Primary Data Research Articles

COVID-19 vaccination at a hospital in Paris: Spatial analyses and inverse equity hypothesis

BackgroundVaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been deployed in France since January 2021. Without specific action for different population subgroups, the inverse equity hypothesis postulates that people in the most deprived neighbourhoods will be the last to benefit. The article aims to study whether the inverse care law has been verified in the context of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 from a vaccination centre of a hospital in the Paris region. MethodsWe performed a spatial analysis using primary data from the vaccination centre of the Avicenne Hospital in Bobigny from January 8th to September 30th, 2021. Primary data variables include the vaccinated person's date, age, and postal address. Secondary data calculates access times between residential neighbourhoods and the vaccination centre and social deprivation index. We performed flow analysis, k-means aggregation, and mapping. Results32,712 people were vaccinated at the study centre. Vaccination flow to the hospital shows that people living in the most disadvantaged areas were the last to be vaccinated. The number of people immunized according to the level of social deprivation then scales out with slightly more access to the vaccination centre for the most advantaged. The furthest have travelled more than 100 kilometres, and more than 1h45 of transport time to get to this vaccination centre. ConclusionThe study confirms the inverse equity hypothesis and shows that vaccination preparedness strategies must consider equity issues. Public health interventions should be implemented according to proportionate universalism and use community health, health mediation, and outreach activities for more equity.

Follow-up to Adolescence after Early Peanut Introduction for Allergy Prevention.

A randomized trial demonstrated consumption of peanut from infancy to age 5 years prevented the development of peanut allergy. An extension of that trial demonstrated the effect persisted after 1 year of peanut avoidance. This follow-up trial examined the durability of peanut tolerance at age 144 months after years of ad libitum peanut consumption. Participants from a randomized peanut consumption trial were assessed for peanut allergy following an extended period of eating or avoiding peanuts as desired. The primary end point was the rate of peanut allergy at age 144 months. We enrolled 508 of the original 640 participants (79.4%); 497 had complete primary end point data. At age 144 months, peanut allergy remained significantly more prevalent in participants in the original peanut avoidance group than in the original peanut consumption group (15.4% [38 of 246 participants] vs. 4.4% [11 of 251 participants]; P<0.001). Participants in both groups reported avoiding peanuts for prolonged periods of time between 72 and 144 months. Participants at 144 months in the peanut consumption group had levels of Ara h2-specific immunoglobulin E (a peanut allergen associated with anaphylaxis) of 0.03 ± 3.42 kU/l and levels of peanut-specific immunoglobulin G4 of 535.5 ± 4.98 μg/l, whereas participants in the peanut avoidance group had levels of Ara h2-specific immunoglobulin E of 0.06 ± 11.21 kU/l and levels of peanut-specific immunoglobulin G4 of 209.3 ± 3.84 μg/l. Adverse events were uncommon, and the majority were related to the food challenge. Peanut consumption, starting in infancy and continuing to age 5 years, provided lasting tolerance to peanut into adolescence irrespective of subsequent peanut consumption, demonstrating that long-term prevention and tolerance can be achieved in food allergy. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ITN070AD, ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03546413.).

Synchronization Functions of “Mickey-Mousing” in Animation Film Rhapsody Rabbit

Synchronization between visual animation and music has been widely known as mickey-mousing. Notable old animation films have used this particular technique to reinforce action with a musical flourish and convey a certain meaning. Furthermore, animation music is commonly based on popular music, such as The Hungarian Rhapsody No.2 in Rhapsody Rabbit. The music is utilized not just as a scoring aspect but to dictate every Bugs Bunny's action when playing the piano. This research aims to study the implementation of the mickey-mousing technique in Rhapsody Rabbit film. It uses a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze visual and aural aspects—primary data is sourced from the Rhapsody Rabbit film and the Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 music sheet. Secondary data is collected from literature studies related to the topic. Data collection is conducted through observation, interview, and documentation study. The data is analyzed using Klaus Krippendorf's content analysis technique which divided into six steps. The result of this study is that the mickey-mousing technique is implemented through a combination of a fast pace of visual and musical play altogether. Animation adapts to several parts of the musical composition so that articulation, illustration, and accentuation occur as a function of the mickey-mousing technique.

