Primary Dentition Research Articles

Caries Risk Determination of 5-8 Year Old Children and Their Mothers in Muğla Province

It was aimed to evaluate dental data obtained after dental examinations of 204 children aged 5-8 years and their mothers who lived in Muğla and applied to Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Dentistry, taking into account their place of residence, mother's education level and working status. To determine caries profile of primary dentition, dmft was used, and for permanent dentition, DMFT was used. They were asked to answer prepared questions. Results, consisting of formed index after intraoral examination and answers to questions, were statistically evaluated using IBM SPSS v23.0 (IBM Corp. 2015, Armonk, NY, US). Normality of variables is examined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Due to variables do not follow a normal distribution, differences between index values per demographic variable were tested with Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test for independent groups. To make pairwise (multiple) comparison, we used Dunn’s test. Spearman correlation analysis was also applied. According to results obtained, it was observed that mother's education level had a significant effect on children's dmft and DMFT index values (p<0.05). As education level of mothers increased, caries profile of children decreased. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between mother's DMFT index value and child's dmft index value(p<0.05, r=0.017). Additionally, it was statistically determined that dmft index values of children with employed mothers significantly lower than those of children whose mothers unemployed(p<0.05). The study showed that mother's level of being affected by decay, education level, and employment status were effective on the level of children being affected by tooth decay.

Analysis of occlusion and its correlation with gender in primary and mixed dentition of pre-school and school children of Hazaribag city – A pilot study

The purpose of this pilot study was to analyse the prevalence of occlusion in primary and mixed dentition and correlate it with gender among pre-school and school children of Hazaribag city of Jharkhand. A total of 408 children participated in the study. Out of which, 202 children of 3-5 years age and 206 children of 7-11 years were selected from schools in Hazaribag city of Jharkhand., India, and their occlusion was recorded based on the terminal planes. Data were statistically analysed applying Chi-square test using SPSS software. The most prevalent occlusion seen in the present study for Primary Dentition was Mesial Step plane (69.3%) followed by Flush Terminal plane (28.7%) and Distal Step (2%) respectively and the results were statistically significant. A significant correlation was also noted with gender. Males showed more Mesial Step plane (72.6%) than females (65.6%) and order of occurrence of occlusion was same in both the sexes. The most prevalent occlusion seen in the present study for Mixed Dentition was Class I (94.7%) followed by Class II (4.4%) and Class III (0.9%) respectively and the results were statistically significant. A non-significant correlation was also noted with gender. Males showed slightly more Class I (94.8%) than females (94.5%) and order of occurrence of occlusion was same in both the sexes. The Mesial Step plane is significantly more prevalent in preschool children and Class I occlusion is significantly more prevalent in school children of Hazaribagh.

Tooth avulsion and its consequences: Case series

On an average about 30% of all school children suffer traumatic dental injury in primary dentition, whereas 22% suffer in permanent dentition. Avulsion is a serious injury which causes damage to dental and supportive tissues, ranging from 0.5-16 % among dental injuries and it mostly occurs in maxillary incisors. Tooth avulsion can be described as the complete displacement of the entire tooth out of its alveolar socket as a result of force generated due to external injury. The accepted management of choice is immediate replantation of the tooth into its socket provided dental facilities are nearby available and if it is delayed, placement of the tooth in an appropriate storage media until dental treatment can be initiated. Replantation of avulsed incisors in children has shown successful prognosis. The replanted teeth with time may lead to ankylosis followed by inflammatory or replacement resorption, as immediate replantation is practically rare. This case series showcases management of an avulsed maxillary left central incisor which was kept in patient oral cavity from the moment of trauma until its replantation in a eight year old boy. The avulsed tooth was replanted back into the alveolar socket after completion of endodontic treatment extra orally in same visit and splinted with composite resin. The other 2 case reports are 01 & 1.5 years follow up of replantated avulsed central incisors. During the follow up of these cases it was found that the teeth reported in these cases have remained in a stable, functional position but revealed external root resorption & replacement resorption even after completion of endodontic treatment. The amount of damage to tooth and supporting structures like bone, gingiva, emergency management and follow up period play a vital role in the prognosis of the avulsed tooth. It can be recommended to keep the avulsed tooth in saline solution as it is easily available when more appropriate storage media like HBSS are not available immediately.

