic road heating system.

Heat transfer improvement of a wet fin under transient response with a unique design arrangement aspect

A unique design arrangement for longitudinal and pin fins involving surface dehumidification is proposed for improving the fin’s heat transfer enhancement under transient operating condition. The new design arrangement involves dual primary fin surfaces. For the present analysis, the assessment of Fourier and non-Fourier effects is made, and a closed form solution methodology involving separation of variables is adopted to evaluate the fin performance. The proposed closed form methodology for the non-Fourier heat transfer effect in the wet fin is well-validated with the corresponding numerical solution obtained under finite differencing framework. Furthermore, for a dry surface condition, the validation of the present non-Fourier model is done with the pertinent results available in the literature. The Fourier and the non-Fourier heat transfer effects are investigated with various design variables of the wet fin and surface conditions. It is highlighted that the effect of air dehumidification in fins promotes waviness in the temperature distribution. The efficiency is determined to be higher in the case of the longitudinal fin than that of the pin fin, whereas, an opposite behavior is revealed in terms of the fin effectiveness. Higher fin efficiency is observed at lower values of the Fourier number and higher values of the Vernote number. It is apparent from the present study that the proposed new fin design considerably enhances the rate of heat transfer as compared to the conventionally used design. Additionally, the proposed design results in a compact geometry that in turn provides additional mechanical strength resulting in the savings of space utilization and costs related to fin manufacturing.

Thermal performance of plate fin heat sinks with dual-height fins subject to natural convection

In this study, the thermal performance of plate fin heat sinks with dual-height fin profile subject to natural convection is considered. The effect of dual-height configuration, fin spacing and channel length on the thermal performance of the heat sink is investigated numerically. The results show that the thermal performance of the dual-height heat sink monotonically decreases as the secondary fin height decreases for a fixed value of the primary fin height. However, the thermal performance per unit mass can be enhanced by decreasing the secondary fin height, suggesting that the dual height heat sink can be considered for various practical applications where the mass of heat sink determines the value of products. It is also shown that there is a threshold value of primary fin height below which the thermal performance of dual height heat sink decreases as the secondary fin height decreases. This threshold value is shown to linearly decrease as the channel length increases.

Body extract of tail amputated zebrafish promotes culturing of primary fin cells from glass catfish

The most spectacular regenerative events in vertebrates are epimorphic regeneration. In this study, interestingly, a whole-body extract 24 h after tail amputation enhanced primary cell growth and viability compared to that of a non-tail amputated body. Additionally, these effects of extract treatment in vitro were dose-dependent occurring at concentrations of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml. This is the first in vitro study on the interaction between primary fin cells from glass catfish and tail amputated body extracts of zebrafish. These results provide an essential knowledge base for rational approaches to tissue and organ regeneration. Keywords : Cell growth, cell viability, extract, glass catfish, regeneration, zebrafish African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(12), pp. 1449-1451

On the first occurrence of the rockling Gaidropsarus pakhorukovi Shcherbachev (Gairdropsarini, Lotidae, Gadidae) and on species diagnostics of G. pakhorukovi and G. parini Svetovidov

Descriptions of rare species of rocklings of the southern hemisphere Gaidropsarus pakhorukovi (the Atlantic Ocean, Rio Grande Plateau) and G. parini (the Pacific Ocean, Nazca Ridge) are verified. A rockling caught for the first time on Rio Grande Plateau in 1974, whose classification previously was doubtful, is attributed to G. pakhorukovi. New diagnostic characters of closely related G. pakhorukovi and G. parini are found. In contrast to the existing opinion on the complete loss by bony fish of the primary fin skeleton of the caudal fin, a possibility of its phylogenetic reversion in gadiforms and dalliids, is suggested.

A novel finned micro-groove array structure and forming process

The multidimensional finned surface can greatly improve the capability of separation, extraction, absorption and heat transfer, so it is wildly applied to modern environmental protection, petrochemical industry, medical industry, and micro-electronics cooling, etc. By ploughing-extrusion process, this paper obtained a novel micro-groove array structure composed of micro-grooves, primary fins and compound fins, which have macro-structure, meta-structure, and micro-structure. The depth of micro groove is about 200 μm, and the height of the primary fin is about 80 μm. The height of the compound fins is larger than 100 μm, and the space of two compound fins is about 400 μm. In this process, the metal undergoes plastic deformation and turns into primary fins. Owing to the friction stress between the extrusion surfaces and the metal surpass the break limit of the metal, some regions of the primary fin undergo ductile fracture and turn into denticular compound fins. The whole process can be divided into four steps, i.e. splitting, extruding, frictional tearing and fin forming. The four stages are continuous and happen at the same time. The novel finned micro-groove array structure can be manufactured in a single procedure.