Mangkoan Sound: the Concept of Traditional Talempong Prohibition in Luhak nan Tigo Minangkabau

Aesthetically, the aim of this research is to reveal the musical taste and musical standards of tuo talempong in alignment talempong tradition – mangkoan sound. By ontology and epistemology; form music talempong in life public Already Lots revealed by the researchers previously. However there are one component important that hasn't been touched by researchers, which is related to draft alignment t alempong tradition in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. Principle base alignment talempong related with the musical taste and musical standards of the tuo (elders) of talempong in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. Based on qualitative research principles; The researcher becomes the main instrument in collecting research data,includinginitial study and problem analysis, primary data collection through participant observers – ethnography, in-depth interviews – free and structured, documentation, and data analysis.The analysis was carried out on musical taste and musical standards that were found in the field. Research results show that ' mangkoan the sound ' is A draft alignment talempong tradition in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau.

Factors driving business intelligence adoption: an extended technology-organization-environment framework

Business intelligence (BI) is a vital component for businesses of all scales, offering actionable insights crucial for timely decision-making. This technology has become integral across diverse enterprises. Recognizing the factors influencing BI adoption is imperative, and this article employs the organization, complexity, knowledge, technology, user perception and experience, economic, environmental, and social (OCKTUEES) framework to identify key aspects. Building upon the TOE framework, it pinpoints significant variables, emphasizing the importance of factors like user perception and experience, technology, social, economical, and environmental. Employing structural equation modelling on primary data yields actionable insights to address BI adoption challenges. Analysis reveals the user perception and experience, technology, social, economic, and environmental as the top factors. However, the organization appears vulnerable, necessitating a mitigation strategy for successful BI adoption. The study predicts insignificant variables requiring mitigation, such as high costs, inadequate resources, organizational size, security and privacy concerns, risk of open-source adoption, and perception of analytics impacting jobs. This research aids those navigating the BI implementation journey.

Comparative analysis of fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods for quality of service-based web service selection

This research aims to compare and analyze the effectiveness of four popular fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods (FMCDMMs) for quality of service (QoS)-based web service selection. These methods are fuzzy DEMATEL (FD), fuzzy TOPSIS (FT), fuzzy VIKOR (FV), and fuzzy PROMETHEE (FP), including three ranking versions of FV. We assess the ranking similarities among these methods using Spearman's relationship figure. We describe the algorithms of these six FMCDMs in the methods section. In a case study, we collected primary data from five experts who rated nine QoS factors of nine web services. We used modified online software for analysis. The results showed that S6 ranked first in all FMCDMs, except for FD and FP, where it was ranked 2nd and 8th, respectively. The highest association coefficient (Rs) was found between FT and FV ranking in S techniques (0.983), FV ranking in S and FV ranking in Q (0.883), and FT and FV ranking Q (0.833) when comparing the similarity measure of the FMCDMMs. This analysis helps decision-makers and researchers choose the most suitable methods for integrated FMCDMs studies and real-world problem-solving.

Fundamental LCZ Mapping with ArcGIS-Based Spatial and Correlational Analyses to Study the Impacts of Infrastructural Area- Maximum Volume (A-MV) Attributes on OTC – An Urban Aw Summer Case

The aim of this study is to map the study location stretches into 100mx100m local climate zones (LCZs) on the basis of primary observations and secondary photographic data for spatial analysis of various urban infrastructural elements (grey(G)-built structures, blue(B)-water bodies and green (Gr)-natural vegetation) and impact assessment of their estimated area (EA) and maximum volume (EMV)) on the air temperature (Ta) that characterizes the outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). Climate Modification by Urban Infrastructure, Fundamental Concepts of Urban Infrastructure Mensuration Parameters, Fundamental Concepts of Urban Grey Blue Green Infrastructure (UGBGI) and Concepts Of OTC, Koppen Classification and LCZs are the linked areas. Study locations are based on socio-economic and geophysical attributes. Initial 200 pilot survey responses regarding thermal sensation votes and other subjective details were used. Preferred values of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and optimum Ta have been used. After the mapping in ArcGIS and polygonal delineation of the areas, EA values were compiled in tabular format. Based on primary measurements and secondary studies, a maximum height (hmax) value was assigned to each sub-category for EMV evaluation. Statistically, the EA and estimated perimeter (EP) values were analyzed using QQ, scatter plots, histogram and generate near table tools in ArcGIS. EA and EMV values were correlated with mean Ta values by linear regression. The R-square values generated gave a clear idea about the extent of their impacts on Ta. From the established relationships and preferred PET and optimum Ta values, optimum EA, EMV and hmax values of the broader categories(G,B,Gr) required for preferred OTC levels were finally evaluated.