Smiles reimagined: The transformative power of overlay complete dentures in prosthodontic rehabilitation of ectodermal dysplasia patient

Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) encompass a diverse set of conditions characterized by developmental abnormalities affecting ectodermal tissues. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a congenital syndrome marked by features such as sparse, delicate hair, skin and nail anomalies, reduced sweating capacity (attributed to a deficiency in sweat glands, resulting in sweat-related issues), and underdeveloped or missing teeth (partial or complete absence of primary and/or permanent dentition). In most instances, individuals with EDA can expect a typical lifespan and exhibit normal cognitive abilities. Nonetheless, the absence of sweat glands poses a risk of overheating, potentially leading to brain damage or even fatality in infancy if not promptly recognized. Therefore, early diagnosis holds significant importance. This case report presents a documented instance of ectodermal dysplasia, complemented by a comprehensive literature review.

Use of splinting in traumatized primary teeth: A systematic review of case reports

The aim of this study was to explore the use of splinting in the management of traumatized primary dentition in case reports published in the literature. Systematic searches were performed in the main health databases to identify case reports (a) with children presenting trauma in primary teeth, and (b) those that described any outcomes related to the use of splints in the management of traumatized primary teeth. The stages of study selection, data extraction and risk of bias analysis were performed. Descriptive data analysis was described. The reporting of information from this review was based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Of the total number of studies initially found (n=246), eight were case reports. Outcomes of splint immobilization in primary teeth with luxation (intrusion, extrusion, and lateral displacement), intra-alveolar root fracture and/or alveolar fracture were reported. All case reports described splinting as a viable technique for immobilizing traumatized primary teeth, regardless of the type of traumatic dental injury (TDIs) and splinting technique used. Only case report verified the effectiveness of the splinting in the management of dentoalveolar trauma and demonstrated the clinical effectiveness of the contentive approach. Based on low evidence studies with a moderate risk of bias, it was observed that the use of splints for the management of alveolar bone fractures and intrusive root fractures, and in specific cases of teeth with lateral luxation, can bring additional benefits to the dento-alveolar health of traumatized primary teeth.

Caries Experience in Relation to Weight Status among School Children Age 7-12 Year-old in Tikrit City

Caries is an infectious disease that is induced by the diet. Despite its decline in all age group on a worldwide basis, it is still a serious public health problem in children and its control should be a priority. It has demonstrated that dental caries can gradual reduce children's weight gain, which may be reversed after complete oral rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between age-specific body mass index (BMI-for-age) and dental caries among school children 7-12 years in Tikrit city.Material and method: A random sample of 390 school going healthy children aged 7-12 years were selected from different schools located in the Tikrit city. Height and weight for each child was recorded to obtain BMI-for- age. Dental caries was recorded (dmft, dmfs, DMFT and DMFS) according to WHO criteria. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis.The results showed that the underweight children were more likely to have caries experience than normal and overweight children for primary dentition (dmft 6.75 ± 0.56 and dmfs 17.21± 1.37) and for permanent dentition (DMFT 4.00 ± 0.58 and DMFS 6.48 ±1.23) with statistically no significant differences between the three groups.

Silver Diamine Fluoride for treatment of caries in the primary dentition

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an increasingly popular and highly effective technique for caries arrest in the primary dentition. Aside from being highly effective, SDF has a number of other advantages; it is quick and easy to apply with no caries removal required in advance, and as it required little cooperation it is ideally suited for younger children. This article describes an evidence based protocol for the safe and effective use of 38% SDF for caries management in the primary dentition.

