Primary Dentition In Children Research Articles

Systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and anamnestic risk factors for erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition.

Erosive tooth wear is a multifactorial and common condition in children. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and key risk factors for erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition of children up to 7 years of age. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched in February 2023 for observational studies reporting prevalence and anamnestic risk factors. Additionally, a manual hand search was performed. Meta-analyses were conducted for the prevalence and odds ratios of identified risk factors. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale modified for cross-sectional studies. A total of 26 sources, reporting on 23 studies, were included in the systematic review. The overall estimated prevalence of children with erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition amounted to 35.6% (95% CI: 24.8-48.1). Anamnestic factors were structured into domains. Meta-analyses revealed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; padj. = .008; OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.37-2.87), consumption of acidic food (padj. < .001; OR = 5.14, 95% CI: 3.56-7.42) and acidic drinks (padj. < .001; OR = 6.90, 95% CI: 4.64-10.25), holding beverages in the mouth while drinking (padj. = .035; OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.26-2.63), and snacking regularly (padj. = .041; OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.18-2.10) to be significantly associated with erosive tooth wear. Future research should use standardized questionnaires to assess erosive tooth wear and its underlying risk factors (PROSPERO: CRD4202339776).

Black stain and dental caries in primary dentition of preschool children in Qingdao, China.

Black stain (BS) and caries are common oral issues in children worldwide. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of BS and caries in primary dentition of children in Qingdao, China and evaluate the potential association between them. A total of 672 preschool children aged 3-5 years old from 12 kindergartens in Qingdao, northern China were enrolled in the study. The prevalences of BS and caries were counted, and their distributions across different ages and genders were analyzed. The potential protective role of BS (independent variable) on caries (dependent variable) was analyzed via binary logistic regression analysis. BS was observed in 103 children (15.33%), including 3 severe- (0.45%), 28 moderate- (4.17%), and 72 mild (10.71%) forms. Caries was observed in 374 children (55.65%) and it was positively associated with age. Notably, the prevalence of caries was lower in children with BS than in those without BS (42.72% vs. 58.00%, respectively). Children with BS were less likely to suffer from caries than those without BS. BS in mild or moderate/severe forms was associated with a low risk of caries. In summary, the prevalence of BS in primary dentition in Qingdao, China is at a relatively high level worldwide. BS is a protective factor for caries in primary dentition.

A two-year retrospective study on traumatic dental injury in the primary dentition.

The aim of this study was to analyze the causes, clinical characteristics, social factors, and current status of treatment of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the primary dentition. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 children (213 teeth) with TDI in the primary dentition from our hospital between December 2017 and June 2020. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and the Mann-Withney-Wilcoxon test. Boys accounted for 68.1% (98/144) and girls for 31.9% (46/144) of all 144 children with TDI in the primary dentition, with a boy-girl ratio of 2.13:1. The primary age of TDI in deciduous teeth was 2 to 4 years old, accounting for 59% of all cases. Collision with others and fall were the 2 main causes of trauma to the deciduous teeth, making up 52.1% and 44.4% of all causes, respectively. Crown fracture injury was the most common type of TDI in the primary dentition, accounting for 37% of all cases (53/144). Of the 144 cases, 17.4% (25/144) was accompanied by soft tissue laceration, while 22.2% (32/144) by swelling or contusion of tissue. Maxillary teeth (92.4%) were more vulnerable to injury than mandibular teeth (7.5%), with maxillary incisor being the most vulnerable 1 (91.5%). The percentage of children arrived at the hospital for treatment 24 hours after the injury was the highest (57.0%, 82/144). After the hospital visit, 74.3% of children received treatment for the dental trauma. In terms of the treatment modalities, extraction of the traumatized teeth (27.1%) and pulpectomy + resin filling (or preformed crown) restoration were predominant. Approximately 28.5% (41/144) of cases were reviewed within 2 years, with the proportion of children with pulpitis or periapical infection being the highest (29.3%, 12/41). Age, gender, collision, and fall are the factors linked to a higher risk of TDI in the primary dentition in children under the age of 7. Resin filling (or preformed crown) restoration and pulpectomy are effective in preserving the affected tooth and controlling infection. However, the preservation of the affected tooth and the prevention of infection may be hampered by late visits and low follow-up rates.

Correlates of childhood caries: A study in Qatar.