초등학생용 수행형 디지털 리터러시 온라인 평가도구 개발

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a performance-based online assessment tool to measure the level of digital literacy of primary school students. Methods To achieve this, test items were developed based on several scenarios that reflected the context of schools, families, and communities that primary school students encounter in their daily lives, and an online as-sessment system was developed in the form of several sub-tasks being connected to perform one integrated task. The developed assessment tool consisted of 4 test modules and a total of 28 sub-task items. A preliminary test was conducted on 462 primary school students to verify the reliability and validity of the developed online as-sessment system. Results As a result of analyzing the preliminary test results, the test reliability was found to be good. As a result of correlation analysis with the multiple-choice assessment tool, it was found to be distinguished from the exist-ing tool as a performance-based assessment tool. In addition, as a result of item analysis, the overall discrim-ination and difficulty level was found to be at an appropriate level except for a few items. Conclusions This study is significant in that it developed a performance-based online assessment tool beyond self-reporting or knowledge-based multiple-choice assessment, and provided primary data for future research on measuring students’ digital literacy level using a performance-based online assessment tool based on the pre-liminary test results.

Technical efficiency of factors affecting soybean farming in Tanjab Timur Regency

This research was carried out with the aim of: Knowing the general description of soybean farming in Tanjab Timur Regency, Analyzing the level of technical efficiency of soybean farming in Tanjab Timur Regency, Analyzing the level of technical inefficiency of soybean farming in Tanjab Timur Regency. The analytical tool used is Stochastic Frontier production function analysis with Cobb- Douglas and calculating the level of efficiency and inefficiency. This research was conducted in Tanjab Timur Regency. The sampling technique was the census method with a sample of 120 farmers. The data used is secondary and primary data. The research results showed that: The condition of the land in the research area is tidal land with an average production of 1,039, The use of production inputs in the research area is technically efficient, reaching 0.767. Socio-economic factors such as age and education variables have no real effect and increase inefficiency while experience variables, number of family members and extension have no real effect, but increase technical efficiency or reduce inefficiency, Simultaneously or partially age, education, experience, number of family members and extension has no real effect on production.

Factors Impacting Purchase Intention of Indian Consumers Towards Spiritual Products

Purpose: The aim of the research is to ascertain the elements that influence the propensity of Indian consumers to buy spiritual merchandise. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach was used. Primary data was collected from 150 Indian consumers through an electronic survey using a structured questionnaire with close-ended questions. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using Varimax Rotation using SPSS software. Findings: The findings revealed Brand Perception, Religious Belief, Spirituality Factors, Brand Image, Packaging and Service Factors and Variety Factors as the determinants of purchase intention towards spiritual products for Indian consumers. Practical implications: This study offers valuable insights for marketers, manufacturers, and retailers of spiritual products in India. Businesses can adjust their marketing plans, product designs, and service offerings to meet the needs and preferences of Indian consumers by studying the factors that influence purchase intention. Originality/Value: While there has been considerable research on purchase intentions in various sectors, this study uniquely focuses on spiritual products in the Indian context. Given the cultural and religious significance of spirituality in India, understanding consumer behaviour in this niche segment is critical.