Intervención interdisciplinaria para la prevención primaria de la caries en lactantes de 0 a 18 meses

Introduction: caries is the most common chronic disease in childhood. The presence of caries in the primary dentition is the main risk factor for developing caries in the permanent dentition. Most of the risk factors for caries are modifiable and can become elements for the prevention and control of the disease. With the aim to reduce the incidence of caries in children at the age of 18 months, an interdisciplinary primary prevention intervention is designed for families with children following the pediatric health program “Protocol d’activitats preventives i de promoció de la salut a l’edat pediàtrica” (PAPPS). Methodology: non-randomized clinical trial, carried out in two primary care centers in Catalonia from January 2019 to June 2022. In one of the centers, an educational intervention for primary prevention of caries was designed and implemented with advice and skills to the families. In the other center, the usual protocol of recommendations was maintained. The incidence of caries was evaluated and compared in both groups at the age of 18 months with a logistic regression model estimated with the R program. Results: the incidence of caries at 18 months was higher in children in the control group (OR=6.0; 95% CI 1.8-20.2), despite the fact that the caries risk assessment based on the called “Caries Management by Risk Assessment” (CAMBRA) indicated a higher risk of caries in infants in the intervention group. Conclusion: the interdisciplinary primary caries prevention intervention incorporated into child health programs reduces the incidence of caries in the first years of life.

A Review of Selected Dental Anomalies With Histologic Features in the Pediatric Patient.

Unique dental conditions in children include odontogenic cysts and tumors, hereditary dental diseases, developmental anomalies, and lesions associated with the eruption of the primary or permanent teeth. Many of these conditions have long lasting effects on the adult dentition in terms of affecting esthetics, function, and overall quality of life. Inherited dental syndromes affect the dental hard tissues specifically the enamel, dentin, and/or cementum in a generalized manner, involving both primary and permanent teeth. These conditions manifest in altered quality or quantity of the hard tissues, leading to fragility, tooth loss and dental diseases such as caries, periapical pathology, and periodontal disease. This category includes amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, hypophosphatasia, and hypophosphatemia. Developmental defects such as regional odontodysplasia are defined by involvement of the primary and permanent dentition in a localized manner, identified in early childhood. This review will elaborate on the histologic findings in these selected dental conditions with a discussion on clinical and radiographic findings, as well as molecular features wherever appropriate.

A two-year retrospective study on traumatic dental injury in the primary dentition.

The aim of this study was to analyze the causes, clinical characteristics, social factors, and current status of treatment of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the primary dentition. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 children (213 teeth) with TDI in the primary dentition from our hospital between December 2017 and June 2020. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and the Mann-Withney-Wilcoxon test. Boys accounted for 68.1% (98/144) and girls for 31.9% (46/144) of all 144 children with TDI in the primary dentition, with a boy-girl ratio of 2.13:1. The primary age of TDI in deciduous teeth was 2 to 4 years old, accounting for 59% of all cases. Collision with others and fall were the 2 main causes of trauma to the deciduous teeth, making up 52.1% and 44.4% of all causes, respectively. Crown fracture injury was the most common type of TDI in the primary dentition, accounting for 37% of all cases (53/144). Of the 144 cases, 17.4% (25/144) was accompanied by soft tissue laceration, while 22.2% (32/144) by swelling or contusion of tissue. Maxillary teeth (92.4%) were more vulnerable to injury than mandibular teeth (7.5%), with maxillary incisor being the most vulnerable 1 (91.5%). The percentage of children arrived at the hospital for treatment 24 hours after the injury was the highest (57.0%, 82/144). After the hospital visit, 74.3% of children received treatment for the dental trauma. In terms of the treatment modalities, extraction of the traumatized teeth (27.1%) and pulpectomy + resin filling (or preformed crown) restoration were predominant. Approximately 28.5% (41/144) of cases were reviewed within 2 years, with the proportion of children with pulpitis or periapical infection being the highest (29.3%, 12/41). Age, gender, collision, and fall are the factors linked to a higher risk of TDI in the primary dentition in children under the age of 7. Resin filling (or preformed crown) restoration and pulpectomy are effective in preserving the affected tooth and controlling infection. However, the preservation of the affected tooth and the prevention of infection may be hampered by late visits and low follow-up rates.

Comparative Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Self-cure, Dual-cure, and Light-cure Glass Ionomer Cements in a Simulated Oral Environment: An In Vitro Study.

