Significance of genetic variations in developmental enamel defects of primary dentition in Polish children

Karolina Gerreth,Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka,Maciej Zabel,Michal Nowicki,Katarzyna Zaorska

doi:10.1007/s00784-017-2115-1

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to reveal the association between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ENAM, AMELX, AMBN, TUFT1, and TFIP11 genes.Material and methodsThe molecular analysis was carried out in 52 children, aged 10–42 months, from four nursery schools situated in the region of Poznan, Poland (26 individuals with hypomineralization and/or hypoplasia of enamel - “cases” and 26 unaffected children - “controls”), chosen from 262 individuals that had prior dental examination. Six selected SNP variants (rs17878486 in AMELX, rs4694075 in AMBN, rs3796704 in ENAM, rs134136 and rs5997096 in TFIP11, and rs3790506 in TUFT1) were genotyped by the TaqMan probes assay. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated, and a standard chi-squared analysis was used to test for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The association between genetic variations and developmental defects of enamel was assessed by the Fisher’s exact test and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsStatistically significant positive correlations were found between the rare T allele (p = 0.005) and the TT genotype (p = 0.0052) for rs17878486 in AMELX and occurrence of developmental enamel defects in primary dentition of children. For rs4694075 in AMBN, a higher incidence of the rare T allele (p = 0.0157) was observed in controls compared to DDE cases, whereas the wild-type CC homozygote was more frequent in DDE cases than in controls (p = 0.0062).ConclusionsThe study showed that the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the AMELX and AMBN genes may be genetic variants that contribute to developmental defects of enamel in primary dentition of children.Clinical relevanceThe single nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes may increase the risk for developmental defects of enamel (DDE) occurrence in primary dentition in children.

Highlights

Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are disturbances in tooth hard tissue matrices and mineralization that occur during odontogenesis and may affect both primary as well as permanent dentition [1]
Hart et al findings suggest that mutations in genes crucial in the process of amelogenesis may be essential for the etiology of local enamel hypoplasia [11]
Different authors have reported that genetic variations in genes responsible for enamel formation may result in amelogenesis imperfecta, which are a heterogenous group of heritable disorders characterized by failure of normal amelogenesis resulting in quantitative and qualitative defects of enamel

Summary

Introduction

Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are disturbances in tooth hard tissue matrices and mineralization that occur during odontogenesis and may affect both primary as well as permanent dentition [1]. The etiological factors causing such changes may be localized or systemic and can act in the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal periods [1]. Developmental defects of enamel are categorized into two main groups, such as enamel hypomineralization and enamel hypoplasia [2, 3]. Hypomineralization ( termed opacity) is a qualitative defect of the enamel appearing as a defect in the. Clin Oral Invest (2018) 22:321–329 translucency of this tissue. The lesions may manifest as demarcated as well as diffuse opacities [2]. Hypoplasia is a quantitative defect in the enamel surface related to reduced its thickness [2]

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