Stress level and stress management ability among the professionals of information technology in Chennai

Stress level and Stress management is a current issue faced by information technology (IT) professionals. In this condition, information technology (IT) professionals handle their stress level and stress management level through the emotional and intellectual commitment to a group or organization that results in conduct that will assist a company in keeping its promises to improve the workers and, in turn, business outcomes. Information technology (IT) is currently dealing with new difficulties and problems relating to employee stress level and stress management level. The software industry has a high-stress level because of the nature of the work, the goals, the successes, the night shift, and the excessive workload. However, stress frequently has a negative connotation, and this part of stress is referred to as distress. Therefore, in front of other issues, the streel level and stress management level will be playing a major role in information technology (IT) companies. For this study, the researcher determines the stress level and stress management level ability among information technology (IT) professionals. A few information technology (IT) experts in Chennai were surveyed to use a standardized questionnaire to get the primary data. Materials from primary sources, such as books, journals, articles, newspapers, etc., were used to assess secondary data. The research provides valuable insights for the companies to understand the relationship between stress level and stress management and how this level of stress management will affect the employees.

Improved drinking water planning challenges in Urban Households’ in Bamenda city, Cameroon

Access to improved drinking water remains a fundamental need and a basic human right vital for the dignity and health of all people. There is an urgent need to increase access to improved drinking water in urban households in Bamenda city where a low proportion currently appears to be having access. There also exist marked disparity in access amongst the different Sub-divisions which is still to be scientifically investigated. This study sets out to investigate the improved drinking water planning challenges in urban households in Bamenda, Cameroon. The study used systematic field observation, household surveys and administration of 520 copies of questionnaire to urban household heads as primary sources of data collection. The administration of the 520 copies of questionnaire was carried out using purposive and simple random sampling techniques within Bamenda I, II and III Sub-Divisions. Primary data were matched with secondary source information obtained from WHO, UNICEF, UN, CDC, UNDP, PAHO and The University of Bamenda Central Library. Findings revealed that standpipes (41.3%), protected dug well (51.9%), piped water connected to households (54.8%), boreholes (61.9%), rain water collection (63.3%) and spring water harnessed to households (38.6%) constitutes the main urban households improved drinking water sources. Also, natural factors (33.67%) and planning-related challenges (63.33%) work together to limit access to improved drinking water to households. Field observation and measurements revealed that less than 5 urban households share a common water source, while other 42.88% cover &lt;50m to get to the nearest improved drinking water source point. The study highlights that improved drinking water in Bamenda city is currently a limited and non-basic service. The study recommends the expansion of improved drinking water infrastructure by the relevant stakeholders, systematic data collection on factors affecting access to improved drinking water by urban households for better decision making, seek ways to increase accessibility of improved drinking water by the government via MINEE and MINDUH and finally, households should build water towers to store water for continuous use.

The integrated environmental sustainability strategy of BSB City, Semarang

The integrated environmental sustainability strategy of BSB City, Semarang

The Effects of Community Policing Safety and Security in the Addis Ababa City Administration

The Addis Ababa city administration is committed to enhancing the well-being and prosperity of individuals and communities through community development. Out of the six wards, 3198 were present. Using a formula, Slovin distributed 355 questionnaires with 328 samples that were then divided into three subcities Arada, Kirkos, and Addis Ketema—to describe the implementation of the descriptive case study. Using a mixed methods research strategy, this exploratory design was descriptive. The research relies on primary and secondary data, such as interviews with front-line police, intermediate and senior officials, and unpublished documents from verified organizations such as the Addis Ababa Police Commission. While the quantitative approach emphasizes how effective community policing is, it prioritizes the deployment of obstacles in communities. This study was conducted to provide impartial accounts of experiences in the wild. The surge in crime has eroded public trust and safety, leading to low levels of human well-being. The Ethiopian government has taken steps to identify the root cause of the problem and implement measures to ensure its smooth functioning. The community has been involved in problem-solving partnerships with the police, and various community programs have been established to teach people how to handle crimes effectively. This has boosted the sense of confidence and well-being in the community.