In primary dentition, glass ionomer cements (GICs) have unique benefits as a restorative material. Various types of GICs are available in the market. In pediatric dentistry, the choice of GI materials is generally focused on handling convenience with adequate consideration for mechanical qualities, including compressive strength to withstand occlusal stresses in the oral environment. To evaluate the compressive strength of self-cure, dual-cure, and light-cure GI-based cements using a universal testing machine. The study population comprised 30 cylindrical restorative blocks for compressive strength assessment. The restorative materials used for the studies were self-cure GIC (ChemFil Rock and GC Fuji IX GP Fast GIC), dual-cure GIC (Equia Forte and Ionolux GIC), and light-cure GIC (GC Fuji II LC and Ketac N 100 GIC). The cylindrical blocks were prepared using prefabricated Teflon mold measuring 4 mm diameter and 6 mm height from respective restorative materials and divided into three major groups and were subdivided into six groups comprising two materials in each group. Using an Instron universal testing machine, compressive strength was assessed. Data obtained were tabulated, and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v22.0) software. On individual comparison of GI-based types of cement, Ketac N100 GIC showed the highest compressive strength, and Fuji IX GP Fast GIC showed the least compressive strength. Light-cure GIC exhibited the highest compressive strength in comparison to dual-cure and self-cure GICs with regard to the nature of curing. Chandru TP, Chandran S, Peedikayil FC, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Self-cure, Dual-cure, and Light-cure Glass Ionomer Cements in a Simulated Oral Environment: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):707-710.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nanosilver Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries in School Children.

The study evaluated the effectiveness of nanosilver fluoride (NSF) in arresting dental caries in 4-8-year-old school children. The two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included a total of 148 children aged 4-8 years with active carious lesions. Children were randomly divided into two groups: group I-NSF (n = 74); and group II-water (placebo and n = 74). Baseline data were recorded using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II criteria, and the teeth were treated with either of the solutions. Later, the teeth were evaluated by two blinded examiners for the lesion activity using ICDAS II criteria at 1, 3, and 6-month intervals. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test for intergroup comparison and Cochran's Q test for intragroup comparison. Cohen's κ test was used to check the interexaminer and intraexaminer variability. Carious teeth treated with NSF have shown 56.3, 59.2, and 62% arrested carious lesions, whereas the placebo group has shown 0, 2.9, and 4.4% arrested lesions at 1, 3, and 6-month intervals, respectively. NSF showed a high statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in arresting dental caries compared to the control group at all the time intervals. Nanosilver fluoride (NSF) is found to be effective in arresting dental caries without staining carious lesions. Therefore, it can be used to reduce the bacterial load for caries stabilization in the initial phase of the comprehensive treatment protocol for the management of children with active caries lesions. Most of the decayed teeth in the primary dentition remain untreated either because of inaccessible dental services or the uncooperativeness of children. Hence, there is an absolute need for a cariostatic agent which arrests the progression of caries in a simple and noninvasive manner. The results of this study evidence that NSF effectively arrests dental caries in primary teeth. Hence, this can be a very economical way of arresting caries in the population who don't have access to regular dental treatment. Devi C, Chandrasekhar R, Vinay C, et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nanosilver Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries in School Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):667-670.

Oral health status and oral habits of children and adolescents with hemophilia: a report from the children’s hemophilia comprehensive care center of China