The prevalance of dental caries in children in Qatar is high, which necessitates preventive efforts. To identify the sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of dental caries in the primary dentition of children 4- to 8-year-olds in Qatar. Weighted data from the Qatar Child Oral Health Survey 2017 were analysed for caries prevalence (dmft>0) and experience (dmft). Sociodemographic and behavioural variables were also drawn from the survey. Among the 1154 children, caries prevalence was 69.3% (95%CI [63.4, 74.5]) and experience at 3.8 dmft (95%CI [3.3, 4.2]). The prevalence ratio (PR) 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) was lower among younger than in older children; those for non-Qatari nationality Arabic PR 0.91 (0.82, 1.00) and Other PR 0.75 (0.57, 0.99) than for Qatari nationality; those attending international kindergartens/schools PR 0.89 (0.80, 0.99) than independent schools; and whose parents had university-level education PR 0.85 (0.75,0.95) than did not. Caries prevalence was lower among those toothbrushing by age 3 years PR 0.88 (0.80,0.99) than later; children with low/intermediate sugar exposures PR 0.85 (0.74,0.97) and 0.89 (0.79,1.00) than those with high exposures; children with a dental check-up PR 0.68 (0.53,0.87) than those without; and children who drank bottled water with some fluoride PR 0.89 (0.80,0.99) than those who did not. Findings were similar for dmft. In conclusion caries prevalence varied but was high across sociodemographic correlates indicating vulnerablity. Interventions focusing on behaviours - such as toothbrushing, reducing sugar intake, check-up and encouraging intake of water with fluoride - are needed.

Comprehensive Oral Rehabilitation Amidst COVID-19 Times with General Anaesthesia in the Primary Dentition in Children with Frankel's Definitely Negative Behaviour

Accomplishing complete dental rehabilitation in a young child requires extra efforts, primarily because of the need to make use of behavior modification techniques, especially in the children requiring extensive dental procedures. Pharmacological means are sought when nonpharmacological techniques fail. General anesthesia (GA) comes to rescue in such cases. The applicability of GA in pediatric dentistry has been researched a lot and found to be effective. The case reports describe the challenges faced in managing the mutilated dentition in two children with Frankel's behavior rating as 1 (definitely negative behavior), in the midst of a pandemic where the pediatric dentist had to take care of the parental anxiety related to the child's oral conditions along with the concern of safety protocols followed in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Complete oral rehabilitation was accomplished for both the children under GA.

Impact of Fluoride on Associations between Free Sugars Intake and Dental Caries in US Children.

Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease in US children, with the highest burden among Black and Hispanic youth. Sugars are a primary risk factor, but few studies have specifically measured intakes of free sugars and related this to dental caries or explored the extent to which water fluoride mitigates the cariogenicity of free sugars. Furthermore, the cariogenicity of certain free sugars sources, such as extruded fruit and vegetable products, is unclear. Using cross-sectional data on 4,906 children aged 2 to 19 y in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, we examined associations of free sugars intake with counts of decayed or filled primary tooth surfaces (dfs) and decayed, missing, or filled permanent surfaces (DMFS) in negative binomial regressions. Stratified models examined these associations in children with home water fluoride above or below the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended level of 0.7 ppm. Free sugars accounted for 16.4% of energy, primarily contributed by added sugars. In adjusted models, a doubling in the percentage of energy from free sugars was associated with 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-47%) greater dfs among children aged 2 to 8. A doubling in energy from added sugars was associated with 20% (95% CI, 1%-42%) greater dfs and 10% (95% CI, 2%-20%) greater DMFS in children aged 6 to 19 y. Beverages were the most important source of added sugars associated with increased caries. Other free sugars were not associated with dfs or DMFS. Associations between free sugars and caries were diminished among children with home water fluoride of 0.7 ppm or greater. Free sugars intake, especially in the form of added sugars and specifically in sweetened beverages, was associated with higher dental caries. Water fluoride exposures modify these associations, reducing caries risk in the primary dentition of children whose home water meets recommended fluoride levels. Intake of free sugars, especially in the form of added sugars and specifically in beverages, was associated with higher dental caries in US children in this study. Water fluoride exposure at CDC-recommended levels protected against caries, especially in the primary dentition. These findings suggest that household water fluoridation at CDC-recommended levels protects against the cariogenic potential of free and added sugars during childhood.