Geospatial analysis of cholera outbreak mapping of prone areas in communities in Ondo State, Southwestern, Nigeria

Cholera stands as an abrupt intestinal infection brought about by the consumption of food or water contaminated with comma-shaped bacteria, specifically Vibrio cholerae. The prime objective of this study is to employ Geospatial methodologies in the mapping of cholera occurrences within Ondo State. Geographical Information System (GIS) is utilized to chart the instances of cholera outbreaks. The pivotal aims of this endeavor encompass: · delineating the prevalence of cholera incidents across all Local Government Areas (LGA) within Ondo State; · assessing the trajectory of cholera occurrences within the research locale; · identifying the principal causes of cholera within Ondo State; · Outlining and suggesting potential strategies to counteract the incidence of cholera in the state; and · Forecasting the occurrence of cholera cases over the subsequent 5 to 10 years. Recorded instances of cholera were sourced from the ministry of health, supplemented by the use of questionnaires to amass primary data. The research leveraged both ArcGIS and SPSS as analytical tools. ArcGIS facilitated the mapping of cholera causes and plausible remedies. It is evident that Local Government Areas (LGAs) boasting larger populations recorded more cholera cases compared to their smaller counterparts. Furthermore, it is observed that the highest count of reported cholera cases across all LGAs was reached in 2014. The study establishes the potential for early diagnosis and preventive measures to obliterate the disease and integrate the resulting database into the primary health sector. It was discovered that there’s know significant differences in reported cases of cholera in all the Local Government Areas (LGA) despite the fact that the values looks similar or varies. The study recommends advancing the field of cholera mapping to unveil risk factors and preclude potential cholera outbreaks within the state. Anticipated production of risk maps will identify regions prone to future cholera attacks within the state.

Improvement of mechanisms for analysis of primary data of product description based on artificial intelligence systems

Improvement of mechanisms for analysis of primary data of product description based on artificial intelligence systems

Elimination of mercury thermometers in health facilities: Review of achievement data as of January–October 2023

The Minamata Convention as a form of international agreement in the prevention and reduction of mercury emissions globally moves the world in support of eliminating mercury in the environment. Indonesia is one of the countries that contributed to making the “National Action Plan for Mercury Reduction and Elimination” particularly within its health sector, focusing on the elimination of mercury thermometers. This study aims to analyze the achievement of the elimination of mercury medical devices in the form of thermometers at Indonesian health facilities as an evaluation material for improving performance in achieving the program target by 100%. The research method utilized is descriptive qualitative analysis. In this study, primary data processing was carried out online to eliminate mercury medical devices in health facilities in Indonesia. From the research findings, it can be concluded that the achievement of mercury thermometer removal in Indonesia still has not reached the target of the “National Action Plan for Mercury Reduction and Elimination”

Environmental Performance of a Polyamide-Based Thermoplastic Compound with Brominated Flame Retardants

Thermoplastic compounds are present in various industrial, domestic and consumer applications thanks to their strength, lightness, flexibility and processing properties. However, thermoplastics are often derived from polymers formed from non-renewable sources, such as petroleum. In addition, the production processes have a high consumption of energy. For this reason, assessing the environmental impacts caused by the production process is of primary importance. This research evaluates the environmental performance of a polyamide-based thermoplastic compound with brominated flame retardants. The objective is to understand which phase of the production process has the most significant impacts. The assessment of environmental impacts was carried out through the Life Cycle Assessment methodology using SimaPro v9.5, Ecoinvent v3.9 database and ReCiPe 2016 v1.07 impacts assessment method. The primary data were generated and collected in a factory in northern Italy, and the Functional Unit considered is 1 kg of final product. The results show that the upstream phase accounts for more than 90% of the environmental profile, especially in human non-carcinogenic toxicity, with more than 56% of the total impacts and fine particulate matter formation with 18% shares. At the climate change level, the product delivers a total impact of 6.17 kg CO2 eq per kg of the final product. This study indicates that most of the impacts are caused by the production of raw materials. For this reason, it is necessary to introduce more sustainable and environmentally friendly raw materials.