In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilic children in China has significantly improved. However, oral health conditions, which affect quality of life, haven’t received attention in this population. To explore the oral health status and oral hygiene of children and adolescents with hemophilia in the Children’s Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Center of China. Dental and oral hygiene examinations were performed in children and adolescents with hemophilia who visited Beijing Children’s Hospital. DMFT/dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth in permanent and primary teeth) was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) was used to evaluate the oral hygiene condition of the subjects. Questionnaires were completed by their parents. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 114 children and adolescents were enrolled. The caries prevalence was 57.4%, 72.2% and 41.2% in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions respectively. The filling rates were 14.4%, 13.9%, and 11.4%, respectively, and the OHI-S scores of the three dentition groups were 1.49 ± 0.46, 1.57 ± 0.43, and 1.76 ± 0.46, respectively. A total of 103 valid questionnaires were collected. Sixty-nine children (67%) didn’t brushed their teeth 2 times a day. Nearly half of the parents knew little about fluoride toothpaste. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that brushing teeth with the help of parents had a significant positive impact on OHI-S. Conclusion: Dental health was unsatisfactory among hemophilic children and adolescents. The caries filling rates were low. Patients and their parents did not give much attention to oral health.What is Known:• Caries and gingivitis are the two main oral diseases that affect children with hemophilia.• However, the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with hemophilia have not received much attention in China.What is New:• This is the first study concentrating on the dental health of children with hemophilia in China.• Dental health was unsatisfactory among children and adolescents with hemophilia in China.

Intermaxillary Fixation in the Primary and Mixed Dentition.

Anatomic differences of the primary dentition may hinder traditional methods of intermaxillary fixation. Furthermore, the presence of both the primary and permanent dentition can complicate establishing, and maintaining, the preinjury occlusion. The treating surgeon must be aware of these differences for optimal treatment outcomes. This article discusses and illustrates methods that facial trauma surgeons can use to establish intermaxillary fixation in children aged 12 years and younger.

Reasons for Crown Failures in Primary Teeth: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background There is a tendency nowadays to restore large defects in primary dentition with pediatric crowns instead of conventional restorations. Thus, understanding the factors contributing to the survival or failure of dental crowns in pediatric dentistry is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes. Objective The primary objective of this protocol is to outline the methodological approach for analyzing data from observational studies and randomized controlled trials to investigate reasons for the failure of dental crowns in primary teeth and to compute their survival and failure rates. Methods A comprehensive literature review will be performed in electronic databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science. As per predefined inclusion criteria, we will include observational studies (prospective clinical studies) and randomized clinical trials that have an English abstract and involve children aged 1-10 years undergoing crown restorations. Two independent reviewers will independently screen all retrieved records and full-text articles and extract data. The study’s methodological quality will be appraised using suitable tools. Assessments of publication bias will be performed using funnel plots. The findings will be described qualitatively for the systematic review. If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed to estimate failure rates by dividing the number of failures by the total exposure time. A Poisson regression model, assuming constant event rates, will be used to compute 3-year and 5-year survival proportions. The Pearson goodness-of-fit statistics will be used to assess the heterogeneity of the model. A P value &lt;.05 will be considered significant. All analyses will be performed using R Statistical software (version 4.1.2; R Core Team). Results This systematic review and synthesis aim to assess the survival and failure rates of dental crowns in pediatric dentistry. By following this rigorous methodology, we seek to provide valuable insights into the factors contributing to the success or failure of these restorations. The results of our full review will have implications for pediatric dentists, researchers, and policy makers, helping to improve dental care for children. Conclusions This systematic review protocol helps in establishing a thorough approach for reviewing failures in pediatric crowns. By following this methodology, standardization and transparency of the process as well as accountability for the stated methods and outcomes will be ensured. The findings of this review and analysis will provide useful data on the survival of crowns to pediatric dentists and researchers. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42023442266; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=442266 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51505

Pediatric Le Fort, Zygomatic, and Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fractures.

Fractures of the pediatric midface are infrequent, particularly in children in the primary dentition, due to the prominence of the upper face relative to the midface and mandible. With downward and forward growth of the face, there is an increasing frequency of midface injuries seen in children in the mixed and adult dentitions. Midface fracture patterns seen in young children are quite variable; those in children at or near skeletal maturity mimic patterns seen in adults. Non-displaced injuries can typically be managed with observation. Displaced fractures require treatment with appropriate reduction and fixation and longitudinal follow-up to evaluate growth.

Tiny teeth, big challenges: dental trauma in the primary dentition

Tiny teeth, big challenges: dental trauma in the primary dentition

Correlates of childhood caries: A study in Qatar.