Association between breastfeeding profile and malocclusion of children in a preventive program

Purpose: To analyze the influence of the breastfeeding profile on the occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition in children participating and not participating in an educational-preventive dental program as well as its influence in these aspects. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire filled in by the guardians combined with the examination of the occlusal characteristics of 400 children aged between 27 and 48 months, divided into 2 groups, 200 participants of a preventive dental program, Baby Clinic (BC), and 200 from schools from the city, not participating in a preventive dental program. The questionnaire included retrospective information on duration, type and form of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH). Clinical evaluation of dental occlusion was also performed, using the malocclusion index recommended by the World Health Organization. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: In both groups, a high percentage of mothers breastfed their children (90% BC; 84.5% schools); high percentage of children had NNSH (64.5% BC; 57.5% schools), as well as a high rate of dental malocclusion (63% BC; 58% schools), the main one being anterior open bite (20.5% BC; 15% schools). In both groups, a lower occurrence of malocclusion was observed in children who were exclusively breastfed for up to six months (29.5% BC; 16.5% schools). Conclusions: our results indicated that children who were breastfed up to 6 months had a lower occurrence of malocclusion compared to those who were weaned early.

First Nations and Metis peoples\u2019 access and equity challenges with early childhood oral health: a qualitative study

BackgroundInequities in early childhood oral health are evident amongst Indigenous peoples and communities in Manitoba, Canada. Early childhood caries (ECC) is decay in primary dentition in children under 6 years of age. A severe form of the disease occurs at a higher rate in Indigenous populations compared to the general population. ECC has been strongly associated with social determinants of health.MethodsFocus groups and sharing circles were conducted with four First Nations and Metis communities in urban and rural communities in Manitoba. There were eight groups in total of purposively sampled participants (n = 59). A grounded theory approach guided thematic analysis of audio recorded and transcribed data.ResultsIndigenous participants experienced challenges similar to those found in the general population, such as encouraging and motivating parents and caregivers to establish regular oral hygiene routines for their children. However other challenges reported, disproportionately affect Indigenous communities. These include poor access to dental care, specifically no dental offices within 1 h driving radius and not having transportation to get there. Not having evidence-based oral health information to support good oral hygiene practices, preventing parents from making the best choices of oral hygiene products and oral health behaviours for their children. Poverty and food insecurity resulting in poor nutritional choices and leading to ECC. For example, feeding children sugary foods and beverages because those are more readily avialble than healthy options. Confusing or difficult encounters with dental professionals, highlighted as a factor that can erode trust, reduce compliance and impact continued attendance at dental offices.ConclusionClosing existing early childhood oral health gaps for First Nations and Metis peoples and communities requires equity-oriented healthcare approaches to address specific problems and challenges faced by these populations. Family, community and systemic level interventions that directly implement community recommendations are needed.

Caries distribution pattern in primary dentition in children in early childhood from the Warsaw agglomeration

Introduction. The high incidence and level of early childhood caries (ECC) in children aged 3 years in Poland indicate a high risk of developing this disease in younger children. Caries most often develops on the occlusal surfaces of molars. The distribution of caries in primary dentition changes with age. In younger children, the maxillary incisors are most often affected by caries, while in the older ones – molars. There are no current data describing caries distribution in younger children in Poland. Aim. Assessment of caries distribution, taking into account the surface in primary dentition in children in the second and third year of life from the Warsaw agglomeration. Material and methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among children aged 12-36 months to assess dental condition for the presence of non-cavitated (d1) and cavitated caries (d2), fillings (f), and missing (m) teeth (t) and surfaces (s) caused by caries. The frequency of ECC and its intensity (d1d2mft and d1d2mfs) were determined. In the statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used to compare the fractions (percentages). Results. A total of 496 children were examined, including 262 (52.8%) boys. S-ECC was recorded in 44.8% of the respondents, d1d2mft and d1d2mfs reached the values of 2.62 ± 3.88 and 4.46 ± 8.42, respectively. Central maxillary incisors (34.2%) and the first molars of both arches (21.0%, including 23.5% for the maxilla and 18.6% for the mandible) were most commonly affected by carious lesions. Carious lesions were most often found on the labial surfaces of the maxillary incisors (19.1%) and occlusal first molars (19.4%). Conclusions. Primary teeth caries in the early childhood period is characterized by a rapid transformation of non-cavitated lesions into cavitated ones and subsequent eruption of teeth. Carious lesions most are most often found on the labial surfaces of the central incisors of the maxilla and occlusal surfaces of the first molars.

Randomised clinical study of plaque removal efficacy of an electric toothbrush in primary and mixed dentition.