Multislice helical CT in the diagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

目的 探讨肝门区胆管细胞癌直接征象的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现.方法应用MSCT对19例无痛性黄疸患者行上腹部常规平扫及静脉注射对比剂后25和60 s双期增强扫描,15例应用增强扫描数据行三维图像重组,以3级评分法,判断MSCT对肝门区胆管细胞癌直接征象的显示能力.分析病变胆管的形态学特征、胆管受累范围.19例均经手术病理(15例)或内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP,4例)证实为胆管细胞癌.结果 15例行三维图像重组者有14例显示肿瘤直接征象和肿瘤累及范围,19例行25和60 s双期增强扫描者分别有8例和7例显示肿瘤直接征象和肿瘤累及范围,三者间差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).注药25 s时肿瘤强化最明显,表现为肝总管管壁环行增强、增厚、管腔局部狭窄或完全闭塞,三维图像呈模拟染色体样表现,并可观察到病变远、近端胆管内播散结节.结论 MSCT在注射对比剂后25 s扫描,病变增强最明显;三维重组图像可观察胆管的直接征象和受累范围.

You Throw Like a Girl: Sport and Misogyny on the Silver Screen

Introduction Sport has traditionally been accepted as a male domain. Incorrect beliefs in and about the histories of games and sport, and their inherent invisibility of girls and women as participants, have built a foundation of myths upon which the contemporary culture of sport and the construction of masculinity have been built. ' As is true in many versions of history, women are absent from inclusion unless an individual woman or group of women was recognized as being exceptionally outstanding. The same is true for the history of sport. The invisibility of girls and women's games and events, not to mention many events held for women and men together in certain periods of history for certain classes of people, leads one to believe that only the Amazons, Annie Oakley, Mildred Babe Dirdrickson Zaharias, or the Edmonton Grads had any skills in physical activity or sporting prowess.2 This is as untrue as any history that relegates women and their involvement in various societies and cultures to footnotes or invisibility. Most contemporary North American references to girls and women in sport began in the late 1800's. Common sense understanding and acceptance of the involvement of women in spoit since this time is based, to a great extent, on myth and misunderstanding.3 For the most part, 'facts' about women and sport are delimited to stories about and health cautions around physical activity for white, middle and/or upper class, heterosexual women. The sporting practices of poor and/or working class women, certain groups of immigrant, non-white, Aboriginal, and lesbian women are invisible in the mainstream historical records, newspapers, newsreels, and collective memories of most North Americans. The participation rates of girls and women in sports and other physical activities skyrocketed in the 20th century. Women surpassed record setting performances by men in only a few years. Women participate in activities such as rugby, boxing, mountain climbing, tae kwan do, and hockey as well as in traditional gender appropriate activities for females such as gymnastics, swimming, tennis, and figure skating. Although there is growing acceptance across North America for girls and women to engage in all of these activities, there is still an underlying tone that they really do not belong in the male realm of sport. The abilities of women athletes are constantly compared to those of men. The femininity and sexuality of women athletes are often called into question and the value of women athletes-both financial and personal-is based more on heterosexy femininity than on athletic excellence. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how language directed toward male athletes in sport genre films may have contributed to the traditional and collective beliefs about girls and women and their involvement in and relation to sport today. Has the practice of motivating men through language that demeans women in myriad, twentieth-century 'Hollywood' motion pictures about men and their sporting practices, perpetuated and reinforced the second class status of girls and women as athletes? Setting the Scene There are two primary fin de side factors that can be critically analyzed to construct the contemporary foundation upon which many beliefs and practices about girls and women's participation in sport and physical activity can be based: the social and economic conditions that led to the first wave of feminist activism in North America and the movement to rekindle the spirit of sport and manhood through the 'rebirth' of the Olympic Games. These factors likely contribute to the basis for the belief system about women and the role of women in the sport films used in this analysis. A third factor, relative to the purpose of this paper, the role of misogynistic language in feature films about men's sport, was the actual development of the first 'motion' pictures. This technology was also developed at the end of the nineteenth century and will be briefly discussed. …

Condensing Heat Transfer Enhancement on Vertical Spiral Double Fin Tubes With Drainage Gutters

Spiral double-fin tubes with drainage gutters are proposed for a vertical condenser to achieve high-condensing heat transfer performance for ocean thermal energy conversion application. There aluminum tubes have 5 or 10 spiral primary fins per pitch of spiral drainage fin. The condensation occurs mainly on the 0.8-mm-high primary fins; the 2-mm-high drainage fin collects the condensate from the primary fins, and a vertical drainage gutter removes the condensate from the drainage fin. Thus performance degradation due to accumulation of condensate in the vertical direction is avoided. Experiments were carried out using R-22 (chlorodifluromethane) as the working fluid in a shell using seven aluminum tubes (900 mm in effective length and 20 mm in nominal diameter). The drainage fin pitch, the primary fin pitch, shape of primary fin, and number of drainage gutters per tube were selected as parameters. One of the tubes had a 0.2-mm-thick titanium cladding on the inside (water side). The measured working-fluid-side condensing heat transfer coefficients for these tubes were four to six times those for a smooth tube based on the outer surface area.

Chromosomal alterations in marine fish cells in vitro.

The modal chromosome number of the GF cell line is 46, consisting of 44 telocentrics and two metacentrics. Primary grunt fin tissue exhibits 2n = 48; all are telocentric chromosomes. The modal cell of the GF cell line does not represent the in vivo genetic constitution conserved by Robertsonian translocation since the modal cells are variously haploid or nullo for the chromosome pair bearing secondary constrictions. Despite the fact that GF cells possess 44 telocentric chromosomes, only limited centric fusion appears to have occurred during 8 years of culture in vitro.