Empirical investigation of drivers, motivations and barriers for implementation of integrated continuous improvement system: a case of Ethiopian manufacturing industries

PurposeContinuous improvement in an integrated approach is a philosophy developed over decades based on a set of management practices. It comprises enhancement methodologies that escalate success as well as diminishes letdowns. The state-of-the-art literature finds a variety of practices for the execution of continuous improvement (CI) system. However, it is rare to find an empirical study with an inclusive system that considers various practices in one frame for improving competitiveness. With this outlook, therefore, this study aims originally to identify drivers, motivations and barriers for the application of integrated CI system, and then conduct an empirical investigation within the context of Ethiopian manufacturing industries.Design/methodology/approachJustification of the problem, extensive review of literature, identification of practices, developing research framework, investigational analysis of the empirical study using reliability and descriptive statistical analysis and identifying leading drivers (unique practices and common factors), motivations and barriers are the research approaches used in this study. Furthermore, the primary data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and were analyzed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) 23 and the findings were triangulated to relate to the existing state-of-the-art literature.FindingsThe findings indicate 17 common factors associated with human, strategic, operational, technology, structure, resource and information factors; 21 unique practices of just-in-time (JIT), lean-six sigma (LSS), supply chain management (SCM), total productive maintenance (TPM), and total quality management (TQM) methodologies; 20 barriers connected with internal and external issues and 17 motivations linked to operational, innovation and business results are identified. In general, the empirical analysis discovers the practices are noteworthy and commonly supported by a least of 52% of the respondents. As a result, the first five prominent common factors, barriers, unique practices and motivations are also supported by a minimum of 72%, 73.9%, 65.8% and 75% of the respondents, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsEven though this is the first-ever study in the Ethiopian manufacturing sector with the focus on integrated CI practices of JIT, TQM, TPM, SCM and LSS initiatives, some limitations have existed and the major limitations of the study are, targeted merely small number manufacturing companies despite the fact that there are hundreds of companies implementing CI system in Ethiopia, and the data collected were only based on the perception of the respondents, and other information’s like annual reports was not employed to support the findings.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study underlined that the implementation of drivers in relation to common factors and unique practices supported by exterminating barriers in manufacturing industries of Ethiopia enables to enhance competitiveness through attaining operational, innovation and business results though it requires a practical case application to prove this perception-based analysis.Originality/valueThough there are a number of studies published on integrated continuous improvement, currently it is found that there is no literature focused on the identification and empirical investigation of drivers (common factors and unique practices), motivations and barriers for application of integrated CI system with the focus of JIT, TQM, TPM, SCM and LSS initiatives. Therefore, this is the first-ever study, and the empirical analysis of the study discovered that identified practices are providing valuable insights for manufacturing industries which will be on board on this voyage including institutions, practitioners and other sectors.

Assessing Environmental Impact: Organosolv Extraction of Cellulose Pulp from Wood Waste

In the upcoming years, the paper industry is expected rely on containerboard for packaging, with approximately 80% of it being made from recycled fibers by 2020. Creating a new supply chain for fibers could help mitigate possible shortages. In this context, wood waste emerges as a valuable resource with the potential to serve as a plentiful and cost-effective reservoir for generating new materials, as cellulose fibers. This study presents an assessment of the environmental impact associated with the organosolv extraction of cellulose pulp from wood waste based on a previous in lab study conducted by the authors. The increasing demand for sustainable materials has prompted exploration into alternative methods for cellulose pulp production, with a focus on minimizing environmental footprint. Organosolv extraction, a promising technique, involves the use of organic solvents and acid catalysts to break down lignocellulosic biomass, resulting in high-quality cellulose pulp production. To evaluate the environmental implications of this process, a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was adopted. The LCA framework considers all stages of the organosolv extraction process, from wood waste collection to cellulose pulp manufacture, using a gate-to-gate approach. The functional unit for assessment is set as one ton of cellulose pulp. The dataset utilized for the LCA comprises primary data obtained from laboratory experiments, complemented by secondary data sourced from literature and the Ecoinvent life cycle inventory database. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of key parameters on the environmental performance of the organosolv extraction process, with a focus on variations in energy consumption to identify potential areas for optimization and improvement. In summary, this study emphasizes the environmental aspects of utilizing organosolv extraction for cellulose pulp production from wood waste. Further research is warranted to explore energy consumption during the organosolv process for obtaining more precise data and optimizing the process. This could be achieved through pilot-scale experiments or utilizing process simulation software.