Clinical investigations of electric toothbrushes in young children are limited. To assess plaque reduction efficacy of an oscillating-rotating electric versus manual toothbrush in a paediatric population in primary and mixed dentitions. In this randomised, single-brushing, 2-treatment, 4-period, replicate-use crossover study, subjects were divided into 2 age groups (3-6years; 7-9years) and assigned to a treatment sequence involving an Oral-B Kids electric brush and a manual brush control. Plaque was assessed pre- and post-brushing (Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index). Parents brushed the teeth of their children aged 3-6years, whereas children aged 7-9years brushed their own teeth under supervision. Plaque removal scores were analysed for brush differences in each age group separately using an analysis of covariance for crossover design. Forty-one children (n=20, 3-6years; n=21, 7-9years) completed the study. For the primary dentition in children 3-6years, the electric brush reduced 32.3% more plaque than the manual brush (P=.005). For the mixed dentition in children 7-9years, the electric brush reduced 51.9% more plaque than the manual brush (P<.001). An electric toothbrush reduced significantly more plaque than a manual toothbrush in 2 paediatric age groups.

Order and chronology of temporary teeth breaking

The order and chronology of the temporary tooth eruption is an expression of the child's growth and influences his later dental development. Having knowledge about the average age of emergence of each tooth is useful to establish a diagnosis, prevention and treatment of malocclusions, for which the objective of this research is to characterize the pattern of emergence of primary dentition in children in Cerro district, Havana, Cuba. For this, a descriptive observational study was designed in 370 children of both sexes between 0 and 36 months of age, in said clinic during September / 2017 to January / 2020. The variables were studied: age, sex, tooth, hemiarcade and chronology of the dental outbreak. Frequency distributions were made to all the variables under study and the results are presented in statistical tables. The t-Student test was used to verify significant differences. The main results obtained were that the teeth of the maxillary arch erupted before those of the mandibular, except for the central incisors and the lower left lateral incisor. Although the fact that the dental flare began first in males in both arches (5,86 months in the maxilla, ± 0,92; and in the mandible 4,92 months ± 1,09), the time period of outbreak was somewhat faster in females (19,83 months in the maxilla and 21,64 months in the mandible) and males (20,26 months and 22,16 months), but without significant differences (p &lt;0, 05). It is concluded that the eruption pattern was similar to that described in the literature, except for slight advancement for the central incisors and delay in second primary molars.

Prevalence of Malocclusion in Primary Dentition in Southeast Part of Haryana, India: A Cross-sectional Study.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition of children in southeast part of Haryana state in India.Materials and methodsAbout 1,540 children of age 3–5 years from 10 nursery and 10 primary schools were selected across Rohtak city. The children were selected by stratified random technique and examined at their respective schools. Oral examination was done to record the parameters such as molar relation, canine relation, crowding, spacing, midline shift, overjet, overbite, rotations, supernumerary teeth, tooth wear, anterior crossbite, and open bite. Chi-square test was used for calculating p-value.ResultsClass I canine relations was seen in 66.2%, flush terminal plane, mesial step, and distal step were observed in 60%, 30.8%, 9.2%, respectively. Midline shift was observed in 1.8% in maxilla and 4% cases in mandible. Rotations were more prevalent in mandibular dentition (26%). Supernumerary teeth were found to be 0.4% in maxillary arch. Spacing was reported in 81.9% in maxillary dentition and 69% in mandibular dentition. Increased overjet and overbite was present in 10.3% and 30.9%, respectively. Anterior crossbite and anterior open bite were seen in only 1% and 1.9% children, respectively with statistically significant higher prevalence in males. Prevalence of attritional facets were reported 13% in enamel and 8% in dentin.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of class I canine relation, flush terminal plane molar, and spaced dentitions, suggestive of low prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition in Rohtak district of Haryana state. The results may provide a baseline data for further research on a larger scale.How to cite this articleSharma K, Bihani T, Kumar V. Prevalence of Malocclusion in Primary Dentition in Southeast Part of Haryana, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(6):757–761.

Maternal Knowledge Regarding Feeding Practices and its Effect on Occlusion of Primary Dentition in Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