The prevalance of dental caries in children in Qatar is high, which necessitates preventive efforts. To identify the sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of dental caries in the primary dentition of children 4- to 8-year-olds in Qatar. Weighted data from the Qatar Child Oral Health Survey 2017 were analysed for caries prevalence (dmft>0) and experience (dmft). Sociodemographic and behavioural variables were also drawn from the survey. Among the 1154 children, caries prevalence was 69.3% (95%CI [63.4, 74.5]) and experience at 3.8 dmft (95%CI [3.3, 4.2]). The prevalence ratio (PR) 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) was lower among younger than in older children; those for non-Qatari nationality Arabic PR 0.91 (0.82, 1.00) and Other PR 0.75 (0.57, 0.99) than for Qatari nationality; those attending international kindergartens/schools PR 0.89 (0.80, 0.99) than independent schools; and whose parents had university-level education PR 0.85 (0.75,0.95) than did not. Caries prevalence was lower among those toothbrushing by age 3 years PR 0.88 (0.80,0.99) than later; children with low/intermediate sugar exposures PR 0.85 (0.74,0.97) and 0.89 (0.79,1.00) than those with high exposures; children with a dental check-up PR 0.68 (0.53,0.87) than those without; and children who drank bottled water with some fluoride PR 0.89 (0.80,0.99) than those who did not. Findings were similar for dmft. In conclusion caries prevalence varied but was high across sociodemographic correlates indicating vulnerablity. Interventions focusing on behaviours - such as toothbrushing, reducing sugar intake, check-up and encouraging intake of water with fluoride - are needed.

Assessment of sex and sexual dimorphism in children from Tamilnadu, India through odontometrics in primary dentition - a cross sectional study with discriminant function analysis.

One of the crucial steps in the process of identification of human remains is sex determination of an unknown individual. Sex can be determined using the human skeleton, especially by examining the pelvis and skull. Odontometric analysis and assessment of sexual dimorphism of the human dentition has been less investigated, especially in primary dentition. Hence, this research was designed to verify the presence of sexual dimorphism through odontometric approach in paediatric population of Tamil Nadu, India.The present study was performed on 229 females and 244 males between 3 and 6years of age. Linear measurements such as maximum mesio distal width, maximum bucco lingual width and clinical crown length were measured inall the primary teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Mann-Whitney-U test was used to check the statistical significance of the differences observed between males and females. Six equations were derived by discriminant function analysis for practical use.Sexual dimorphism existed in odontometric parameters of primary dentition. The maximum sexual dimorphism was observed in maximum bucco lingual width of 51 and maximum bucco lingual width of 75. The equations derived using discriminant function analysis yielded a jackknife accuracy ranging between 87.5% and 99.8%. These equations may be used to assess the sex from the children of Tamil Nadu, India.

Occlusal Characteristics of The Primary Dentition in Salah Al-Din City

Occlusal characteristics that are found in the primary dentition have a substantial role in the occlusal characteristics which will appear in permanent dentition. Consequently, a good background of Occlusal characteristics in children is substantial for dental practitioners. Use an observational, cross-sectional study on selected children randomly in Salah Al-Din to define the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in the group of Salah Al-Din's children. Objective: Collecting more data and information about the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in a group of Salah Al-Din's children. Methods: In randomly form selected 413 children between 3 and 6 years old from Salah Al-Din governorate as the sample. Under natural daylight or room light, the examination was done on all children to observe needed characteristics with the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of different types of terminal plane, primary canine relationship, anterior and posterior crossbite overjet, overbite, and primate spaces of the primary dentition were estimated. In the terminal plane we see that the flush terminal plane is the most prevalent type (63.20%). In a primary canine relationship, Class I was the most common type (80.39%). The ideal form of overjet was most common (88.86%). The most common form of overbite was the normal overbite (82.32%). Anterior and posterior have low prevalent (3.63%,1.94% respectively). Observed that primate space was present in 71.19% of the upper arch, and 60.05% is the ratio of mandible space. Conclusion: Most of the sample has desirable occlusal characteristics such as Flush terminal plane, Class 1 canine relationship, normal overjet etc., and undesirable occlusal characteristics have low prevalence as anterior open bite, reverse overjet..etc.