ABSTRACTBackgroundInfant feeding practices are an important factor influencing malocclusion in deciduous dentition, which can have long-lasting negative outcomes on oral health-related quality of life. Hence, knowledge, attitudes and cultural practices of mothers are vital in prevention of this.ObjectiveThe present study was carried out to assess the mother's knowledge about feeding practices and its influence on primary dentition.Materials and methodsThe current study was a cross-sectional study of 187 mothers of 3- to 5-year-old children identified with malocclusion, conducted in the pedodontics department of tertiary care teaching dental hospital in South India.ResultsMajority of the mothers were graduates (31.6%) or undergraduates or postgraduates (42.8%). The duration of breastfeeding was 0–3 months in 9.1%, 3–6 months in 23%, 6–12 months in 30.5%, and >12 months in 37.5%. Bottle-feeding was reported by 21.4%. Only 52.4% of the mothers were aware about caries, and 66.2% were aware of malocclusion. The prevalence of malocclusion was 63.6% in study population, and the prevalence of caries was 30.5%. The most common type of malocclusion was overjet seen in 20.9% of study subjects. The proportion of children with crowding, open bite, and crossbite was 17.1, 15, and 10.7%, respectively. There was a gradually increasing trend in malocclusion awareness with increasing educational status of the mother which was statistically not significant (p value = 0.119). The proportion of malocclusion was highest in children who received breastfeeding between 3 months and 6 months and was highest (69.8%) in children who received bottle-feeding for more than 12 months. None of the factors had shown a statistically significant association with malocclusion in study population.ConclusionThe prevalence of malocclusion is high in children, and mothers’ awareness regarding malocclusion is poor.Clinical significanceThere is a need to educate mothers about proper feeding practices to prevent dental malocclusion.How to cite this articleDuraisamy V, Pragasam AX, Vasavaih SK, et al. Maternal Knowledge Regarding Feeding Practices and its Effect on Occlusion of Primary Dentition in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):31–34.

Prevalence Of Molar Relation In Primary Dentition In Children In Abha Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence Of Molar Relation In Primary Dentition In Children In Abha Region, Saudi Arabia

Teething symptoms in children with congenital Zika syndrome: A 2-year follow-up.

The eruption of primary teeth represents a stage of many challenges for parents. To investigate the occurrence of signs and symptoms related to the eruption of the primary dentition in children with congenital Zika syndrome. Longitudinal study developed with 79 children followed up for a period of 24months. Data on sex, gestational age, low birthweight, microcephaly, signs and symptoms related to the dental eruption phase, and use and type of medication were collected. Data were presented by descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test). The majority (94.9%) exhibited simultaneously two or more signs and symptoms related to dental eruption. Increased salivation (91.1%), irritability (86.1%), and gingival itching (83.5%) were the most commonly reported signs and symptoms. Bivariate analysis showed association between elevation of body temperature and sex (P<0.05). Almost two-thirds of mothers (63.3%) reported using medication to relieve symptoms presented by the child; however, the use of topical medication prevailed (57.1%). All children with congenital Zika syndrome presented manifestations related to the eruption of primary teeth, with increased salivation, irritability, and gingival pruritus. The use of ointments and gels was the option of mothers in the treatment of the oral discomfort presented by infants.

Significance of genetic variations in developmental enamel defects of primary dentition in Polish children

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to reveal the association between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ENAM, AMELX, AMBN, TUFT1, and TFIP11 genes.Material and methodsThe molecular analysis was carried out in 52 children, aged 10–42 months, from four nursery schools situated in the region of Poznan, Poland (26 individuals with hypomineralization and/or hypoplasia of enamel - “cases” and 26 unaffected children - “controls”), chosen from 262 individuals that had prior dental examination. Six selected SNP variants (rs17878486 in AMELX, rs4694075 in AMBN, rs3796704 in ENAM, rs134136 and rs5997096 in TFIP11, and rs3790506 in TUFT1) were genotyped by the TaqMan probes assay. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated, and a standard chi-squared analysis was used to test for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The association between genetic variations and developmental defects of enamel was assessed by the Fisher’s exact test and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsStatistically significant positive correlations were found between the rare T allele (p = 0.005) and the TT genotype (p = 0.0052) for rs17878486 in AMELX and occurrence of developmental enamel defects in primary dentition of children. For rs4694075 in AMBN, a higher incidence of the rare T allele (p = 0.0157) was observed in controls compared to DDE cases, whereas the wild-type CC homozygote was more frequent in DDE cases than in controls (p = 0.0062).ConclusionsThe study showed that the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the AMELX and AMBN genes may be genetic variants that contribute to developmental defects of enamel in primary dentition of children.Clinical relevanceThe single nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes may increase the risk for developmental defects of enamel (DDE) occurrence in primary dentition in children.

Fluoride/vitamin D tablet supplementation in infants-effects on dental health after 10years.

We examined whether fluoride/vitamin D supplementation in the first year of life is associated with caries or molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) at 10years of age. The study population consisted of 406 children for whom information on fluoride/vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life was available. Dental examination at the age of 10 included caries and MIH registration. The results of logistic regression models were adjusted for gender, age, BMI, parental education, and equivalent income. Children receiving supplementation during the entire first year of life had a significantly lower probability of having caries-related restorations in primary teeth in comparison to those who received supplementation for less than 6months (fluoride supplementation: odds ratio (OR) for d3-4mfs 2.47 (1.32-4.63), for fs 2.70 (1.43-5.10); vitamin D supplementation: OR for d3-4mfs 2.08 (1.00-4.32), fs 2.50 (1.19-5.25)). The majority of logistic regression analyses indicated no association between supplementation and MIH. It was found a consistent significant caries-preventive effect in the primary dentition of children who received fluoride (256/372)/vitamin D supplementation (274/376) in all 12months over the first year of life; no effects were observed for permanent dentition. The high parental interest in supplementation is linked to an imbalance of the study groups. Furthermore, tooth brushing frequency, use of fluoride toothpastes and/or other oral hygiene products were not recorded during the observation period which may also confound the results. Fluoride/vitamin D supplementation can be used in children for preventing caries in the primary dentition.

WITHDRAWN: Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition.

Reason for withdrawal from publication This review is now out of date and is being superseded. The new protocol for the update is Weldon JC, Yengopal V, Siegfried N, Gostemeyer G, Schwendicke F, Worthington HV. Dental filling materials for managing carious lesions in the primary dentition. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 9 . Art. No.: CD012338. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012338, which is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012338/full

Malocclusion in the primary dentition in children with and without deformational plagiocephaly.

Asymmetries of the jaw and orthodontic abnormalities are suspected as long-term consequences of positional cranial deformity. But only few data exist on this issue. As plagiocephaly is a common problem in infancy, potential functional impairments should be investigated to initiate appropriate measures if necessary. The aim of our study was to compare the orthodontic situation in primary dentition of children with positional plagiocephaly and children without cranial deformities. Fifty children treated by helmet therapy for plagiocephaly and 50 non-affected children (age 1.98-5.69years) were examined in a cross-sectional study. Orthodontic parameters of all dimensions were assessed and analyzed. Children of the plagiocephalic group showed more often orthodontic alterations compared to the others. Especially the frequencies of a class II malocclusion (36 vs. 14%), an edge-to edge bite (28 vs. 12%), and deviations of the midline (38 vs. 16%) were conspicuous. However, none of the differences was significant (p>0.003). Of all observed mandibular asymmetries, 69% appeared as a shift to the contralateral side of the former flattened occipital region. Positional head deformity might be associated in some cases with a higher prevalence of occlusal abnormalities in primary dentition. Positional plagiocephaly interfaces medicine and dentistry. As it is a common disorder, this etiology has to be considered in the prevention and therapy of malocclusion.

The prevalence and pattern of cavitated carious lesions in primary dentition among children under 5 years age in Sirsa, Haryana (India).

Background:To determine the prevalence and pattern of cavitated carious lesions in primary dentition in children below 5 years of age in Sirsa, Haryana.Aims:The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of dental caries in primary dentition and compute data for planning anticipatory programs in children aged less than 5 years.Settings and Design:The study was conducted among children attending the outpatient department of pedodontics, JCD Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana (India) from April to December 2014.Materials and Methods:This study consisted of 576 children of both sexes (311 males and 265 females) up to 5 years of age. Dentition status and treatment proforma (WHO, 1997) was used to assess the prevalence of cavitated carious lesions. Selection of children for the study was done by simple random sampling method.Statistical Analysis:Chi-square test and t-test were used to compute data for statistical analysis.Results:33.85% of children in the study population showed presence of cavitated carious lesions. Males showed slightly higher prevalence of cavitated carious lesions than females (P = 0.35). Incidence of caries was higher in mandibular arch in both the sexes (males P = 0.9, females P = 0.7) and in posterior teeth (both sex wise and arch wise). Higher caries prevalence was noticed in maxillary anterior teeth (P = 0.04) and mandibular posterior teeth (P = 0.7). Primary second molars showed highest caries prevalence (P = 0.39) in both the arches and sexes.Conclusion:The mean prevalence of cavitated carious lesions in primary dentition was found to be 33.85%. Males were more affected than females. Mandibular molars and maxillary anterior teeth were the predominantly affected teeth. Mandibular anterior teeth were least affected. The increase in incidence of cavitated carious lesions shows that there is necessity of implementing dental health awareness programs and modifications in types of food consumed are needed to eliminate the cause of decay.